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Key Points • Understanding the impacts of SDG 16 on forests and people requires attention to the power dynamics that shape how all 17 SDGs are interpreted and implemented across the Global North and South. • As SDGs were agreed upon by nation states, SDG 16 places a strong emphasis on state power and the rule of law. • Yet inclusive governance requires the involvement of diverse actors, and consideration for customary laws and other non-state forms of rulemaking at global to local scales. • Many national laws governing forests and land use favour political elite, large-scale industry actors and international trade. • The development and strengthening of legal frameworks that support all of the SDGs – including those relevant to human rights, income inequalities, land tenure, gender and environmental protection – requires equal or greater priority than law enforcement. Otherwise, law enforcement will reinforce inequities and unsustainable practices. • SDG 16 provides an opportunity to overcome the stereotypes of the Global North as the referential role model for peace and democracy, by highlighting the role of the North in fostering market inequalities and global conflicts, and drawing attention to barriers to democratic and inclusive participation within the Global North. • How transparency, accountability and justice are conceived and prioritised shapes their impact on forests, as well as the degree to which their achievement either empowers forest-dependent peoples or excludes them from meaningful and informed engagement.

19 pages. --Acta del coloquio: "Conflictivitat i vies de solució a la Mediterrània Medieval" ; [CT] Aquest treball té com a finalitat estudiar els diferents sistemes utilitzats en els segles XIII i XIV pels sobirans catalanoaragonesos per tal d'evitar el desencadenament de les temudes cartes de marca o de represalia que els governs de les nacions concedien a un dels seus súbdits per a confiscar els béns dels ciutadans de l'estat estranger del qual havia sofert un greuge. Els sobirans catalanoaragonesos tractaren d'impedir que les marques que els rei de França decretaren contra la Corona d'Aragó fossin evitades. Per això utilitzaren tres vies: 1. Les negociacions diplomàtiques amb la cort francesa. 2. La instauració d'un impost sobre les mercaderies, amb la recaptació del qual poder compensar els perjudicats. 3. La indemnització dels perjudicats utilitzant els recursos de la propia Corona catalanoaragonesa. ; [EN] This paper has as its aim the study of the different systems used in the XIII and XIV centuries by the Catalano- Aragonese sovereigns to avoid the dreaded letters of warrant or reprisal issued by the governments of various nations. These were granted to one of their subjects to allow him to confiscate property belonging to the citizens from the foreign state which had suffered the wrong. The Catalano- Aragonese sovereigns tried to avoid the letters of warrant decreed against the Crown of Aragon by the kings of France. They used three ways to achieve this: 1. By diplomatic negotiations with the French Court. 2. By the institution of a tax on the merchandise, with which they could compensate those who had been wronged. 3. By the indemnification of the person wronged through the recourses available to the Catalano-Aragonese crown itself. ; El present estudi s'insereix dins del Projecte d'Investigació "La Corona de Aragón en el Mediterráneo medieval: puente entre culturas, mediadora entre Cristiandad e Islam" (Ref. HUM2007-61131), subvencionat pel Ministeri de Ciència i Innovació ; Peer reviewed

Three tense events involving the US Army and the Kiowa, Comanche and Apache nations in Oklahoma in the decades after the end of the Great Plains Wars seemed destined to end in violence: The Ghost Dance in 1890−91, the death of three Kiowa boys in a blizzard in 1891 and the transfer of Geronimo and around three hundred Chiricahua Apache Indians to Oklahoma in 1895. In all of these events a US Cavalry officer, Hugh Lenox Scott, played a key role as a soldier-diplomat. Through his linguistic skills and inter-cultural competence, Scott, assisted by Iseeo, a Kiowa army scout and close friend of Scott's, managed to prevent the three situations from erupting in violence. These outcomes are in stark contrast to what happened around the same time in the Northern Plains, where violence erupted on several occasions, most conspicuously at Wounded Knee in December 1890, when US troops killed between 150 and 200 Lakota Indians. The purpose of this micro historical study is to highlight how the military, in concrete action, could promote peace and development in their dealings with American Indians and to explore the significance of personal relations, tolerance and trust for the maintenance of peace. These factors were crucial for the more peaceful development on the Southern Plains compared with in the north. In promoting peace, moreover, Scott not only acted as a diplomat in relation to the Indians; he also successfully advised his superior commanders not to send troops into the field in order to uphold order and quell any possible unrest. Such deployment of troops, Scott was convinced, was like putting a keg of gunpowder in front of an open fire and risked sparking uncontrolled and lethal violence between the soldiers and the Indians, to the detriment of the latter, as happened at Wounded Knee. Based on his long service as a soldier-diplomat, Scott later in life developed a general theory about the military as a peacemaking institution. According to Scott, it was politicians and the people who made war and the task of the military was to conquer the peace. His styling of the US soldier as the "harbinger of peace and mercy", however, depended on Scott ignoring the many instances when the US military had failed to maintain peace and order, both in relation to the American Indians and in colonies overseas. ; Förmedlare i imperialistisk expansion: Möten och kontakter i USA:s gränsland (1876−1916)