Suchergebnisse

The subject of the Sixth World Conference of Sport and Environment in Nairobi (Kenya) was "Sport, Peace and Environment". The International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) were the organizers of the conference. More than 350 delegates representing about 100 different countries, IOC, International Sport Federations, National Olympic Committees, Olympic Games Organizing Committees, United Nations (UN), UNEP, and other representatives of governmental and nongovernmental organizations, specialists of international relations, scientists, the best athletes of the world, including famous runners of Kenya, took part in this conference. About 50 presentations were given. Environmental problems cause a huge headache for the whole world because of the influence for our daily life. Nowadays sport as an entertainment and physical training is integral part of our society. Actually sport influences environment in the same way as environment influences sport. IOC cannot solve such international problems as environment protection and its heritage with the help of Olympic movement and plenty of volunteers only. Considering the fact that all responsibility for environmental protection and world peace depends on authority, our input must be refilling each of mentioned aspects. Announcers have confirmed that IOC is trying to play very important role in this activity field as the main sport promoter. We can take people's fancy to the beauty of nature and inform them about environmental degradation risk through the sport. In this case global and local environment are natural partners for Olympic ideals and Olympic movement commonly. Environment is the third aspect of the Olympic world view. The resolution was adopted at the conference; all the Olympic family was invited to promote and to throw up sport and environmental problems. Sport is very good in nations integral function realization, it depolarizes different cultures, teaches to solve conflicts and contradictions in humane way and has very big educative power.

The subject of the Sixth World Conference of Sport and Environment in Nairobi (Kenya) was "Sport, Peace and Environment". The International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) were the organizers of the conference. More than 350 delegates representing about 100 different countries, IOC, International Sport Federations, National Olympic Committees, Olympic Games Organizing Committees, United Nations (UN), UNEP, and other representatives of governmental and nongovernmental organizations, specialists of international relations, scientists, the best athletes of the world, including famous runners of Kenya, took part in this conference. About 50 presentations were given. Environmental problems cause a huge headache for the whole world because of the influence for our daily life. Nowadays sport as an entertainment and physical training is integral part of our society. Actually sport influences environment in the same way as environment influences sport. IOC cannot solve such international problems as environment protection and its heritage with the help of Olympic movement and plenty of volunteers only. Considering the fact that all responsibility for environmental protection and world peace depends on authority, our input must be refilling each of mentioned aspects. Announcers have confirmed that IOC is trying to play very important role in this activity field as the main sport promoter. We can take people's fancy to the beauty of nature and inform them about environmental degradation risk through the sport. In this case global and local environment are natural partners for Olympic ideals and Olympic movement commonly. Environment is the third aspect of the Olympic world view. The resolution was adopted at the conference; all the Olympic family was invited to promote and to throw up sport and environmental problems. Sport is very good in nations integral function realization, it depolarizes different cultures, teaches to solve conflicts and contradictions in humane way and has very big educative power.

The subject of the Sixth World Conference of Sport and Environment in Nairobi (Kenya) was "Sport, Peace and Environment". The International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) were the organizers of the conference. More than 350 delegates representing about 100 different countries, IOC, International Sport Federations, National Olympic Committees, Olympic Games Organizing Committees, United Nations (UN), UNEP, and other representatives of governmental and nongovernmental organizations, specialists of international relations, scientists, the best athletes of the world, including famous runners of Kenya, took part in this conference. About 50 presentations were given. Environmental problems cause a huge headache for the whole world because of the influence for our daily life. Nowadays sport as an entertainment and physical training is integral part of our society. Actually sport influences environment in the same way as environment influences sport. IOC cannot solve such international problems as environment protection and its heritage with the help of Olympic movement and plenty of volunteers only. Considering the fact that all responsibility for environmental protection and world peace depends on authority, our input must be refilling each of mentioned aspects. Announcers have confirmed that IOC is trying to play very important role in this activity field as the main sport promoter. We can take people's fancy to the beauty of nature and inform them about environmental degradation risk through the sport. In this case global and local environment are natural partners for Olympic ideals and Olympic movement commonly. Environment is the third aspect of the Olympic world view. The resolution was adopted at the conference; all the Olympic family was invited to promote and to throw up sport and environmental problems. Sport is very good in nations integral function realization, it depolarizes different cultures, teaches to solve conflicts and contradictions in humane way and has very big educative power.

The subject of the Sixth World Conference of Sport and Environment in Nairobi (Kenya) was "Sport, Peace and Environment". The International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) were the organizers of the conference. More than 350 delegates representing about 100 different countries, IOC, International Sport Federations, National Olympic Committees, Olympic Games Organizing Committees, United Nations (UN), UNEP, and other representatives of governmental and nongovernmental organizations, specialists of international relations, scientists, the best athletes of the world, including famous runners of Kenya, took part in this conference. About 50 presentations were given. Environmental problems cause a huge headache for the whole world because of the influence for our daily life. Nowadays sport as an entertainment and physical training is integral part of our society. Actually sport influences environment in the same way as environment influences sport. IOC cannot solve such international problems as environment protection and its heritage with the help of Olympic movement and plenty of volunteers only. Considering the fact that all responsibility for environmental protection and world peace depends on authority, our input must be refilling each of mentioned aspects. Announcers have confirmed that IOC is trying to play very important role in this activity field as the main sport promoter. We can take people's fancy to the beauty of nature and inform them about environmental degradation risk through the sport. In this case global and local environment are natural partners for Olympic ideals and Olympic movement commonly. Environment is the third aspect of the Olympic world view. The resolution was adopted at the conference; all the Olympic family was invited to promote and to throw up sport and environmental problems. Sport is very good in nations integral function realization, it depolarizes different cultures, teaches to solve conflicts and contradictions in humane way and has very big educative power.

