Suchergebnisse

It could be thought that this dissertation is one of the first efforts to define the concept of the participation of Local Government in private legal relationship. The concept of the participation of Local Government in private legal relationship, based on representation of public interests (these interests reflect the local community), shall not be clarified as the invention of recent years. It could be said that this concept comes from Lithuanian legal tradition, and what is more, participation in private legal relationship is closely related to social nature of Local Government. However, most of the achievements, which set principles of the participation of Local Government in private legal relationship, were adopted in recent decade. These achievements could be defines as the separate legal personality of Local Government (not of the representative institution of Local Government), which clearly defined the liability of Local Government for its own contractual duties, reforms made on the control regime of the contracts of Local Government, clarification of the doctrine of ultra vires. Local Government, as the public legal person, through its representative institutions acts in two different ways. On the one hand, Local Government shall perform duties as the subject of public administration, but on the other hand, Local Government shall perform duties in accordance with representation of the interests of local community and enter into private legal relationship. Legal contract is one of the main instruments for the Local Government to enter into private legal relationship and represent the interests of local community. The legal contract of Local Government could be defined as the legally binding agreement between Local Government (as the separate legal personality) and other subjects (state, other local government, or private subjects), that sets private rights and duties of the parties of the contract. Representation of the interests of local community defines the reason of entering into private legal relationship, while constitutional guarantee of economical, financial independence and the freedom of performance defines the authorization for Local Government to enter into private legal relationship.

It could be thought that this dissertation is one of the first efforts to define the concept of the participation of Local Government in private legal relationship. The concept of the participation of Local Government in private legal relationship, based on representation of public interests (these interests reflect the local community), shall not be clarified as the invention of recent years. It could be said that this concept comes from Lithuanian legal tradition, and what is more, participation in private legal relationship is closely related to social nature of Local Government. However, most of the achievements, which set principles of the participation of Local Government in private legal relationship, were adopted in recent decade. These achievements could be defines as the separate legal personality of Local Government (not of the representative institution of Local Government), which clearly defined the liability of Local Government for its own contractual duties, reforms made on the control regime of the contracts of Local Government, clarification of the doctrine of ultra vires. Local Government, as the public legal person, through its representative institutions acts in two different ways. On the one hand, Local Government shall perform duties as the subject of public administration, but on the other hand, Local Government shall perform duties in accordance with representation of the interests of local community and enter into private legal relationship. Legal contract is one of the main instruments for the Local Government to enter into private legal relationship and represent the interests of local community. The legal contract of Local Government could be defined as the legally binding agreement between Local Government (as the separate legal personality) and other subjects (state, other local government, or private subjects), that sets private rights and duties of the parties of the contract. Representation of the interests of local community defines the reason of entering into private legal relationship, while constitutional guarantee of economical, financial independence and the freedom of performance defines the authorization for Local Government to enter into private legal relationship.

It could be thought that this dissertation is one of the first efforts to define the concept of the participation of Local Government in private legal relationship. The concept of the participation of Local Government in private legal relationship, based on representation of public interests (these interests reflect the local community), shall not be clarified as the invention of recent years. It could be said that this concept comes from Lithuanian legal tradition, and what is more, participation in private legal relationship is closely related to social nature of Local Government. However, most of the achievements, which set principles of the participation of Local Government in private legal relationship, were adopted in recent decade. These achievements could be defines as the separate legal personality of Local Government (not of the representative institution of Local Government), which clearly defined the liability of Local Government for its own contractual duties, reforms made on the control regime of the contracts of Local Government, clarification of the doctrine of ultra vires. Local Government, as the public legal person, through its representative institutions acts in two different ways. On the one hand, Local Government shall perform duties as the subject of public administration, but on the other hand, Local Government shall perform duties in accordance with representation of the interests of local community and enter into private legal relationship. Legal contract is one of the main instruments for the Local Government to enter into private legal relationship and represent the interests of local community. The legal contract of Local Government could be defined as the legally binding agreement between Local Government (as the separate legal personality) and other subjects (state, other local government, or private subjects), that sets private rights and duties of the parties of the contract. Representation of the interests of local community defines the reason of entering into private legal relationship, while constitutional guarantee of economical, financial independence and the freedom of performance defines the authorization for Local Government to enter into private legal relationship.

