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Fourteenth-century Peloponnese was made up of several Latin states and dominant Venetian colonies, remnants of the Fourth Crusade; the only Byzantine territory was the Despotate of Morea. Its rulers, the despots, always trusted kinsmen of the emperor, followed the policies of Constantinople while trying to carve a separate political and diplomatic path. The protagonist of this paper is Theodore I Palaeologus (1382-1407), brother of the emperor Manuel II (1391-1425). Through the observation of his reign in Morea, the reader can take a glimpse at the empire's situation at the time, which was defined by the irreversible expansion of its enemies and the on-going dynastic struggles that led to the political, social and economic collapse of the Byzantine state. Upon his arrival, Theodore had to cope with the rebellious Byzantine ruling class, who preferred their independence instead of abiding to the beadings of the central administration. That problem, still present until his death, forced him to make sporadic compromises and superficial coalitions, usually without benefit. Among his Latin allies were Nerio Acciaiuoli, the despot's father-in-law, Venice and the Hospitallers of Rhodes. Besides the Latins, whose help proved inadequate, Theodore turned to the swiftly rising Ottoman sultans. Although at first, the Ottomans suppressed the internal opposition of the despot, soon they became the most significant threat, not only for the Peloponnese, but for the rest of the failing Byzantine Empire. In the long run, Theodore, from an "ally" of Murād I (1361-1389), turned out to be a liegeman of Bāyezīd I (1389-1402). This study, based on contemporary Byzantine sources and modern bibliography, aims to roughly present Theodore's foreign affairs and his co-existence in the Peloponnese with the Latins and the Ottoman Turks, either as friends or as foes.

Genetic erosion of landraces is increasing worldwide, however there are still regions rich in landrace biodiversity, such as islands and mountainous isolated areas. Defining the reasons of landrace abandonment in these areas, as well as collecting and preserving landraces, is of outmost importance. In this context, the Agricultural University of Athens organized missions in 53 villages of Arcadia, a prefecture rich in floral biodiversity and variable climatic conditions and topography. The aim was to collect samples of the on-farm (in-situ) conserved annual crop landraces and record the location of perennial crop local varieties. Since traditional knowledge and practices have been playing a vital role in the survival of landraces and local varieties, information was obtained through personal interviews with locals using semi-structured questionnaires. Even though the number of accessions collected from Arcadia has been reduced (141 samples) compared to previous collections and genetic erosion is advancing dramatically for cereals and pulses, a significant number of landraces is still cultivated by the locals. The reasons of landrace abandonment were other sources of occupation than agriculture, such as public service jobs, mechanization, and commercialization of agriculture. Gastronomic and agro-tourism along with European Union trademarks and policies can support locals in landrace/local varieties in-situ conservation.

Το παρόν άρθρο πραγματεύεται παραστάσεις Προσκύνησης του Τιμίου Σταυρού από αγγέλους, ένα σπάνιο εικονογραφικό θέμα που εντοπίζεται στις τοιχογραφίες τριών απομακρυσμένων μεταξύ τους μνημείων του ελλαδικού χώρου, στον Άγιο Νικόλαο της Ροδιάς κοντά στην Άρτα, στο ασκητήριο των Αγίων Πατέρων στη Βαράσοβα Αιτωλίας και στην Υπαπαντή Σοφικού Κορινθίας. Εκτός από το προφανές εσχατολογικό τους περιεχόμενο, εξετάζεται το ενδεχόμενο οι τοιχογραφίες αυτές να απηχούν και τις εκκολαπτόμενες πολιτικές φιλοδοξίες, τόσο των Κομνηνοδουκάδων όσο και των Παλαιολόγων μετά τα μέσα του 13ου αιώνα. ; The present paper focuses on the analysis of a very rare representation of the Veneration of the Cross by angels among the wall paintings of three churches: St. Nicholas tēs Rodias, near Arta, the cave-church of the Holy Fathers, at Varasova and the church of Hypapantē, near Sofiko, Corinthia. Aside from its evident eschatological significance, this iconographic theme could also be conveying an important political and ideological message of members of the ruling Komnenos-Doukas and Palaeologan families during the 13th century.