The information revolution is changing the international system and the security environment in which we live. The state is loosing its monopoly of power in a global information space where, with the help of new technologies, people create their wellbeing and where, by means of the same modern technologies, military conflicts of a new type are occurring. The Western civilisation conception of a military conflict, based on the Clause-witz model where leaders set political goals and control soldiers; soldiers fight directly and become lawful targets of violence; and civilians do not participate in the conflict, but support their leaders by paying taxes and backing their political goals, is falling apart. A conflict of the information age is, in a sense, a "pre-Westphalian" conflict where crimes against civilians and the internal order of the state were the norm. The question arises of how the state may ensure the security of its citizens. The great powers try to find an answer in the strategies and programs of information operations. A great amount of attention is given to the public information of the state during a conflict, as well as to information security. In the latter sphere, Lithuania has already made its first steps; however, Lithuania needs to learn the principles of public information not only during conflict, but also during peacetime.

The information revolution is changing the international system and the security environment in which we live. The state is loosing its monopoly of power in a global information space where, with the help of new technologies, people create their wellbeing and where, by means of the same modern technologies, military conflicts of a new type are occurring. The Western civilisation conception of a military conflict, based on the Clause-witz model where leaders set political goals and control soldiers; soldiers fight directly and become lawful targets of violence; and civilians do not participate in the conflict, but support their leaders by paying taxes and backing their political goals, is falling apart. A conflict of the information age is, in a sense, a "pre-Westphalian" conflict where crimes against civilians and the internal order of the state were the norm. The question arises of how the state may ensure the security of its citizens. The great powers try to find an answer in the strategies and programs of information operations. A great amount of attention is given to the public information of the state during a conflict, as well as to information security. In the latter sphere, Lithuania has already made its first steps; however, Lithuania needs to learn the principles of public information not only during conflict, but also during peacetime.

The information revolution is changing the international system and the security environment in which we live. The state is loosing its monopoly of power in a global information space where, with the help of new technologies, people create their wellbeing and where, by means of the same modern technologies, military conflicts of a new type are occurring. The Western civilisation conception of a military conflict, based on the Clause-witz model where leaders set political goals and control soldiers; soldiers fight directly and become lawful targets of violence; and civilians do not participate in the conflict, but support their leaders by paying taxes and backing their political goals, is falling apart. A conflict of the information age is, in a sense, a "pre-Westphalian" conflict where crimes against civilians and the internal order of the state were the norm. The question arises of how the state may ensure the security of its citizens. The great powers try to find an answer in the strategies and programs of information operations. A great amount of attention is given to the public information of the state during a conflict, as well as to information security. In the latter sphere, Lithuania has already made its first steps; however, Lithuania needs to learn the principles of public information not only during conflict, but also during peacetime.

The information revolution is changing the international system and the security environment in which we live. The state is loosing its monopoly of power in a global information space where, with the help of new technologies, people create their wellbeing and where, by means of the same modern technologies, military conflicts of a new type are occurring. The Western civilisation conception of a military conflict, based on the Clause-witz model where leaders set political goals and control soldiers; soldiers fight directly and become lawful targets of violence; and civilians do not participate in the conflict, but support their leaders by paying taxes and backing their political goals, is falling apart. A conflict of the information age is, in a sense, a "pre-Westphalian" conflict where crimes against civilians and the internal order of the state were the norm. The question arises of how the state may ensure the security of its citizens. The great powers try to find an answer in the strategies and programs of information operations. A great amount of attention is given to the public information of the state during a conflict, as well as to information security. In the latter sphere, Lithuania has already made its first steps; however, Lithuania needs to learn the principles of public information not only during conflict, but also during peacetime.

The research aims at establishing which activities or situations in maritime domain, which threaten maritime safety and / or maritime security, fall within the concept of international peace and security. Having demonstrated the validity of the international law principles that safeguard international peace and security in maritime area, the research reveals a changing list of the threats to international peace and security, which now encompasses activities and situations at sea, including terrorism, sea piracy and armed robbery against ships, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, etc. A maritime space safe from such kind of threats generally means maritime security. Thus, a great part of the threats to maritime security are or may constitute threats to international peace and security, subject to their recognition as such threats by the United Nations Security Council in its resolutions. Usually such threats also pose risk to maritime safety (safety at sea, safety of navigation, ships, crew and passengers); however, any threat to maritime safety does not necessarily endanger maritime security or amount to the threat to international peace and security.

