The characteristics of the armed conflict in the modern world are given. The role and place of military and special units of the security forces at the border conflict intervention in the peacekeeping force. Described role of internal troops of the security forces in the area divided by military conflict parties. ; 1. Про оборону України [Текст] : Закон України від 06.12.1991 р. № 1933-XII // Відомості Верховної Ради України. – 1992. – № 9. – Ст. 12 (із змінами, внесеними згідно із Законом № 803-VI (803-17) від 25.12.2008 р., ВВР, 2009, № 19).2. Про внутрішні війська МВС України [Текст] : Закон України від 26.03.1992 р. № 2235-ХІІ // Відомості Верховної Ради України. – 1992. – № 29. – Ст. 397 (із змінами, внесеними згідно із законами . № 1381-XIV (1381-14) від 13.01.2000 р.).3. Положення про територіальну оборону України [Текст] : указ Президента України від 27.03.1998 р. № 225 (у ред. від 02.10.2001 р. № 918/2001). – 16 с.4. Шмаков, О. М. Словник офіцера внутрішніх військ з воєнно-наукових питань [Текст] / О. М. Шмаков. –5-те вид.– Х. : Акад. ВВ МВС України, 2009. – 517 с.
The characteristics of the armed conflict in the modern world are given. The role and place of military and special units of the security forces at the border conflict intervention in the peacekeeping force. Described role of internal troops of the security forces in the area divided by military conflict parties. ; 1. Про оборону України [Текст] : Закон України від 06.12.1991 р. № 1933-XII // Відомості Верховної Ради України. – 1992. – № 9. – Ст. 12 (із змінами, внесеними згідно із Законом № 803-VI (803-17) від 25.12.2008 р., ВВР, 2009, № 19).2. Про внутрішні війська МВС України [Текст] : Закон України від 26.03.1992 р. № 2235-ХІІ // Відомості Верховної Ради України. – 1992. – № 29. – Ст. 397 (із змінами, внесеними згідно із законами . № 1381-XIV (1381-14) від 13.01.2000 р.).3. Положення про територіальну оборону України [Текст] : указ Президента України від 27.03.1998 р. № 225 (у ред. від 02.10.2001 р. № 918/2001). – 16 с.4. Шмаков, О. М. Словник офіцера внутрішніх військ з воєнно-наукових питань [Текст] / О. М. Шмаков. –5-те вид.– Х. : Акад. ВВ МВС України, 2009. – 517 с.
Structural relations betweenUkraineand UN which is based on the mutual understanding and readiness for collaboration on questions of peace maintenance in the world problem regions, are considered in the article.UN peacekeeping activity is an important tool in the arsenal of resources for ensuring international stability and security. The primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security is assigned to UN Security Council. The essence of international peacekeeping activities strategy ofUkraineunder the UN control in the theoretical and methodological, political and social aspects are shown. Since its existence, the UN conduct International Peacekeeping Operations, Ukraine also participates in most peacekeeping operations under UN auspices and supports participation in the most states.Ukraine's interests as a founder of the United Nations, an active peacemaker, OSCE member is to find the optimal parameters of peacekeeping, where peacekeeping inUkraineis one of the main areas of preparation and application departments and units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. ; У статті розглянуто конструктивні відносини між Україною й ООН, які базуються на взаєморозумінні й готовності до співробітництва з питань підтримання миру в проблемних регіонах світу. Розкрито суть стратегії міжнародної миротворчої діяльності України під егідою ООН у теоретико-методологічному, політологічному й соціальному аспектах. Показано, що інтереси України як держави-засновниці ООН, активного миротворця, члена ОБСЄ полягають у пошуку оптимальних параметрів миротворчої діяльності, яка в Україні є одним з основних напрямів підготовки та застосування підрозділів і частин Збройних сил України.
