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Raguel's Vita vel passio sancti Pelagii (c. 967) and Hroswitha of Gandersheim's poem (10th century) devoted to Pelagius are keywords for the creation of an European literary and symbolic space against Muslims. Both texts were born in a crossroad of religious, political and sexual passions. This article analyses their foundational status in order to understand Christian first imaginaire related to the construction of a virile "Reconquista", which will underline, in literature and historiography, feminine and sodomitic features in many Jew and Muslim men (but also suspicious Christian) in Iberian Middle Ages.

According to St. Augustine's (354-430) literal reading of the myth of Adam's "fall", sin is transmitted to all humanity and leaves an uncontrollable inclination to sin. Salvation from this "original sin" can be achieved only by the grace of God, but the grace of God was mediated exclusively by the orthodox Roman church through the administration of the sacraments. One of the so-called "heretics" who was prepared to speak out against this authoritarian form of church "orthodoxy" was the Celtic monk Pelagius (360-c.420). He denied that sin is transmitted at birth. He claimed that sin was the result of an act of the will, choosing evil over good – and that divine grace cannot perfect humankind's sanctity without the exercise of one's own free will. Even though science and biblical textual criticism have prompted a new search for coherence between modernity and the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, some, or other form of the doctrine of original sin is still being propounded in most Christian denominations today. In view of the tragic baggage that Christianity must bear, the question is raised regarding whether Pelagius's insistence on the choice to exercise free will for good through a Christ-like life would not have led to a more psychologically healthy and effective Christianity? This article employs a History-of-Religion's methodology to probe the politico-cultural historical context during St. Augustine's lifetime to understand how it came about that the doctrine of original sin was established. This article hypothesises that the possibility (as claimed by Rowan Williams). of a "normative" Christianity containing "an interwoven plurality of perspectives on what was transacted in Jerusalem" is only achievable if the pre-Darwinian doctrine of inborn sin is relinquished in favour of Pelagius's insistence on accountability through an effort of will for good sustained by the grace of God.

[EN] Through this communication we want to present a renewed reading of one of the most important works of Spanish painting of the sixteenth century: the altarpiece of San Pelayo by Maestro Becerril, located in the Cathedral of Malaga. This renewed reading focuses not so much on what the artistic historical tradition has said about it (incorporation of elements from the Italian Renaissance tradition in the form of architectural elements and mythological legends) but on how the legend of the martyrdom of San Pelayo has served to To construct the sexual norm in diverse moments of the history of the Spanish State. For this, we must remember what this legend consists of: According to sources contemporary to the martyrdom (10th century), Pelayo was martyred to death for not succumbing to the libidinous desires of Caliph Abderramán III. Thus the young martyr became a symbol of the virtue of Christian chastity in the face of the nefarious sin represented by the greatest political and religious figure of the Muslims, Caliph Abderraman III. The limits of this communication force us to focus on a specific historical moment: the arrival of the altarpiece of San Pelayo to the Cathedral of Malaga from Becerril de Campos (Palencia) in the context of the 1 40s. In order to offer the renewed reading that we announced above we will start with the numerous studies (most of them AnglomSaxons) which, starting with queer theory, are helping to renew the discipline of art history. Analyzing the arrival of the altarpiece of San Pelayo to Malaga from the perspective queer leads us to understand the meaning of the work within the context of the sexual politics of the time, from which the images of the altarpiece take on a new meaning. ; [ES] A través de esta comunicación queremos presentar una lectura renovada de una de las obras más importantes de la pintura española del siglo XVI: el retablo de San Pelayo del Maestro de Becerril, situado en la Catedral de Málaga. Esta lectura renovada se centra no tanto en lo que la tradición ...