The article gives an overview of the basic concepts of Game Theory, such as zero sum game and non-zero sum game for two players, von Neumann's mini-max theorem, Pareto optimum, simple and iterated Prisoner's dilemma, Evolutionary stable strategy. Game Theory is understood as an analytical tool dealing with situations of conflict and co-operation. One of the main ideas of the theory is that by reducing and simplifying complicated phenomena of our everyday world we can often find a simple game situation with a single or more solutions. The theory helps to search for solutions by constructing ideal types of situations that contain principal elements of rational choice. There is no claim that Game Theory is something completed and not problematic itself and yet it provides elegant logical tools for analysis of social, political and philosophical life.

The article gives an overview of the basic concepts of Game Theory, such as zero sum game and non-zero sum game for two players, von Neumann's mini-max theorem, Pareto optimum, simple and iterated Prisoner's dilemma, Evolutionary stable strategy. Game Theory is understood as an analytical tool dealing with situations of conflict and co-operation. One of the main ideas of the theory is that by reducing and simplifying complicated phenomena of our everyday world we can often find a simple game situation with a single or more solutions. The theory helps to search for solutions by constructing ideal types of situations that contain principal elements of rational choice. There is no claim that Game Theory is something completed and not problematic itself and yet it provides elegant logical tools for analysis of social, political and philosophical life.

The article gives an overview of the basic concepts of Game Theory, such as zero sum game and non-zero sum game for two players, von Neumann's mini-max theorem, Pareto optimum, simple and iterated Prisoner's dilemma, Evolutionary stable strategy. Game Theory is understood as an analytical tool dealing with situations of conflict and co-operation. One of the main ideas of the theory is that by reducing and simplifying complicated phenomena of our everyday world we can often find a simple game situation with a single or more solutions. The theory helps to search for solutions by constructing ideal types of situations that contain principal elements of rational choice. There is no claim that Game Theory is something completed and not problematic itself and yet it provides elegant logical tools for analysis of social, political and philosophical life.

The article gives an overview of the basic concepts of Game Theory, such as zero sum game and non-zero sum game for two players, von Neumann's mini-max theorem, Pareto optimum, simple and iterated Prisoner's dilemma, Evolutionary stable strategy. Game Theory is understood as an analytical tool dealing with situations of conflict and co-operation. One of the main ideas of the theory is that by reducing and simplifying complicated phenomena of our everyday world we can often find a simple game situation with a single or more solutions. The theory helps to search for solutions by constructing ideal types of situations that contain principal elements of rational choice. There is no claim that Game Theory is something completed and not problematic itself and yet it provides elegant logical tools for analysis of social, political and philosophical life.

SUMMARY Lithuania started following Community Directives that define corporate social responsibility for an employee after accession to the European Union. Therefore managers of organisations are supposed to pay more attention to staff management which aims not only at growth of labour productivity rates, but motivation of employees as well as ensuring of appropriate and positive working environment. Ability to manage organisational conflicts is the basis for managing conflicts in the national level. Everyone is a personality, however people depend on each other when they work together. They all have different political ideological beliefs, confess different religions, different background of education and social status of a family. Everyone has prejudice and a certain attitude towards value system. Everyone therefore is unique by its estimations and views and has a right to make mistakes and make their own decisions about good or evil. Moral maturity of businessmen affects not only economic indicators but intercommunication, attainment of goals of organisation as well as entire organisational environment. The paper aims at development of optimal model for solving conflicts within the organisation. The first part of the paper THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF CONFLICTS presents peculiarities of conflict management in organisations. A concept of conflict management, conflict causes and types as well as solution methods is provided based on scientific publications. This part also analyses empirical level of conflict examination in both Lithuanian and foreign organisations. The second part of the paper RESEARCH METHODOLOGY describes methods, aim and objectives of the research planned in local self administration and private organisations. Research sample and procedure of research organisation is also described. Research methods employed: questionnaire, interview and mathematical analysis (used to structure the results). The research proved hypotheses that were raised: • The manager of the organisation influence conflict management; • Proper method for conflict solution helps eliminate the conflict and improve management situation. The third part EMPIRICAL RESEARCH OF ORGANISATIONS, DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS presents structured analysis of research data and research assessment. The results from the private and public organisations are compared. Recommendations for improvement of conflict management process along with optimal conflict solution model are provided based on analysis of the research. Analysis of how different authors interpret the concept of conflict management was carried out in the paper. Such analysis enabled drafting more precise definition of conflict management concept. Causes, types and solution methods of conflicts were structured and peculiarities of conflict management in private and public organisations were explored. Causes of conflicts and solution methods that are most characteristic to these organisations were determined. Importance of conflict management along with its positive and negative effects on organisations and their employees was based on theory. A questionnaire was drafted and employees of both private and public organisations were questioned. Results of the research will help in further surveys of organisations and will allow analysing other peculiarities of organisational conflict management better. The research proved the hypotheses. Recommendations for improvement of conflict management process were provided. Based on the results of the research a new model for solving conflicts was developed. The paper consists of introduction, 3 parts and conclusion. The paper comprises of major part described in 60 pages, including 5 tables and 24 figures.