The features of the implementation of peacekeeping activities of Ukraine in the framework of the Strategy for International Peacekeeping Activities of Ukraine, approved in 15.06.2009 by № 435/2009 by the President of Ukraine, are examined and the international legal practice of participation of Ukraine in UN peacekeeping operations is analyzed. Taking into account the legal traditions, an assessment of the importance of the participation of Ukrainian Armed forces in peacekeeping operations under the auspices of the UN for Ukraine was made and recommendations were developed to improve the mechanism for legal regulation of the participation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in peacekeeping operations. In 2009, the Decree of the President of Ukraine approved the Strategy of International Peacekeeping Activity of Ukraine, a document that outlines a prospective, strategic vision of further peacekeeping activities of the state and defines "priority goals of state participation in international peacekeeping activities, tasks and mechanisms of realization of national interests in this process". The experience gained in peacekeeping operations abroad over the years has contributed to maintaining the combat capability of the Ukrainian military to gain experience. Ukraine earns political and image dividends by participating in peacekeeping operations, which include support for bilateral relations with coalition members and countries in the region; the opportunity to promote their military equipment and equipment in international markets and more. Today it is necessary to review the Strategy for Peacekeeping Activities of Ukraine and pay attention to the following issues: increasing the level of involvement in the System for creation and determination of the readiness of forces for participation in the UN peacekeeping and security operations; expanding the use and creation of multinational peacekeeping contingents; participation of Ukraine in EU peacekeeping operations; issues of peacekeeping training of international contingents on the territory of Ukraine. The research in the article is devoted to the issue of prospects of Ukrainian peacekeeping activities and ways of improving the mechanism of legal regulation of the participation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in peacekeeping operations. ; Розглянуто особливості миротворчої діяльності України згідно з Указом Президента України від 15.06.2009 р. № 435/2009 "Про Стратегію міжнародної миротворчої діяльності Україниˮ і проаналізовано міжнародно-правову практику участі України у миротворчих операціях ООН. З урахуванням правових традицій проведено оцінку значення для України участі її Збройних Сил у миротворчих операціях під егідою ООН і розроблено рекомендації щодо вдосконалення механізму правового регулювання участі Збройних Сил України у миротворчих операціях.
The article is devoted to examining the administrative, legal and practical issues of Ukraine's participation in UN international peacekeeping operations. It is established that Ukraine, as the founding state of the UN, began to participate in peacekeeping operations only after the proclamation of independence in 1992. The author notes that the history of the formation in Ukraine of the administrative and legal basis of peacekeeping activities begins on July 3, 1992 with the adoption by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of Resolution no. 2538-XII "On the participation of the battalions of the armed forces of Ukraine in the UN peacekeeping operation in the conflict zones on the territory of the former Yugoslavia". It is also noted that Ukrainian contingents have been involved in UN peacekeeping operations. It is noteworthy that today Ukraine itself needs assistance in resolving the conflict in the east of the country through international peacekeeping measures in connection with a violation of its territorial integrity by a permanent member state of the UN Security Council.
У статті аналізуються територіальні та інші особливості миротворчих акцій, в яких брали участь Збройні Сили України, починаючи від 1991 року і по сьогоднішній день. Наводяться кількісні параметри використання військовослужбовців і військової техніки. ; The article analyzes the territorial and other features of peacekeeping operations in which the Armed Forces of Ukraine participated from 1991 to the present day. The quantitative parameters of the use of military personnel and military equipment are given.
In this paper the author performs analysis of United Nations peacekeeping legal regulation. The author's goal ‒ to analyze legal basis of different kinds of peacekeeping operations, fundamental peacekeeping principles and disclose typical problems in practice. The work is divided in two parts. First part begins with section devoted to historical development of peacekeeping missions ‒ from the Cold War to the present, and classification of peacekeeping missions. In the second section the author analyses legal basis of different types of peacekeeping operations. The third section comprises separation of powers of the main United Nations organs, while conducting security policy. Furthermore, the author analyses The Charter of The United Nations and the practice of The International Court of Justice. The fourth section consists of content analysis of three substantial peacekeeping principles. In the second part the practical peacekeeping challenges are analysed. The author reviews Official United Nations documents and raises problems related to application of legal basis and fundamental principles of traditional peacekeeping in Congo and wider peacekeeping operations in Bosnia and Afghanistan. The second part is concluded by legal analysis of Lithuanian participation in peacekeeping operations: a) national legislation related to the participation in peacekeeping operations b) Lithuania's leadership in one of Afghanistan province – Ghor ‒ reconstruction. At the end, the author represents final conclusions of the analysis of legal basis and practical problems. The most frequent problem is the breach of fundamental peacekeeping principles when forces used exceed the necessary amount and are inadequate to situation on the ground.