It could be thought that this dissertation is one of the first efforts to define the concept of the participation of Local Government in private legal relationship. The concept of the participation of Local Government in private legal relationship, based on representation of public interests (these interests reflect the local community), shall not be clarified as the invention of recent years. It could be said that this concept comes from Lithuanian legal tradition, and what is more, participation in private legal relationship is closely related to social nature of Local Government. However, most of the achievements, which set principles of the participation of Local Government in private legal relationship, were adopted in recent decade. These achievements could be defines as the separate legal personality of Local Government (not of the representative institution of Local Government), which clearly defined the liability of Local Government for its own contractual duties, reforms made on the control regime of the contracts of Local Government, clarification of the doctrine of ultra vires. Local Government, as the public legal person, through its representative institutions acts in two different ways. On the one hand, Local Government shall perform duties as the subject of public administration, but on the other hand, Local Government shall perform duties in accordance with representation of the interests of local community and enter into private legal relationship. Legal contract is one of the main instruments for the Local Government to enter into private legal relationship and represent the interests of local community. The legal contract of Local Government could be defined as the legally binding agreement between Local Government (as the separate legal personality) and other subjects (state, other local government, or private subjects), that sets private rights and duties of the parties of the contract. Representation of the interests of local community defines the reason of entering into private legal relationship, while constitutional guarantee of economical, financial independence and the freedom of performance defines the authorization for Local Government to enter into private legal relationship.

The concept of contemporary identity guides to exclusiveness of culture's role and history as well. Queen Luisa is not only an attractive symbol while talking about fatal period for Europe and Prussia in the years 1806-1815, but also interesting is her personality while looking for parallels between identities of Memel (Klaipėda), the small province town of the German empire, and Klaipėda, the largest contemporary Western Lithuanian city. Present inhabitants of Klaipėda pay a lot of attention to Queen Luisa's merits for development of education and culture in the city and in the region. The fact that in newest discussions about Klaipeda's vision of cultural politics, the need to integrate cultural heritage into consciousness of citizens and formation of identity is highlighted, testifies about signs of new quality in region's identity structure of Western Lithuania. Research is based on historical sources and literature.

The concept of contemporary identity guides to exclusiveness of culture's role and history as well. Queen Luisa is not only an attractive symbol while talking about fatal period for Europe and Prussia in the years 1806-1815, but also interesting is her personality while looking for parallels between identities of Memel (Klaipėda), the small province town of the German empire, and Klaipėda, the largest contemporary Western Lithuanian city. Present inhabitants of Klaipėda pay a lot of attention to Queen Luisa's merits for development of education and culture in the city and in the region. The fact that in newest discussions about Klaipeda's vision of cultural politics, the need to integrate cultural heritage into consciousness of citizens and formation of identity is highlighted, testifies about signs of new quality in region's identity structure of Western Lithuania. Research is based on historical sources and literature.

The present Master Thesis is devoted to the concept of the cross-border conversion of companies within the European Union, as a method of transfer a legal entity to another Member State, without losing its legal personality. The study examines a comprehensive approach to the present phenomenon in European Company Law. The research is mainly devoted to the analysis of the concept and tracking the evolution of its development. The newly adopted Directive as regards cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions was considered, the legal procedure of the transboundary moving of the companies outlined. The practice of the Member States, which provide for cross-border seat transfer on the basis of national law, studied and collated. The case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union on the elaboration and establishment of corporate mobility as a realization of freedom of establishment of companies in the European Union internal market reviewed.

The present Master Thesis is devoted to the concept of the cross-border conversion of companies within the European Union, as a method of transfer a legal entity to another Member State, without losing its legal personality. The study examines a comprehensive approach to the present phenomenon in European Company Law. The research is mainly devoted to the analysis of the concept and tracking the evolution of its development. The newly adopted Directive as regards cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions was considered, the legal procedure of the transboundary moving of the companies outlined. The practice of the Member States, which provide for cross-border seat transfer on the basis of national law, studied and collated. The case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union on the elaboration and establishment of corporate mobility as a realization of freedom of establishment of companies in the European Union internal market reviewed.