The process that gave rise to the birth of political identities in the Iberian Peninsula were based on a hierarchy of milestones and protagonists-both real and legendary-which formed during the Middle Ages and remained alive and well into the Modern Age. One of the figures who repeatedly features in the memory of the Iberian Peninsular is "Don Pelayo". The shadowy northern leader-either Asturian or Visigoth-has travelled the roads of historiography, political literature and even popular romances and theatre, to become a cornerstone in the origins of the Spanish Monarchy during the Early Modern Age. This article focuses on the figure of Pelagius of Asturias in a bid to understand the construction of political imagines among Portuguese aristocrats, genealogists and writers during the Crisis of 1640. Synoptic reading of their works offers potential new approaches for studying the history of the Early Middle Ages during the emergence of Gothicism, the conflict between Philip IV and John IV, the creative processes at work in historical argumentation regarding one of the theoretical fathers of the Iberian nations and, above all, a model for reforming declining monarchies, held to the mirror of "Restoration Spain". ; Los procesos de gestación de identidades políticas en la península ibérica se fundamentaron en una jerarquía de hitos y protagonistas que, entre la realidad y la leyenda, tomaron cuerpo durante el Medievo y perduraron con vitalidad hasta la Edad Contemporánea. Uno de los sujetos que reiteradamente aparecieron en los anaqueles de la memoria hispana fue «don Pelayo». El oscuro caudillo norteño —bien astur, bien hispanogodo— vadeó los caminos de la historiografía, la literatura política e, incluso, los romances populares y el teatro para convertirse en la piedra angular de los orígenes de la Monarquía de España durante la Edad Moderna. El presente artículo utilizará la figura de Pelayo de Asturias para comprender la construcción de imágenes políticas entre aristócratas, genealogistas y tratadistas portugueses durante la crisis de 1640. El estudio sinóptico de sus producciones escritas abrirá nuevas perspectivas para afrontar el estudio del pasado altomedieval durante la eclosión del goticismo, el conflicto entre Felipe IV y João IV y los procesos creativos de argumentación histórica sobre uno de los teóricos padres de las naciones ibéricas y, sobre todo, un modelo de reformación de monarquías en declive ante el espejo de la «restauración de España» ; Este estudio forma parte del proyecto «Failure: Reversing the Genealogies of Unsuccess, 16th-19th Centuries» (H2020-MSCA-RISE, Grant Agreement: 823998), dentro de las líneas de trabajo establecidas en el WP4 «Unsuccessful polities, from Empire to Nations, and Internal Relationships», financiado por the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. En su preparación ha sido fundamental la investigación documental y las actividades científicas vinculadas a una estancia José Castillejo para jóvenes doctores (CAS17-00062), financiada por el Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte del Gobierno de España y desarrollada en el Centro de História d'Aquém e d'Além-Mar de la Universidade Nova de Lisboa, bajo supervisión del profesor Pedro Cardim

Discusses the debate between John Locke & the Remonstrants, especially Dutch theologians Philippus van Limborch, Jacobus Arminius, & Simon Episcopius, in the 17th century. The Remonstrants' concepts of indifference & the freedom of indifference are presented, & implications on theological & political ideals as found in the work of Ugo Grozio, Cornelius de Witt, & Adriaan van Paets are identified. Despite their strong friendship & intellectual affinities, Locke & van Limborch were sharply divided on the issues of indifference in relation to the will & free judgment of man. An appendix reproduces the English text of Pelagius redivivus, or Pelagius Raked Out of the Ashes by Arminius & His Schollers (1626), written originally in Latin by English clerics supportive of Augustinianism, & drawing parallels between Remonstrant (Arminian) doctrines & those of Pelagius. Accusations of heterodoxy against Remonstrant doctrine were nourished by this work that proposed the Remonstrants' polemical assimilation of the heresy of Pelagius. 1 Appendix. J. Sadler

This book introduces and translates Sedulius Scottus` Prologue to his Collectaneum in Apostolum and his commentaries on Galatians and Ephesians. The introduction outlines the historical context of composition, identifies Sedulius` literary model - Servius, explains pertinent philological and stylistic issues of Sedulius` Latin, explores his use of exegetical and theological sources - predominantly Jerome, Augustine, and Pelagius. In tracing the reception of Jerome, Augustine, and Pelagius, Sedulius reveals himself as an erudite theologian as he harmonizes these three men`s sometimes discordant voices.

8 Climate Remediation to Address Social Development ChallengesEthics of Framing and Rhetoric; 9 Insurance Policy or Technological Fix? The Ethical Implications of Framing Solar Radiation Management; 10 Public Concerns about the Ethics of Solar Radiation Management; The Cultural Milieu; 11 The Setting of the Scene; 12 Between Babel and Pelagius; 13 Making Climates; Bibliography; Index; Contributors.