In this paper the author performs analysis of United Nations peacekeeping legal regulation. The author's goal ‒ to analyze legal basis of different kinds of peacekeeping operations, fundamental peacekeeping principles and disclose typical problems in practice. The work is divided in two parts. First part begins with section devoted to historical development of peacekeeping missions ‒ from the Cold War to the present, and classification of peacekeeping missions. In the second section the author analyses legal basis of different types of peacekeeping operations. The third section comprises separation of powers of the main United Nations organs, while conducting security policy. Furthermore, the author analyses The Charter of The United Nations and the practice of The International Court of Justice. The fourth section consists of content analysis of three substantial peacekeeping principles. In the second part the practical peacekeeping challenges are analysed. The author reviews Official United Nations documents and raises problems related to application of legal basis and fundamental principles of traditional peacekeeping in Congo and wider peacekeeping operations in Bosnia and Afghanistan. The second part is concluded by legal analysis of Lithuanian participation in peacekeeping operations: a) national legislation related to the participation in peacekeeping operations b) Lithuania's leadership in one of Afghanistan province – Ghor ‒ reconstruction. At the end, the author represents final conclusions of the analysis of legal basis and practical problems. The most frequent problem is the breach of fundamental peacekeeping principles when forces used exceed the necessary amount and are inadequate to situation on the ground.
After the end of the Cold War and the formation of a multipolar world Scandinavian countries have chosen different ways, but one goal – to ensure the highest level of defense andsecurity in the region Northern Europe. Mastery of these countries in military peacekeeping missions during the Cold War provided the Scandinavian countries is not right to be the best in this area and the sharing of experiences with the countries that need modernizing the military. HighTrust international organizations to peacekeeping forces Scandinavians contributes to the further improvement and development of new models of high-quality military cooperation of different states to more successful peacekeeping missions in places of crises and conflcts.Nordic cooperation in security and defense found its embodiment in such models as cooperation NORDSAMFN (even during the Cold War), NORDCAPS and NORDEFKO. Transformation towards expansion and modernization of each of these associations took place based on a constant search for the most effective mechanisms to ensure a high level of coordination of military Scandinavia.An example of successful cooperation in the defense fild in northern Europe is NORDEFKO.The overall goal NORDEFCO on the military level – cooperation across the spectrum of defense structures to ensure greater cost effiiency and thus achieve the best quality. It means to have the ability to combine the individual possibilities to prevent any crisis. The aim is also combined with effective contribution to international efforts to ensure peace and security. Deep and comprehensive cooperation between the Nordic countries will increase its contribution to the development of peacekeeping forces and contribute to the consolidation efforts of the EU, NATO and the UN to stabilize conflct situations and possible prevention.Today the transformation of the international system and face new security challenges, as peace and world stability is one of the key requirements for today that the Scandinavian countries have very constructive opinion ; После окончания холодной войны и становления многополярного мира страны Скандинавии выбрали разные пути, но одну цель – обеспечение высокого уровня обороноспособности и безопасности в регионе Северной Европы. Доверие международных организаций к миротворческим контингентам скандинавов способствует дальнейшему совершенствованию и выработке новых качественных моделей сотрудничества военных разных стран для успешного выполнения миротворческих миссий в местах кризисов и конфликтов ; Після завершення холодної війни та становлення багатополярного світу країни Скандинавії обрали різні шляхи, але одну мету – забезпечення найвищого рівня обороноздатності та безпеки у регіоні Північної Європи. Довіра міжнародних організацій до миротворчих контингентів скандинавів сприяє подальшому вдосконаленню та виробленню нових якісних моделей співпраці військових різних держав задля успішнішого виконання миротворчих місій у місцях криз та конфліктів.
