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Professor Carmagnani's essay consists of two parts. In the first three-quarters of the essay, he rapidly reviews historical writing on colonial Mexico from about 1970 until 1981, identifying major topics, tendencies, and prospects for the future. In the second part of the essay, Carmagnani turns to some of what he believes to be the shortcomings of this decade or more of writing, especially what he views as its failure to establish a new periodization for the Mexican colonial centuries. In discussing this "inertia" in the new generation of social historians, he proposes a periodization that he believes more accurately "fits" the general findings of this recent historical corpus.

The history of empires created by inner Asian peoples bears direct relevance to the
conceptualization of world history down to the early modern period, as their impact on
surrounding civilizations resulted in long-lasting demographic, economic, and political
changes. This essay explores the basic mechanisms of state formation in inner Asia
and presents an argument for the periodization of inner Asian history based on the
incremental ability of inner Asian empires to extract from outside sources the wealth
necessary for the maintenance of political and military state apparatus. On this basis, the
essay proposes a four-phase periodization, including ages of tribute empires (209 B.C.-
A.D. 551), trade-tribute empires (551Ð907), dual-administration empires (907Ð1259),
and direct-taxation empires (1260Ð1796).

AbstractTwo related problems face the study of nations and nationalism. Primordialism, as the belief that nations have usually existed from time immemorial, has generally been discarded by scholars. However, perennialism, the belief that a few nations existed in antiquity or the Middle Ages, and revived subsequently, has more support, along with the concept that national self‐assertion generally becomes stronger at historical intervals. Probably more support has been given to the use of ethnie (as presented especially by Anthony D. Smith) a lengthy preparatory stage for the typical nation when its name, constitutive myth, historical memory, and territorial attachment are acquired. More research is needed on the chronological and geographical variations on these themes.

Two related problems face the study of nations and nationalism. Primordialism, as the belief that nations have usually existed from time immemorial, has generally been discarded by scholars. However, perennialism, the belief that a few nations existed in antiquity or the Middle Ages, and revived subsequently, has more support, along with the concept that national self-assertion generally becomes stronger at historical intervals. Probably more support has been given to the use of ethnie (as presented especially by Anthony D. Smith) a lengthy preparatory stage for the typical nation when its name, constitutive myth, historical memory, and territorial attachment are acquired. More research is needed on the chronological and geographical variations on these themes. (Original abstract)

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Plates -- Plate 1: Red-figure vase, c. 500-470 BCE -- Plate 2: Red-figure vase, c. 500-470 BCE -- Plate 3: Red-figure cup, c. 510-500 BCE -- Plate 4: Red-figure vase, c. 515-500 BCE -- Plate 5: Red-figure vase, c. 500 BCE -- Plate 6: Red-figure vase, early fifth century BCE -- Plate 7: Black-figure Tyrrhenian amphora, c. 550-530 BCE -- Plate 8: Tripod pyxis, c. 525-515 BCE -- Plate 9: Black-figure amphora, c. 550-520 BCE -- List of Contributors -- General Introduction -- Part I: Antiquity and the Enlightenment: Inventing the Present -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Towards a History of Body History -- Chapter 2: Painters and Pederasts: Ancient Art, Sexuality, and Social History -- Chapter 3: Trimalchio's Constipation: Periodizing Madness, Eros, and Time -- Chapter 4: Philosophy, Friendship, and Cultural History -- Chapter 5: Continuity and Change in Roman Social History: Retrieving 'Family Feeling(s)' from Roman Law and Literature -- Part II: Reconstructing the Past: The Practice of Periodization -- Introduction -- Chapter 6: Periodization and The Heroes: Inventing A Dark Age -- Chapter 7: Reconstructing Change: Ideology and The Eleusinian Mysteries -- Chapter 8: The Problem of Periodization: The Case of The Peloponnesian War -- Chapter 9: Change or Continuity? Children and Childhood in Hellenistic Historiography -- Chapter 10: Did Roman Women Have an Empire? -- References -- Index.

Periodization is a major element in historical interpretation. The remarkable changes in the American family since World War II are reviewed in conjunction with three principal frameworks—dichotomous, secular trend, and episodic schemes—for organizing the dimension of time in the historiography of the family. How these recent episodes relate to longer-run frameworks is explored. Metaphors or models of change in family history need to be used more consciously and explicitly.