The Relation between a Human Person and Political Reality. A Comparative Analysis of P. Singer and R. Spaemann A modern philosopher P. Singer claims that political reality could ensure a good life for a human person and permanent increase of the welfare, if only the fundamental principal of the political order was preference utilitarianism. P. Singer considers himself to be a practical philosopher that conforms to the practical reality. Therefore, he explains the foundation of the human being through the lenses of evolutionary anthropology. The human person is understood in the process of the manifestation of the main attributes of the personhood. In contrast to the human being, the human person is defined as having his dignity. Unique dignity is justified through the aims and interests that a person has recognised as his own and can be implemented in the reality. This helps to explain a P. Singer's viewpoint that interior personal experience – moral experience, self-expression, self-realisation – is important and grounded only if it is expressed in physical, empirical reality. Because of this perspective, political reality is understood as seeking to objectify a person as an object of scientifically based and empirical reality, thus ignoring personal experience, ideas, and self-understanding. This marks the tension of the relation between a person and political reality and implies the main problem of the Thesis – scientifically interpreted political reality is indifferent and denies inner self-perception of the person, his/her inner subjectivity. In other words, the dissatisfaction experienced by the members of the political community results from the fact that they do not think of themselves in the same way as politicians perceive them. In relation to the main issue of the Thesis, a German philosopher R. Spaemann suggests another option to understand the human person and his/her relation to the political reality. This philosopher emphasizes that a person is a metaphysical fact about human being, consequently – a concept of the person's dignity can be justified only metaphysically – because every person is a representative of the Absolut. The conscience is the foundation of the dignity as well as key to notice the importance of inner personal reality, that is the place for personal self-objectivization in front of moral decision, self-realization seeking good for another person. In light of P. Singer's proclamation of scientifically perceived concepts of personhood, ethics, political order, and R. Spaemann's metaphysical perspective of personality and morality, the main aim of the Thesis is to determine how different concepts of the personhood affect the understanding of the politics, more specifically – the concept of personal dignity. The main thesis is that the functional understanding of the person that consolidates in a political consideration denies the importance of a person's inner reality, and ignores his subjective personality. The comparative analysis of P. Singer and R. Spaemann revealed that P. Singer's explanation of the personhood and its dignity emphasizes that dignity is the consequence of the realisation of the individual interests and preferences in the political reality. Morality is an instrument for self-improvement and a functional tool for taking appropriate political decisions that bring more benefits for the members of the community. However, the ontological foundation of the person and the dignity claims that the person is a subject and an object at the same time, therefore, the person can be never fully objectified in the political reality and his/her certain subjectivity of personality is not reduced to the scientific objectivization. Thus, personal dignity cannot be fully realised and completed through the political decisions. As a result, the total or all-encompassing, at the same time good life guaranteeing politics are not possible.