The directions of scientific research in the field of operational use of the forces of the security and defense sector of the state are considered. These areas are associated with the military-political situation, which is developing both in Ukraine and around it. The article analyzes the armed confrontation in the East of Ukraine with the assumption of its possible escalation. Regarding the positional combat operations continuing in the East of Ukraine, the urgency of establishing a connection between the cause of the emergence of this form of action (with its inherent features) and their stable duration and the continuing threat of their escalation is indicated. The article expresses fears of the emergence and development of crisis events in potentially crisis regions of Ukraine with their further escalation. An assumption is made about the development of these events according to the scheme: "provoking an internal political conflict of a regional scale" ‒ "an attempt to destroy the foundations of public order" ‒ "an extreme aggravation of an internal political conflict against the background of mass riots" ‒ "provoking the emergence and escalation of an internal armed conflict" ‒ "provoking civil war" ‒ "the emergence of an armed conflict of an international nature (possibly a local or regional war with the participation of Ukraine as a result of the intervention of external forces " ‒ "the introduction of peacekeeping forces into Ukraine". The urgency of the study of the driving forces of these events, their organizational forms, as well as the forms and ways of realizing their intentions at each stage is substantiated. The relevance of the development of a complex of operations of the security and defense sector of the state, as well as the appropriate methods of their implementation with an adequate response at each stage of the development of crisis events, is indicated. The article provides and analyzes examples of domestic developments in the field of military art with reference to the corresponding accumulated international experience. ; Окреслено актуальні напрями наукових досліджень у сфері оперативного застосування сил сектору безпеки і оборони держави, які пов'язуються із суспільно-політичною обстановкою, що складається в Україні, та геополітичною ситуацією навколо неї. Здійснено аналіз збройного протиборства на сході України з припущенням його можливої ескалації. Наведено і проаналізовано приклади вітчизняних напрацювань у сфері воєнного мистецтва, що пов'язані з концепціями застосування військ (сил).
The directions of scientific research in the field of operational use of the forces of the security and defense sector of the state are considered. These areas are associated with the military-political situation, which is developing both in Ukraine and around it. The article analyzes the armed confrontation in the East of Ukraine with the assumption of its possible escalation. Regarding the positional combat operations continuing in the East of Ukraine, the urgency of establishing a connection between the cause of the emergence of this form of action (with its inherent features) and their stable duration and the continuing threat of their escalation is indicated. The article expresses fears of the emergence and development of crisis events in potentially crisis regions of Ukraine with their further escalation. An assumption is made about the development of these events according to the scheme: "provoking an internal political conflict of a regional scale" ‒ "an attempt to destroy the foundations of public order" ‒ "an extreme aggravation of an internal political conflict against the background of mass riots" ‒ "provoking the emergence and escalation of an internal armed conflict" ‒ "provoking civil war" ‒ "the emergence of an armed conflict of an international nature (possibly a local or regional war with the participation of Ukraine as a result of the intervention of external forces " ‒ "the introduction of peacekeeping forces into Ukraine". The urgency of the study of the driving forces of these events, their organizational forms, as well as the forms and ways of realizing their intentions at each stage is substantiated. The relevance of the development of a complex of operations of the security and defense sector of the state, as well as the appropriate methods of their implementation with an adequate response at each stage of the development of crisis events, is indicated. The article provides and analyzes examples of domestic developments in the field of military art with reference to the corresponding accumulated international experience. ; Окреслено актуальні напрями наукових досліджень у сфері оперативного застосування сил сектору безпеки і оборони держави, які пов'язуються із суспільно-політичною обстановкою, що складається в Україні, та геополітичною ситуацією навколо неї. Здійснено аналіз збройного протиборства на сході України з припущенням його можливої ескалації. Наведено і проаналізовано приклади вітчизняних напрацювань у сфері воєнного мистецтва, що пов'язані з концепціями застосування військ (сил).