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is an important component of the Mediterranean diet and a highly priced product. Despite the strict legislation to protect it from fraudulent practices, there is an increasing demand to characterize EVOOs and evaluate their authenticity. For this purpose, 68 monovarietal EVOOs, originating from three regions of Greece (Peloponnese, Crete, and Lesvos) and two local cultivars (Koroneiki and Kolovi), were obtained during the harvesting period of 2018–2019. Fatty acids, squalene, and tocopherols were determined chromatographically according to official methods in order to study the effect of cultivar and geographical origin. Squalene and γ-tocopherol differed significantly amongst the cultivars tested. Koroneiki samples exhibited higher squalene content than Kolovi samples, whereas the opposite was observed for γ-tocopherol. The tocopherol level was highly geographical dependent, with EVOOs from Peloponnese displaying the highest concentration of α-tocopherol, whereas the content of γ-tocopherol was significantly higher in samples from Lesvos. Unsupervised and supervised multivariate analysis resulted in a satisfactory grouping of EVOOs according to cultivar. γ-Tocopherol, squalene, and the majority of fatty acids were the most discriminant variables, with γ-tocopherol, linoleic, linolenic, and gadoleic acid being present at higher levels in samples from the Kolovi cultivar. Koroneiki samples were characterized with higher levels of squalene, palmitic, palmitoleic, and arachidic acid.

Применение структурно-композиционного метода и основанной на нем интерпретации текста речи Перикла позволило дифференцировать лексику политического мышления греков времени Пелопоннесской войны, выделив в ней понятия идеализации, идеальной нормы и исторических реалий. ; The use of the structure and composition method and the interpretation of the Perikle's speech based on this method made it possible to differentiate the lexis of the political thinking of the Greeks at the time of Peloponnese war by distinguishing in it such notions as idealization, ideal norm and historic reality.

This thesis studies the ways in which people dealt with their dead in ancient Patras, a small Greek polis turned Roman colonia that is situated in the Northwest Peloponnese. Mortuary practices are reconstructed from Late Classical to Early Christian times; the focus is on the Hellenistic and Roman period (ca. 300 BCE-300 CE). The goal of this reconstruction is to come closer to understanding how the changing political, economic, and social circumstances that characterized the period - imperialism and globalization in particular - affected the culture and identity of the local population.

H χρήση του αλόγου στην προβιομηχανική εποχή καθόρισε πολλαπλές ανθρώπινες δραστηριότητες: παραγωγικές διαδικασίες, μεταφορές, τη διεξαγωγή του πολέμου. Σε δυο επίκαιρες θέσεις του Πριγκιπάτου της Αχαΐας, τα κάστρα Χλεμούτσι και Γλαρέντζα, πρόσφατες ανασκαφές έφεραν στο φως μια σημαντική συλλογή στοιχείων ιπποσκευής. Πρόκειται κυρίως για σπιρούνια που συνδέονταν με αστούς της Γλαρέντζας, οι οποίοι είχαν την ιδιότητα του ιππότη και πέταλα αλόγων και ημιόνων. ; The use of the horse in pre-industrial societies improved a series of human activities, including production processes,transportation, and military activities. Recent excavations at two important sites in the Principality of Achaea (1205-1428), the castles of Chlemoutsi and Glarentza in Western Peloponnese, revealed a significant collection of riding equipment. The collection consists mainly of spurs for the citizens of Glarentza who held the status of knight, as well as horseshoes for war horses and pack animals.

H χρήση του αλόγου στην προβιομηχανική εποχή καθόρισε πολλαπλές ανθρώπινες δραστηριότητες: παραγωγικές διαδικασίες, μεταφορές, τη διεξαγωγή του πολέμου. Σε δυο επίκαιρες θέσεις του Πριγκιπάτου της Αχαΐας, τα κάστρα Χλεμούτσι και Γλαρέντζα, πρόσφατες ανασκαφές έφεραν στο φως μια σημαντική συλλογή στοιχείων ιπποσκευής. Πρόκειται κυρίως για σπιρούνια που συνδέονταν με αστούς της Γλαρέντζας, οι οποίοι είχαν την ιδιότητα του ιππότη και πέταλα αλόγων και ημιόνων. ; The use of the horse in pre-industrial societies improved a series of human activities, including production processes,transportation, and military activities. Recent excavations at two important sites in the Principality of Achaea (1205-1428), the castles of Chlemoutsi and Glarentza in Western Peloponnese, revealed a significant collection of riding equipment. The collection consists mainly of spurs for the citizens of Glarentza who held the status of knight, as well as horseshoes for war horses and pack animals.

A close analysis of the Republic´s diverse literary styles shows how the peculiarities of verbal texture in Platonic discourse can be explained by Plato´s remolding of tropes and techniques from poetry and the Presocratics. This book argues that Plato smuggles poetic language into the Republic´s prose in order to characterize the deceitful coloration and polymorphy that accompanies the world of Becoming as opposed to the Real. Plato´s distinctive discourse thus can transmit, even to those figures focused on the visual within his Republic, the shiftiness of the base and the unjust.Zacharoula A. Petraki, University of the Peloponnese andUniversity of Crete, Greece.