The Relation between a Human Person and Political Reality. A Comparative Analysis of P. Singer and R. Spaemann A modern philosopher P. Singer claims that political reality could ensure a good life for a human person and permanent increase of the welfare, if only the fundamental principal of the political order was preference utilitarianism. P. Singer considers himself to be a practical philosopher that conforms to the practical reality. Therefore, he explains the foundation of the human being through the lenses of evolutionary anthropology. The human person is understood in the process of the manifestation of the main attributes of the personhood. In contrast to the human being, the human person is defined as having his dignity. Unique dignity is justified through the aims and interests that a person has recognised as his own and can be implemented in the reality. This helps to explain a P. Singer's viewpoint that interior personal experience – moral experience, self-expression, self-realisation – is important and grounded only if it is expressed in physical, empirical reality. Because of this perspective, political reality is understood as seeking to objectify a person as an object of scientifically based and empirical reality, thus ignoring personal experience, ideas, and self-understanding. This marks the tension of the relation between a person and political reality and implies the main problem of the Thesis – scientifically interpreted political reality is indifferent and denies inner self-perception of the person, his/her inner subjectivity. In other words, the dissatisfaction experienced by the members of the political community results from the fact that they do not think of themselves in the same way as politicians perceive them. In relation to the main issue of the Thesis, a German philosopher R. Spaemann suggests another option to understand the human person and his/her relation to the political reality. This philosopher emphasizes that a person is a metaphysical fact about human being, consequently – a concept of the person's dignity can be justified only metaphysically – because every person is a representative of the Absolut. The conscience is the foundation of the dignity as well as key to notice the importance of inner personal reality, that is the place for personal self-objectivization in front of moral decision, self-realization seeking good for another person. In light of P. Singer's proclamation of scientifically perceived concepts of personhood, ethics, political order, and R. Spaemann's metaphysical perspective of personality and morality, the main aim of the Thesis is to determine how different concepts of the personhood affect the understanding of the politics, more specifically – the concept of personal dignity. The main thesis is that the functional understanding of the person that consolidates in a political consideration denies the importance of a person's inner reality, and ignores his subjective personality. The comparative analysis of P. Singer and R. Spaemann revealed that P. Singer's explanation of the personhood and its dignity emphasizes that dignity is the consequence of the realisation of the individual interests and preferences in the political reality. Morality is an instrument for self-improvement and a functional tool for taking appropriate political decisions that bring more benefits for the members of the community. However, the ontological foundation of the person and the dignity claims that the person is a subject and an object at the same time, therefore, the person can be never fully objectified in the political reality and his/her certain subjectivity of personality is not reduced to the scientific objectivization. Thus, personal dignity cannot be fully realised and completed through the political decisions. As a result, the total or all-encompassing, at the same time good life guaranteeing politics are not possible.

The Relation between a Human Person and Political Reality. A Comparative Analysis of P. Singer and R. Spaemann A modern philosopher P. Singer claims that political reality could ensure a good life for a human person and permanent increase of the welfare, if only the fundamental principal of the political order was preference utilitarianism. P. Singer considers himself to be a practical philosopher that conforms to the practical reality. Therefore, he explains the foundation of the human being through the lenses of evolutionary anthropology. The human person is understood in the process of the manifestation of the main attributes of the personhood. In contrast to the human being, the human person is defined as having his dignity. Unique dignity is justified through the aims and interests that a person has recognised as his own and can be implemented in the reality. This helps to explain a P. Singer's viewpoint that interior personal experience – moral experience, self-expression, self-realisation – is important and grounded only if it is expressed in physical, empirical reality. Because of this perspective, political reality is understood as seeking to objectify a person as an object of scientifically based and empirical reality, thus ignoring personal experience, ideas, and self-understanding. This marks the tension of the relation between a person and political reality and implies the main problem of the Thesis – scientifically interpreted political reality is indifferent and denies inner self-perception of the person, his/her inner subjectivity. In other words, the dissatisfaction experienced by the members of the political community results from the fact that they do not think of themselves in the same way as politicians perceive them. In relation to the main issue of the Thesis, a German philosopher R. Spaemann suggests another option to understand the human person and his/her relation to the political reality. This philosopher emphasizes that a person is a metaphysical fact about human being, consequently – a concept of the person's dignity can be justified only metaphysically – because every person is a representative of the Absolut. The conscience is the foundation of the dignity as well as key to notice the importance of inner personal reality, that is the place for personal self-objectivization in front of moral decision, self-realization seeking good for another person. In light of P. Singer's proclamation of scientifically perceived concepts of personhood, ethics, political order, and R. Spaemann's metaphysical perspective of personality and morality, the main aim of the Thesis is to determine how different concepts of the personhood affect the understanding of the politics, more specifically – the concept of personal dignity. The main thesis is that the functional understanding of the person that consolidates in a political consideration denies the importance of a person's inner reality, and ignores his subjective personality. The comparative analysis of P. Singer and R. Spaemann revealed that P. Singer's explanation of the personhood and its dignity emphasizes that dignity is the consequence of the realisation of the individual interests and preferences in the political reality. Morality is an instrument for self-improvement and a functional tool for taking appropriate political decisions that bring more benefits for the members of the community. However, the ontological foundation of the person and the dignity claims that the person is a subject and an object at the same time, therefore, the person can be never fully objectified in the political reality and his/her certain subjectivity of personality is not reduced to the scientific objectivization. Thus, personal dignity cannot be fully realised and completed through the political decisions. As a result, the total or all-encompassing, at the same time good life guaranteeing politics are not possible.