The main objective of this study is to analyze how public diplomacy implemented in peacekeeping operations by the Lithuanian army representatives influences country's image. The subject gives a rise to a problem which needs a deeper analysis: it is vital to find out if attention drawn to public diplomacy by the state officials is sufficient, to consider the benefit it brings to the image formation process. In pursuance of purposeful analysis it is necessary to define the limits of the research – this study does not analyze all peacekeeping operations but focuses only on the NATO-led international operations in which Lithuanian soldiers are employed, i.e. the operations of Afghanistan, Iraq and Kosovo. The Kosovo operation is already finished for us as the last squad was sent on 2009, but the participation in this mission still has an influence to Lithuania's image. This study presents the conception of public diplomacy, characterizes its main dimensions and instruments, analyzes the influence of public diplomacy on shaping an external and internal country image and reveals how the participation of Lithuanian army representatives in international peacekeeping operations contributes to the image of the state. The survey data comparisons and analysis of the results showed a public confidence in Lithuanian Armed Forces and support to country's membership in NATO. Although citizens witness the negative aspects of partaking in peacekeeping operations, i.e. an increase in spending of the state budget, threats to the employed relatives, psychological inconvenience emerging because of the separation of families for a half year etc., but all in all Lithuania's participation in NATO operations are supported and welcomed by the citizens. The results confirmed the hypothesis that Lithuanian peacekeepers are shaping a positive attitude to the country in the society, promote pride in their own state and contribute to national image building. The boom of public diplomacy was stimulated by innovations in communication technologies, political revolutions that induced many autocratic countries become democratic, and revolution in the arena of international relations, which showed that national image and reputation has become as important as military power or economic opportunities. An analysis of the benefits of public diplomacy in national image formation should encourage discussions about the use of this communication tool for the best effect in Lithuania's image building.
The main objective of this study is to analyze how public diplomacy implemented in peacekeeping operations by the Lithuanian army representatives influences country's image. The subject gives a rise to a problem which needs a deeper analysis: it is vital to find out if attention drawn to public diplomacy by the state officials is sufficient, to consider the benefit it brings to the image formation process. In pursuance of purposeful analysis it is necessary to define the limits of the research – this study does not analyze all peacekeeping operations but focuses only on the NATO-led international operations in which Lithuanian soldiers are employed, i.e. the operations of Afghanistan, Iraq and Kosovo. The Kosovo operation is already finished for us as the last squad was sent on 2009, but the participation in this mission still has an influence to Lithuania's image. This study presents the conception of public diplomacy, characterizes its main dimensions and instruments, analyzes the influence of public diplomacy on shaping an external and internal country image and reveals how the participation of Lithuanian army representatives in international peacekeeping operations contributes to the image of the state. The survey data comparisons and analysis of the results showed a public confidence in Lithuanian Armed Forces and support to country's membership in NATO. Although citizens witness the negative aspects of partaking in peacekeeping operations, i.e. an increase in spending of the state budget, threats to the employed relatives, psychological inconvenience emerging because of the separation of families for a half year etc., but all in all Lithuania's participation in NATO operations are supported and welcomed by the citizens. The results confirmed the hypothesis that Lithuanian peacekeepers are shaping a positive attitude to the country in the society, promote pride in their own state and contribute to national image building. The boom of public diplomacy was stimulated by innovations in communication technologies, political revolutions that induced many autocratic countries become democratic, and revolution in the arena of international relations, which showed that national image and reputation has become as important as military power or economic opportunities. An analysis of the benefits of public diplomacy in national image formation should encourage discussions about the use of this communication tool for the best effect in Lithuania's image building.
