Suchergebnisse

A review essay on books by (1) David P. Barash & Charles P. Webel, Peace and Conflict Studies (second edition) (Sage, 2002); (2) Johan Galtung, Carl G. Jacobson, & Kai Frithjof Brand-Jacobson, Searching for Peace: The Road to TRANSCEND (second edition Pluto, 2002); & (3) Ho-Won Jeong, Peace and Conflict Studies: An Introduction (Ashgate, 2000). 13 References.

In this article, I will first draw attention to the surprising, but ultimately problematic trajectory of peace studies from the period of the Cold War to the present day. This is a trajectory from 'peace' as a critique of dominant geopolitics to one of 'peace' that has become part of the very dominant geopolitics it initially set out to criticise. Secondly, I will map – undoubtedly in cursory and incomplete fashion – the scholarly communities and literatures dealing with questions of peace and conflict. Rather than a literature review or an attempt at synthesis, my purpose is to highlight the broad variety of existing units of analysis, motivations, theories and methodologies of peace and conflict studies. Thirdly, I will propose a number of suggestions for a research attitude that, in absence of a better word, I subsume under the heading of 'critical peace and conflict research', striving to understand peace and conflict as concomitantly subjective and objective, as critique and hegemony, as normative and value-free, as local and global.

This book explores the topic of peace and the long-term survival of the human species. Drawing on Existential Risk Studies (ERS), the book lays out a theoretical framework for drawing new perspectives and approaches for looking toward the future and addressing existential risks related to the complexity and dynamics of conflict. Looking at five research lines in Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS); (1) Great Powers Conflict, (2) Peace, Pandemic, and Conflict, (3) Climate, Peace, and Conflict, (4) Emerging Technologies, Peace, and Conflict and (5) Totalitarianism, the chapters discuss how these lines are defined and discussed, how they are understood in ERS, and what approaches would be beneficial to adapt and integrate into PCS. By drawing on ERS and grounding the discussion in lines of research that will be important to the field of PCS, this book suggests that long-term perspectives are needed in the field, especially in regard to existential risk and their implications of conflict

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2: Foundations -- Peace and Conflict Studies -- Ancient Concerns, Modern Discipline -- Conflict Management, Conflict Resolution, and Conflict Transformation -- Defining Peace and Conflict Studies -- State of the Art -- Existential Risk Studies -- Humanity's Destruction-Thinking About the End -- The Emergence of Existential Risk Studies -- Classifying Risks to Existence -- Challenges of Working on Existential Risks -- References -- Chapter 3: At the Intersection of PCS and ERS -- Prioritization -- Measurement and Time -- Questions for the Future -- Why Is Human Extinction Negative? -- Can There Be Peace Without Us? -- What Is the Purpose of Peace? -- References -- Chapter 4: Great Powers Conflict -- What Is a "Great Power"? -- What Is a Great Power Conflict? -- Why Is It a Problem? -- Great Power Conflict in Existential Risk Studies -- Likelihood and Type of Risk -- How Bad Could It Be? -- Great Powers Conflict in Peace and Conflict Studies -- Conflict Escalation and De-escalation -- Approaches to Prevention and Mitigation of Great Power Conflicts -- Questions for the Future -- References -- Chapter 5: Peace, Pandemics, and Conflict -- Risk Potentials of Pandemics -- Peace, Pandemics, and Conflict -- Peacebuilding in Pandemics -- Questions for the Future -- References -- Chapter 6: Climate Change Peace and Conflict -- Risk Potentials of Climate Change -- Climate Change, Peace, and Conflict -- Climate Change as a Risk Multiplier -- Compounding Effects of Climate Change -- Peacebuilding and Climate Change -- Methods of Mitigating the Risks of Climate Change -- Emissions Reduction -- Geoengineering -- Questions for the Future -- References -- Chapter 7: Emerging Technologies, Risk, Peace, and Conflict -- Defining Emerging Technologies.

Cover -- Half Title -- Dedication -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Foreword to the Series -- Foreword -- Preface -- Introduction -- The Framework of the Book -- Part I: Meanings, Concepts and Discourse -- 1 Challenges for Peace -- Visions of Peace -- Historical Experiences -- Culture and Social Values -- Continuity and Discontinuity -- Zones of Instability -- 2 Concepts of Peace and Violence -- Direct and Structural Violence -- Cultural Violence -- Negative and Positive Peace -- Holistic Conceptions of Peace -- 3 Conflict Analysis -- Structural Conditions -- Conflict and Social Order -- Traditional Management Strategies -- Dispute Settlement and Conflict Resolution -- Conflict Transformation and Peace Building -- 4 Peace Research -- Social Environment -- Evolution of Peace Research -- Nature of Peace Research -- Methods for Inquiry -- Epistemological Foundations -- Policy Orientation -- Levels of Analysis -- Part II: Issues -- 5 Understanding War -- Nature of War -- Human Costs of War -- Types of War -- Post-Colonial Context -- Just War Theory -- 6 Sources of Social Conflict -- Human Nature and Violence -- Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis -- Psychoanalytic Perspectives -- Relative Deprivation -- Basic Needs -- Identity Formation -- Conflict Dynamics in Divided Societies -- 7 Feminist Understandings of Violence -- Violence against Women -- Construction of Gender Identities -- Masculine and Feminine Values -- Patriarchy and Domination -- Feminist Critique of the World Order -- Women and the Military -- Shared Goals of Peace and Feminism -- Reconceptualisation of Security -- 8 Political Economy -- Economic Disparities -- Free Market Economy and Class Relations -- International Capitalism and War -- Economic Integration and Globalisation -- Social Transition -- 9 Environmental Concerns -- Changes in the Environmental System

Developments in mathematics and social theory and in techniques of communication and computation have brought network analysis to a state where it can be practically applied over a broad spectrum. Surprisingly, this mode of analysis has not been adopted by practitioners and scholars of peace and conflict studies to the extent that it ought to be. Examples of types of analysis that could have important applications are given, using network concepts such centrality, structural equivalence, and regular equivalence.

The nature of colonialism is examined in this comparison of British colonial policy in Ireland and Canada toward Indigenous people. The histories and realities of Indigenous peoples' experiences of colonizing violence are not adequately addressed by the dominant approaches of the democratic peace theory's universalist neoliberal technocratic values, expectations, and assumptions (see Mac Ginty, 2013). PACS scholars and practitioners need new interpretive frames to make sense of the impact and consequences of colonialism and the intent of genocidal destruction across different colonial contexts in order to understand the deep roots of conflict (economic exploitation, internalization of oppression, racist ideology), and how we should go about critical and emancipatory peace building, theory building, and practice. The study of colonialism is required to understand conflict milieus characterized by structural violence in order to create a justpeace (see Lederach, 1997) that includes restorative and reconciliatory processes, and recognition of local people's resilience and resistance to structural violence and social injustice (see Chandler, 2017).