The Relation between a Human Person and Political Reality. A Comparative Analysis of P. Singer and R. Spaemann A modern philosopher P. Singer claims that political reality could ensure a good life for a human person and permanent increase of the welfare, if only the fundamental principal of the political order was preference utilitarianism. P. Singer considers himself to be a practical philosopher that conforms to the practical reality. Therefore, he explains the foundation of the human being through the lenses of evolutionary anthropology. The human person is understood in the process of the manifestation of the main attributes of the personhood. In contrast to the human being, the human person is defined as having his dignity. Unique dignity is justified through the aims and interests that a person has recognised as his own and can be implemented in the reality. This helps to explain a P. Singer's viewpoint that interior personal experience – moral experience, self-expression, self-realisation – is important and grounded only if it is expressed in physical, empirical reality. Because of this perspective, political reality is understood as seeking to objectify a person as an object of scientifically based and empirical reality, thus ignoring personal experience, ideas, and self-understanding. This marks the tension of the relation between a person and political reality and implies the main problem of the Thesis – scientifically interpreted political reality is indifferent and denies inner self-perception of the person, his/her inner subjectivity. In other words, the dissatisfaction experienced by the members of the political community results from the fact that they do not think of themselves in the same way as politicians perceive them. In relation to the main issue of the Thesis, a German philosopher R. Spaemann suggests another option to understand the human person and his/her relation to the political reality. This philosopher emphasizes that a person is a metaphysical fact about human being, consequently – a concept of the person's dignity can be justified only metaphysically – because every person is a representative of the Absolut. The conscience is the foundation of the dignity as well as key to notice the importance of inner personal reality, that is the place for personal self-objectivization in front of moral decision, self-realization seeking good for another person. In light of P. Singer's proclamation of scientifically perceived concepts of personhood, ethics, political order, and R. Spaemann's metaphysical perspective of personality and morality, the main aim of the Thesis is to determine how different concepts of the personhood affect the understanding of the politics, more specifically – the concept of personal dignity. The main thesis is that the functional understanding of the person that consolidates in a political consideration denies the importance of a person's inner reality, and ignores his subjective personality. The comparative analysis of P. Singer and R. Spaemann revealed that P. Singer's explanation of the personhood and its dignity emphasizes that dignity is the consequence of the realisation of the individual interests and preferences in the political reality. Morality is an instrument for self-improvement and a functional tool for taking appropriate political decisions that bring more benefits for the members of the community. However, the ontological foundation of the person and the dignity claims that the person is a subject and an object at the same time, therefore, the person can be never fully objectified in the political reality and his/her certain subjectivity of personality is not reduced to the scientific objectivization. Thus, personal dignity cannot be fully realised and completed through the political decisions. As a result, the total or all-encompassing, at the same time good life guaranteeing politics are not possible.