The main objective of this study is to analyze how public diplomacy implemented in peacekeeping operations by the Lithuanian army representatives influences country's image. The subject gives a rise to a problem which needs a deeper analysis: it is vital to find out if attention drawn to public diplomacy by the state officials is sufficient, to consider the benefit it brings to the image formation process. In pursuance of purposeful analysis it is necessary to define the limits of the research – this study does not analyze all peacekeeping operations but focuses only on the NATO-led international operations in which Lithuanian soldiers are employed, i.e. the operations of Afghanistan, Iraq and Kosovo. The Kosovo operation is already finished for us as the last squad was sent on 2009, but the participation in this mission still has an influence to Lithuania's image. This study presents the conception of public diplomacy, characterizes its main dimensions and instruments, analyzes the influence of public diplomacy on shaping an external and internal country image and reveals how the participation of Lithuanian army representatives in international peacekeeping operations contributes to the image of the state. The survey data comparisons and analysis of the results showed a public confidence in Lithuanian Armed Forces and support to country's membership in NATO. Although citizens witness the negative aspects of partaking in peacekeeping operations, i.e. an increase in spending of the state budget, threats to the employed relatives, psychological inconvenience emerging because of the separation of families for a half year etc., but all in all Lithuania's participation in NATO operations are supported and welcomed by the citizens. The results confirmed the hypothesis that Lithuanian peacekeepers are shaping a positive attitude to the country in the society, promote pride in their own state and contribute to national image building. The boom of public diplomacy was stimulated by innovations in communication technologies, political revolutions that induced many autocratic countries become democratic, and revolution in the arena of international relations, which showed that national image and reputation has become as important as military power or economic opportunities. An analysis of the benefits of public diplomacy in national image formation should encourage discussions about the use of this communication tool for the best effect in Lithuania's image building.
Постановка проблеми. Залишаються невирішеними ряд міжнародно-правових питань щодо розгортання миротворчої операції на сході України: легітимізація миротворчої операції, комплектування миротворчого контингенту.Для ООН прийнятним є розміщення миротворчих сил на міжнародно-визнаному кордоні України і РФ. Це дозволить припинити підтримку сепаратистів з російської території. Позиція РФ полягає в розділі конфліктуючих сторін за фактичною лінії зіткнення. Це означає, що потенційні миротворці, якщо будуть спрямовані в зону конфлікту, з'являться в глибині української території. Їх присутність матиме "заморожуючу" функцію і не дозволить Збройним Силам України проводити заходи щодо забезпечення національної безпеки і оборони, повернення контролю над тимчасово окупованими територіями в Донецькій і Луганській областях.Існує два основних типи операцій ООН:- peacekeeping вимагає документованої згоди сторін конфлікту, може бути проведена регіональними організаціями, у взаємодії з ООН або самостійно; при цьому мандат ООН є бажаним, але його може і не бути;- peace enforcement вимагає наявності мандата СБ ООН, проте не вимагає згоди сторін конфлікту.Інша група проблем пов'язана з виділенням миротворчих контингентів. Регіон, який перейшов під контроль окупаційної адміністрації, оголошений "районом здійснення заходів щодо забезпечення національної безпеки і оборони, відсічі і стримування збройної агресії Російської Федерації в Донецькій і Луганській областях". Це виключає ООН з числа потенційних регуляторів, або вимагає використання замість контингентів ООН, підрозділів регіональних організацій. Власне, в даному регіоні таких боєздатних контингентів всього три: Сили реагування НАТО, оперативно-тактичні з'єднання Євросоюзу (CJTF), Колективні миротворчі сили ОДКБ.Висновки. Таким чином, для вирішення конкретних завдань в контексті конфлікту на Сході України не підійде звичайна миротворча операція або політична місія ООН, а потрібно саме створення індивідуального партнерства сил різних організацій і, можливо, окремих держав. Таке партнерство може включати політико-дипломатичну місію ООН і ОБСЄ, а у встановленні гарантованого поділу і насильницького розведення важких озброєнь сторін буде спиратися на компоненти різнотипних сил кризового реагування НАТО, ЄС і ОДКБ. Така комбінація силових компонентів має сенс тільки в разі повної імплементації мінських домовленостей. ; Постановка проблемы. Остаются нерешенными ряд международно-правовых вопросов по развертыванию миротворческой операции на востоке Украины: легитимизация миротворческой операции, комплектование миротворческого контингента.