Europe 1992 has become a major focus of attention for the Western media, because if all goes as planned, a unified and integrated common market of 12 nations and 320 million consumers will be created, a market running from the mountains of Mourne to the Peloponnese with a GNP rivaling that of the United States. Further east, the Kremlin is determined to put the Soviet Union's tattered economic house in order under Gorbachev's much ballyhooed perestroika strategy. And along Asia's Pacific rim, rapid growth may permit this region to match the productive capacity of both the United States and the European Community within the next two decades.

On June 3, 2015, the Greek Parliamentary Budget Office, the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, the Democritus University of Thrace, and the University of Peloponnese sponsored an international conference to address medium- and long-term growth in Greece. This collection presents the strongest papers on the conditions required to revive and maintain economic growth. Leading experts cover almost every major issue identified in the latest literature, from demographic issues and proposals for export strategy to the need for innovation and structural reform. The combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches to assessing present conditions make this ground-breaking collection a valuable resource for a variety of academics, professional economists, and economic policy practitioners planting the seeds of Greece's future

On June 3, 2015, the Greek Parliamentary Budget Office, the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, the Democritus University of Thrace, and the University of Peloponnese sponsored an international conference to address medium- and long-term growth in Greece. This collection presents the strongest papers on the conditions required to revive and maintain economic growth. Leading experts cover almost every major issue identified in the latest literature, from demographic issues and proposals for export strategy to the need for innovation and structural reform. The combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches to assessing present conditions make this ground-breaking collection a valuable resource for a variety of academics, professional economists, and economic policy practitioners planting the seeds of Greece's future.

The present paper explores the negotiation of national identity in contemporary mega sporting events. The study focuses on certain performances of Greekness through Zorba's dance in national sporting victories, especially in basketball. The attention shifts onto wider nationalisation processes by highlighting the socio-political relations of sport. The fieldwork took place in the broader area of Athens (Attica) and Patras (Peloponnese), between September 2020 and September 2022. It was based on Visual Anthropology methods, working with interlocutors who are engaged with sports in various ways. Through endearing habits, athletes and fans can constitute different embodied performances inside and outside the stadiums, where sport as a performative place of collectivity and solidarity invites a continuous embodied creative action highlighting how complex, versatile, and political it can be.

Abstract
The funeral laments (moiroloya) of Inner Mani, a region in southern Peloponnese, are the focus of this article, in particular the gestural and transformative aspects of their liminal character. A specific case of a wake (klama) is discussed and analyzed in order to provide insight into the particular process of lamenting. Some general characteristics of lamenting in the region are reviewed and some of the basic assumptions of anthropologists concerning the role of emotional expression in death rituals are considered. Lastly, by focusing on an excerpt from a lament that was sung in the wake session under question, the article points to the gestural, mimetic and transformative qualities of the emotional performance of lamenting, suggesting thus an alternative reading of the expression of grief within the course of death ritual.

Στο άρθρο αναλύονται ιστορικά δύο κτητορικές επιγραφές του νότιου ελλαδικού χώρου, των Αγίων Θεοδώρων στην Καφιόνα της Μάνης και του Αγίου Γεωργίου στα Ντουριάνικα Κυθήρων, που χρονολογούνται σε μια περίοδο γενικότερης πολιτικής αναστάτωσης λόγω της αντιπαράθεσης Φράγκων και Βυζαντινών για την κυριαρχία στην περιοχή και αναφέρουν το όνομα του βυζαντινού αυτοκράτορα Μιχαήλ Η΄ Παλαιολόγου. Αποδεικνύεται πως η αναφορά του Μιχαήλ Η΄ δεν χρησιμοποιείται απλώς ως μια τυπική χρονολογική ένδειξη αλλά εμπεριέχει ένα επίκαιρο πολιτικό μήνυμα από την πλευρά των χορηγών. ; This article historically analyzes two donor inscriptions in southern Greece, one at Hagioi Theodoroi in Kaphiona, Mani and the other at Saint George in Dourianika, Kythera. These are dated to a period of general political unrest due to the struggle between the Franks and the Byzantines for dominance in the region. They also mention the name of the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Paleologos, the reference to which, as is shown, does not just serve as a general indication of the time period but contains a topical political message on the part of the donors.