Suchergebnisse

Menjehere mbas viteve te luft es se dyte boterore, studimet mbi paqen dhe mbrojtjen nga konfl iktet e ndryshme, jane berë perhere e më të rendsishme duke arritur në një ndryshim rrenjesor të paradigmave në vitet '70. Vemendja e studiuesve u perqendru në konceptin "paqe" (negative) jo më si ekuilibër internacjonale diametralisht i kundërt me gjendjen e luft es por si raport që ka të bejnë me "mungesën e dhunës" (structurale o kulturale). Nje paqe e ndertuar vetëm nepermjet ndryshimit rrenjesor të shoqerisë, të zhvillimit politik e ekonomik, si dhe zhdukjes se pabarazinave. Ne brendesi te ketij projekti që permbledh shumë fusha studimi ne te cilin ishte e rendsishme krij imi i nje shoqerij e te re në sferën politike, ekonomike e kulturore perfshihet edhe një mendim i ri mbi ate te quajturën "Peace Economics". Çfare do te thotë: "Peace Economics"? Duke perdorur thenjet e Jurgen Brauer dhe ato të Raul Caruso mund te themi që ajo përfshin studimin ekonomik, projektimin dhe themelimin e nocjoneve kryesore dhe istitucionet perkatse politike, ekonomike dhe kulturore; bashkëveprimi i tyre, dhe politikat per të parandaluar, lehtësuar o zgjidhjen e çdo lloj violence aktuale, dhe fshehur, o konfl ikte të tjera shkaterruese brenda shoqerive ose mes shoqerive te ndryeshme". Cilat jane krakteristikat e Peace Economics? Dhe çfare lidhje egziston mes Peace Economics dhe procesit te integrimit europjan? Ky përpunim do te tregojë se fi llimi i këtij studimi i ka rrenjet në procesin e integrimit që ka sjelle krij imin e istituteve europjane. Mund te themi që zhvillimi i njeres ka ndihmuar e kondiscionuar zhvillimin e tjetres dhe gjithashtu në te kundert. Shembulli dhe historia e komunitetit europjan (Europes se bashkuar) dëshmojnë qe bashkpunimi dhe integrimi politik, ekonomik shoqeror kan qenë elemente të domodoshme te nje politike qe ka ndyshuar fetyuren e botes

19 pages. --Acta del coloquio: "Conflictivitat i vies de solució a la Mediterrània Medieval" ; [CT] Aquest treball té com a finalitat estudiar els diferents sistemes utilitzats en els segles XIII i XIV pels sobirans catalanoaragonesos per tal d'evitar el desencadenament de les temudes cartes de marca o de represalia que els governs de les nacions concedien a un dels seus súbdits per a confiscar els béns dels ciutadans de l'estat estranger del qual havia sofert un greuge. Els sobirans catalanoaragonesos tractaren d'impedir que les marques que els rei de França decretaren contra la Corona d'Aragó fossin evitades. Per això utilitzaren tres vies: 1. Les negociacions diplomàtiques amb la cort francesa. 2. La instauració d'un impost sobre les mercaderies, amb la recaptació del qual poder compensar els perjudicats. 3. La indemnització dels perjudicats utilitzant els recursos de la propia Corona catalanoaragonesa. ; [EN] This paper has as its aim the study of the different systems used in the XIII and XIV centuries by the Catalano- Aragonese sovereigns to avoid the dreaded letters of warrant or reprisal issued by the governments of various nations. These were granted to one of their subjects to allow him to confiscate property belonging to the citizens from the foreign state which had suffered the wrong. The Catalano- Aragonese sovereigns tried to avoid the letters of warrant decreed against the Crown of Aragon by the kings of France. They used three ways to achieve this: 1. By diplomatic negotiations with the French Court. 2. By the institution of a tax on the merchandise, with which they could compensate those who had been wronged. 3. By the indemnification of the person wronged through the recourses available to the Catalano-Aragonese crown itself. ; El present estudi s'insereix dins del Projecte d'Investigació "La Corona de Aragón en el Mediterráneo medieval: puente entre culturas, mediadora entre Cristiandad e Islam" (Ref. HUM2007-61131), subvencionat pel Ministeri de Ciència i Innovació ; Peer reviewed

The culmination of dialogue between religious communities is holding interreligious conferences. Until now, five such meetings were held in Macedonia, of which, the first one was at state level and it came as a result of the ethnic war in 2001, initiated by the President of the country and helped by the relevant researchers from the scope of the dialogue; the second one was a regional summit where the leaders of Southeast European countries attended; whereas, the last three conferences were at world level and were supported by Macedonian Government. In this research, it was used the descriptive method, relevant reports and results of a survey of the Institute for Democracy regarding interreligious dialogue were analyzed, whereas the interview was used as a technique. The hypothesis of this research is focused on the success of these conferences regarding population. The results show that despite the fact that these conferences have become part of government programs and the tradition for their organization has already been formed, they have deviated from their essence and initial vision, to be a catalyst of peace in the country and the region.

Entre agosto y septiembre de 1991, los Países Bálticos forzaron su ruptura con la Unión Soviética, pocos meses antes de que ésta se desintegrara totalmente. A partir de ese momento, la recuperación de su independencia y soberanía nacional -fraguada por primera vez en la época de entreguerras y frustrada por el pacto germano-soviético de 1939-, así como la consolidación de la democracia y el Estado de Derecho y la economía social de mercado, fue de la mano de su aspiración de integración en la Unión Europea y en la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte. Después de más de una década de grandes transformaciones, tanto políticas como socioeconómicas, los tres Países Bálticos -Lituania, Estonia y Letonia- han logrado cumplir con éxito aquellos dos objetivos fundamentales para su futuro en paz, libertad, prosperidad y seguridad en el siglo XXI: el «retorno a Europa» en el marco de la Unión Europea y su vinculazión a la alianza militar euroatlántica dentro de la OTAN. ; Between August and September 1991, the Baltic States forced their break with the USSR, just a few months before the latter disintegrated. From that moment on, the recovery of national independence and sovereignty – first established during the inter-war period only to be thwarted by the pact between Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939 – as well as the consolidation of democracy, the rule of law and a market economy, were given impetus by their desire to join the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. After more than a decade of major transformations, both political and socio-economic in nature, the three Baltic States – Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia – have successfully achieved the two fundamental prerequisites for a future of peace, liberty, prosperity and security in the twenty-first century: their «return to Europe» as members of the European Union and their link with the Euro-Atlantic military alliance as members of NATO. ; El presente trabajo se inscribe en un proyecto de investigación (realizado conjuntamente con el prof. Dr. Ricardo Martín de la Guardia) sobre el ideal europeísta y su influencia en los países de la antigua Europa del Este en el camino de éstos hacia su integración en la Unión Europea. Dicho proyecto de investigación ha sido apoyado por el Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte mediante la vinculación del autor como «Salvador de Madariaga Fellow» al Instituto Universitario Europeo de Florencia en los años 1999 y 2003 (para este último año: Resolución de 28 de marzo de 2003, BOE 15 de abril de 2003).