Для ООН приемлемым является размещение миротворческих сил на международно-признанной границе Украины и РФ. Это позволит прекратить поддержку сепаратистов с российской территории. Позиция РФ состоит в разделе конфликтующих сторон по фактической линии соприкосновения. Это означает, что потенциальные миротворцы, если будут направлены в зону конфликта, появятся в глубине украинской территории. Их присутствие будет иметь "замораживающую" функцию и не позволит Вооруженным Силам Украины проводить мероприятия по обеспечению национальной безопасности и обороны, возвращению контроля над временно оккупированными территориями в Донецкой и Луганской областях.Существует два основных типа операций ООН:peacekeeping ‑ требует документированной согласия сторон конфликта, может быть проведена региональными организациями, во взаимодействии с ООН или самостоятельно; при этом мандат ООН является желательным, но его может и не быть;peace enforcement ‑ требует наличия мандата СБ ООН, однако не требует согласия сторон конфликта.Другая группа проблем связана с выделением миротворческих контингентов. Регион, который перешел под контроль оккупационной администрации, объявлен "районом осуществления мероприятий по обеспечению национальной безопасности и обороны, отпора и сдерживания вооруженной агрессии Российской Федерации в Донецкой и Луганской областях". Это исключает ООН из числа потенциальных регуляторов, или требует использования вместо контингентов ООН, подразделений региональных организаций ‑ собственно, в данном регионе таких боеспособных контингентов всего три: Силы реагирования НАТО, оперативно-тактические соединения Евросоюза (CJTF), Коллективные миротворческие силы ОДКБ.Выводы. Таким образом, для решения конкретных задач в контексте конфликта на Востоке Украины не подойдет обычная миротворческая операция или политическая миссия ООН, а нужно именно создание индивидуального партнерства сил различных организаций и, возможно, отдельных государств. Такое партнерство может включать политико-дипломатическую миссию ООН и ОБСЕ, а в установлении гарантированного разделения и насильственного разведения тяжелых вооружений сторон будет опираться на компоненты разнотипных сил кризисного реагирования НАТО, ЕС и ОДКБ. Такая комбинация силовых компонентов имеет смысл только в случае полной имплементации минских договоренностей. ; Formulation of the problem. A number of international legal issues on the deployment of a peacekeeping operation in the east ofUkraine remain unresolved: who and on what line the peacekeeping contingent should share, the legitimization of the peacekeeping operation, the manning of the peacekeeping contingent.Presenting main material. It is acceptable for the United Nations to deploy peacekeeping forces on the internationally recognized border ofUkraine and theRussian Federation. This will stop the support of the separatists from the Russian territory. The position of the RF consists in the division of the conflicting sides according to the actual line of contact. This means that potential peacekeepers, if sent to the conflict zone, will appear in the depth of Ukrainian territory. Their presence will have a "freezing" function and will not allow the Armed Forces of Ukraine to carry out measures to ensure national security and defense, the return of control over temporarily occupied territories in theDonetsk and Lugansk regions.There are two main types of UN operations:- peacekeeping - requires the documented consent of the parties to the conflict, can be carried out by regional organizations, in cooperation with the UN or independently; the UN mandate is desirable, but it may not be;- peace enforcement - requires the existence of a UN Security Council mandate, but does not require the consent of the parties to the conflict.Another group of problems relates to the allocation of peacekeeping contingents. The region, which came under the control of the occupation administration, was declared "the area of implementation of measures to ensure national security and defense, repelling and deterring the armed aggression of theRussian FederationinDonetskand Lugansk regions." This excludes the UN from among the potential regulators, or requires the use of regional organizations instead of UN contingents, in fact, there are only three combat-capable contingents in this region: the NATO Response Force, the European Union Operational and Tactical Union (CJTF), the CSTO Collective Peacekeeping Forces.Conclusions. Thus, for the solution of specific tasks in the context of the conflict in the East of Ukraine, the usual peacekeeping operation or UN political mission is not suitable, but it is precisely the creation of an individual partnership of the forces of various organizations and, possibly, individual states. Such a partnership can include a political and diplomatic mission of the UN and the OSCE, and will rely on the components of the NATO, EU and CSTO crisis response forces to establish the guaranteed separation and violent development of the heavy weapons of the parties. Such a combination of power components makes sense only in the case of full implementation of Minsk agreements.