Both religion and anarchism have been increasingly politically active of late. This edited volume presents twelve chapters of fresh scholarship on diverse facets of the area where they meet: religious anarchism. The book is structured along three themes: early Christian anarchist "pioneers," including Pelagius, Coppe, Hungarian Nazarenes, and Dutch Christian anarchists; Christian anarchist reflections on specific topics such as Kierkegaardian indifference, Romans 13, Dalit religious pra

Paul and the mystery of Israel's salvation -- The Pauline legacy: from Origen to Pelagius -- The Latin West, from Augustine to Luther and Calvin -- Antichrist and the Jews in early Christianity -- Jews and the many faces of Antichrist in the Middle Ages -- Antichrist and Jews in literature, drama, and visual arts -- Honorius Augustodunensis, the Song of songs, and Synagoga Conversa -- Jewish converts and Christian salvation: Pablo de Santa María, Bishop of Burgos -- Puritans, Jews, and the end of days.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Introduction: The Self, the Other, and Everything in Between: Xenological Phenomenology of the Middle Ages -- Chapter 1 The Saracen and the Martyr: Embracing the Foreign in Hrotsvit's Pelagius -- Chapter 2 Foreigner, Foe, and Neighbor: The Religious Cult as a Forum For Political Reconciliation -- Chapter 3 Hungarians as Vremde in Medieval Germany -- Chapter 4 The Face of the Foreigner in Medieval German Courtly Literature

The paper is dvoted to interdisciplinary research at the intersection of symbolic logic, mathematical ethics, and philosophical theology. By comparing definitions of relevant functions, a surprising analogy is discovered between the well-known Philo's precise definition of implication in logic (classical one) and Augustine's precise definition of God's morally good reaction to human actions. The moral-value-table-representation of Augustinian doctrine is compared with moral-value-table-representations of Pelagius' and Leo Tolstoy's views of adequate moral-response-actions.

The present text addresses one of the stages of the controversy over grace and freedom originated by Pelagius and Saint Augustine. The protagonists of this stage are Leszek Kołakowski and Józef Tischner. As he was reconstructing the 17th-century debates between Jansenists and Molinists, Kołakowski posed a question about the relevance in: of this controversy for the contemporary times. Tischner, as he was critical of Kołakowski's views, put forward his own solution to the problem of grace and freedom, which was in line with the thought of Saint Augustine. In the present text I place Tischner's dispute with Kołakowski against the backdrop of earlier stages of the controversy, and I discuss the views held by both the thinkers. I also attempt to resolve this dispute and point to its significance for the philosophy of education and the philosophy of politics. ; The present text addresses one of the stages of the controversy over grace and freedom originated by Pelagius and Saint Augustine. The protagonists of this stage are Leszek Kołakowski and Józef Tischner. As he was reconstructing the 17th-century debates between Jansenists and Molinists, Kołakowski posed a question about the relevance in: of this controversy for the contemporary times. Tischner, as he was critical of Kołakowski's views, put forward his own solution to the problem of grace and freedom, which was in line with the thought of Saint Augustine. In the present text I place Tischner's dispute with Kołakowski against the backdrop of earlier stages of the controversy, and I discuss the views held by both the thinkers. I also attempt to resolve this dispute and point to its significance for the philosophy of education and the philosophy of politics.

Abstract. In recent years economic theory has been used to analyze the introduction of new religious doctrines as innovations that further the objectives of religious organizations and their leaders. The present study analyzes the decision of church authorities in the early fifth century to reject the doctrine advanced by Pelagius in favor of the position taken by Augustine. Accounts of the controversy reveal two self‐interested motives for the church hierarchy to reject the Pelagian doctrine: (1) the Pelagian view would have undermined the authority of the church hierarchy; and (2) by making greater demands for moral conduct, it would have raised the "cost" of being a Christian and thereby discouraged growth in church membership, particularly among the Roman upper class.

Part I. Overview: The market as god -- Theologians and economists -- How the market became divine -- How the market god creates people -- Biblical sources of the conflict with the market god: usury and phishing -- Biblical sources of the conflict with the market god II, a festival of redistribution, the jubilee year chapter -- Part II. Disorders and infirmities: Top heavy short circuits -- Big, big banks and big, big churches -- Part III. History: following the money: The bishop and the monk: Augustine and Pelagius -- Adam Smith: founder and patron saint? -- Adam Smith: theologian and prophet? -- Banker, philosopher, trickster, writer -- The breath of god and the market geist -- "Go ye into all the world" (or at least into every emerging market) -- The liturgical year of the market god -- All desires known -- The market god and the end of the world -- Saving the soul of the market