As the number of pupils, which run into different socialization problems, is increasing, helping them becomes particularly relevant. That it would be properly organized, it is important to know the attitude of school's administration and teacher's team that is helping pupils towards this preserve, set the necessity of help, analyze forms of help that are offered and evaluate the quality of help. According to this research was made in Raseiniai district local governments' educational institutional. Its object is, helping a pupil having trouble in socializing. The aim of the research is to set harmony of demand, supply and quality for pupil having trouble in socializing, while revealing schools leaderships' and helping teams' realization peculiarity of surplus function. The basis of methodological research is kept: the theory of psychoanalysis ( K. Horni, H. Salivanas, E. Fromas}: personality is the reflection of interpersonal relationship; the theory of evolution of psychosocial personality {E. Ericson}: specific behavior of particular pupil depends on his earlier experience, cultural environment and even on the history of community; the theory of social learning {A. Bandura): learning result is humans' behavior and psycho processes. Behavior mostly depends not only on one factor or on separate model of behavior, but their interplay. The methods of research: theoretical – scientific literature, the analysis of law documents; empirical – quantitative standardize written interrogatory method was practiced examining schools' leadership, schools' helping team members and pupils of higher classes; statistical – written interrogatory statistical fact analysis was practiced according expositive statistic methods, correlation analysis and counting in term of percentage. In research participated 18 comprehensive schools of Raseiniai district: 2 gymnasiums, 6 secondary schools ir10 basic schools. 409 pupils compound the grip (14,6 % of 8-12 classes pupils still are studying}, 11 of 18 school headmasters and 108 members of schools preventive working group. In account, 528 respondents were questioned. Comprehensive schools of Raseiniai district give great attention to negative social expression of preventive and child's wealth. Different factors of inside and outside school community life determine efficiency of preventive means, witch now is not sufficient. Results of the research approved hypothesis that helping for pupils' means efficiency that is organized in school determine to harmony of demand, supply and quality.

As the number of pupils, which run into different socialization problems, is increasing, helping them becomes particularly relevant. That it would be properly organized, it is important to know the attitude of school's administration and teacher's team that is helping pupils towards this preserve, set the necessity of help, analyze forms of help that are offered and evaluate the quality of help. According to this research was made in Raseiniai district local governments' educational institutional. Its object is, helping a pupil having trouble in socializing. The aim of the research is to set harmony of demand, supply and quality for pupil having trouble in socializing, while revealing schools leaderships' and helping teams' realization peculiarity of surplus function. The basis of methodological research is kept: the theory of psychoanalysis ( K. Horni, H. Salivanas, E. Fromas}: personality is the reflection of interpersonal relationship; the theory of evolution of psychosocial personality {E. Ericson}: specific behavior of particular pupil depends on his earlier experience, cultural environment and even on the history of community; the theory of social learning {A. Bandura): learning result is humans' behavior and psycho processes. Behavior mostly depends not only on one factor or on separate model of behavior, but their interplay. The methods of research: theoretical – scientific literature, the analysis of law documents; empirical – quantitative standardize written interrogatory method was practiced examining schools' leadership, schools' helping team members and pupils of higher classes; statistical – written interrogatory statistical fact analysis was practiced according expositive statistic methods, correlation analysis and counting in term of percentage. In research participated 18 comprehensive schools of Raseiniai district: 2 gymnasiums, 6 secondary schools ir10 basic schools. 409 pupils compound the grip (14,6 % of 8-12 classes pupils still are studying}, 11 of 18 school headmasters and 108 members of schools preventive working group. In account, 528 respondents were questioned. Comprehensive schools of Raseiniai district give great attention to negative social expression of preventive and child's wealth. Different factors of inside and outside school community life determine efficiency of preventive means, witch now is not sufficient. Results of the research approved hypothesis that helping for pupils' means efficiency that is organized in school determine to harmony of demand, supply and quality.

What Determined Chancellor A. Merkel's Position on the Migrant Crisis? This paper examines Merkel's leadership during the Migrant Crisis. In my masters Thesis, I relied on the analysis already performed, namely in purifying the Chancellor's personality, the peculiarities and features of her management, and the exceptional qualities of a leader. Additionally, the very concept of leadership used in the work, its operationalisation. This work will also refine the success indicators of the migrant crisis management and the empirical part, which will apply analytical and qualitative models and consistently present Merkel's decisions during crisis management, as well as analyse the decisions' success in retrospect - what led to the Chancellor's key decisions during the crisis. As the German Chancellor has been and continues to be one of the European Union's key decision-makers, her role and analysis of her decisions is particularly relevant given that the issue of military action in Syria and Turkey's disagreements with the EU / NATO is once again high on the European agenda.