Suchergebnisse

During Antwerp's Golden Age, the city replaced Bruges as the primary trading hub of Western Europe. Antwerp transformed from a medium-sized Brabantine town to an unparalleled metropolis in the Low Countries with over 100.000 inhabitants. Although little is known regarding the impact of this transformation on the city's governance, Antwerp serves as an intriguing and exceptional case study. Unlike other trading metropolises such as sixteenth-century Lyon or seventeenth-century Amsterdam, where merchants increasingly occupied positions in the city council, this was not the case in Antwerp. This book 'Macht in de Metropool' reconstructs the compositions of Antwerp's city council between 1400 and 1550. It examines the profile of the different aldermen and mayors and how they evolved over time. Furthermore, the research analyses the real estate investments of this group and their relationship with key groups in society such as the merchants, the nobility, and the central administration.

Campaign propaganda (with other variables) provides a proper content to the elections. An analysis is made of its use at the General Elections of Mar 31, 1968. In 1967, Belgian PO was not focused on linguistic, cultural & nat'lity problems. However, at the General Elections of Mar 1968 3 out of the 5 main issues dealt with these problems. Besides the issue of federalization of the pol'al system, the linguistic & org'al issue of Brussels & the relocation of the French section of the Catholic U of Louvain, one finds only full employment & inflation as major issues in the campaign. This issue-debate does not put opposition & gov'al parties one against another, but places the 6 main parties in a complex cross-cutting & the electors in a strong cross-pressure field. This is still complicated by the increase of personal propaganda. AA.

A study of the relation between the nature of municipal elections in Belgium & the degree of Ur'ization of municipalities. 5 categories of electoral patterns are discerned: elections without competition; totally local; predominantly local; mixed; predominantly nat'l. Operationalizations of Ur'ization in Belgium from previous res are used. A positive r is found between growing Ur'ization & a shift from local to predominantly nat'l electoral pattern. This does not mean that the predominantly nat'l electoral pattern is found exclusively in the highest category of Ur'ization, nor that the exclusively local electoral figure & elections without competition occur only in Ru regions. But it is a fact that the gravity center of the more nat'l electoral patterns lies in the Ur'ized municipalities & towns, whereas the gravity center of local electoral patterns lies in Ru municipalities. Findings support the hyp of the "tenuous zone," formulated by S. Groenman (see SA A1165). 2 Graphs, 1 Table. Modified HA.

A quantitative evaluation of shifts in the voting patterns of the Flemish population from the 1981 to the 1985 national elections in relation to sex, age, & occupational status. Mobility tables are calculated using statistical information from poll surveys & the results of the elections. The results of the analysis, using loglinear modeling, correspondence analysis, & cluster analysis, reveal significant shifts between the different parties, & indicate that sex of voter has no significant influence on voting behavior. 3 Tables, 9 Figures. Modified HA

Discussion on the interview as research method
Discussion on the interview as research method
In discussing the interview as a research method Evers prefers Focus Group discussions of medicine users to assess behavioural patterns, Krebbekx mentions reactions of the interviewees on the personal background of the interviewer, and De Boer discusses the social and subjective nature of the information obtained. In contrast, Smaling sees the interview as a necessary source to complete observational data and Nijhof promotes the interview for specific unknown realities like the experiences of the chronic ill.

Systematic Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Systematic Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) was introduced in the social sciences by Charles Ragin in 1987. Literature on and applications of QCA show the method as a way to systematically organize, summarize and compare qualitative data to discover and analyze patterns occurring over cases. Although the literature stresses the importance of iterating between theory and data in its procedures, its grounded nature remains relatively underexposed. In this article we illustrate the principles of QCA by means of a qualitative comparative analysis of fourteen Dutch spatial planning projects, thereby also articulating the method's grounded nature.

This paper deals with the electoral & political consequences of urban region formation. The electoral geography of new political parties differs substantially from that of traditional ones. New parties are mainly successful in different parts of urban regions. The declining traditional parties have rather a regional pattern, although some of them show new spatial patterns too. These developments are interpreted in the context of the cleavage theory, in which old & new cleavages are linked with a different spatiality. Following the Anglo-Saxon literature an increasing process of polarisation is hypothesised between the welfare state orientated city & a neo-conservative & neo-liberal suburban fringe. This article examines & proofs the existence of these processes in the urban region of Brussels by means of individual-level & ecological electoral data. Figures. Adapted from the source document.

Embodied experiences of patients with severe chronic fatigue after cancer. An interpretive phenomenological study
This article presents a phenomenological study on embodied experiences based on interviews with 25 patients with severe chronic cancer-related fatigue (CCRF). Insight into the patient's perspective can help to facilitate personalized treatment in CCRF. Theoretically resorting to philosophical phenomenology, we explored embodied experiences of living with CCRF. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, we identified four superordinate themes: (1) Worn out; (2) Diminishment of one's 'I can'; (3) Socially invisible objectification of the body; and (4) Restoring one's 'I can'. For clinical practice, these results suggest that focusing on the body and restoring one's 'I can' could be helpful during treatment of CCRF. Future research should focus on measuring individual patterns of CCRF symptoms in order to personalize treatment.

Examined is the voting behavior of the three major Belgian parties -- CVP (Christian Democrats), BSP (Socialists), & PVV (Liberals) -- during three legislatures in which all three parties were twice in government & once in the opposition. The cohesion between the government parties & within each party was very high: cohesion within the government was 99.97% in 1958-1961. Deviations from the "party line" were minimal, especially within the BSP: 0.32% of BSP members voted against the party line in 1954-1958; the highest deviation (2.51%) was found among CVP members in 1961-1965. In the final votes two voting patterns dominate: government vs opposition & unanimity. All amendments except those introduced by the government were rejected. It is concluded that the role of the public session of the House of Representatives is reduced to a mere registration function. 5 Tables. Modified HA.

A series of 11 polls on samples of the Belgian electorate was held between the elections of Mar, 1968, & Nov, 1971. 2 questions were asked, one on past voting behavior & one on voting intentions. Although each survey was held on a completely renewed sample, the most striking result is the stability of the party preference of the Belgian voter. Little relationship is found between pol'al events & changes in voting intentions. On the basis of the results the hyp is formulated that, in periods without crises, the majority of electors are influenced by a global pol'al atmosphere rather than by separate events. Perceptible changes in party preference only occur after a series of "coherent" events, of which the effect is cumulative. A secondary result of the analysis is the description of some systematic patterns of switching in party preference. AA.