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Medicine is the oldest (along with philosophy) science. But the philosophy is the basic method of scientific knowledge. The philosophical category of "bioethics", "morality", "ethics" boldly called interdisciplinary, touching and medical science. This article discusses the above concepts of Michel Foucault in their relationship with medicine.

The article studies the state of the research of the religious preconditions and consolidating factors of democracy. The analysis of the transformation of the social doctrine of the Catholic Church, the main reference points of the present day social doctrine and the place of democracy in this doctrine demonstrates that the church doctrine is not a dogma but a fluid discourse responding to the challenges of modernity. ; Статья содержит анализ современного состояния исследований религиозных предпосылок и факторов консолидации демократии. На примере анализа трансформации социальной доктрины католической церкви, основных положений современной социальной доктрины и места демократии в этой доктрине показано, что церковные доктрины не являются догмой, а представляют собой живой дискурс, отвечающий на вызовы современности.

This article discusses the historical and philosophical forms of the existence of the fundamental onto-epistemological deception, in other words, archaeological exposition genealogy prospects fundamental onto-epistemological deception. The article related the "disintegration" of being and the "deconstruction" of metaphysics with the elimination of transcendentas something that is outside the subject-object relationship. Outside of the subject-object relationship was placed nothing, and being became nothing in next time. There are based on this think make conclusion about the dissolution of human in discourse and breakup of social role from a human. There are briefly shows the history of the relation of text and reality. There are tried to present postmodern philosophy in classical terms, near to the Hegelian. This explication helped define the concept of "simulacrum" through the concept of «thing (ens)" (ontic definition). Simulacrum is thing (ens) that cannot go out of possibility into reality due to the collapse of being, but differs by Difference like thing into unbeing. Such thing (ens) is false in nature, as there is no being (being is the truth). During the presentation there is a comparison of classical and post-modern philosophy.

This article examines the phenomenon of levity through the prism of the dialectic of simple and complex. For this purpose explicated relations of stupidity and levity, levity and wisdom, wisdom and stupidity. Simple shown as something with the maximum of complexity.

The article examines postmodern as the crisis in the being of human and society in terms of the unity of theory and practice. There is compares postmodern society with the communist and information. There is analysis some variants of development, especially European society in terms of a new source of passionate impulse: new ethno genesis in connection with the increase in the number of migrants, passionate impetus from the US, China, Russia, emergence of a new syncretic religion. The conclusion is that the difference between the post-modern and the freedom not to have an ontological character are only apparent. Postmodern tolerance is a consequence of the absence of ontological foundation of postmodern existence.

The article deals with the issues of faith, religion and atheism in opinion journalism by Russian émigré authors of the second half of the 20th century. During the years of the 'Thaw' the problems of 'scientific atheism' and religion gained popularity as discussion points among writers, journalists and men of culture. The social and political situation in the society led to a series of high-profile court cases and the subsequent forced exile of a number of talented authors and journalists. This exodus began the "third wave" of Russian emigration. Our article looks at how the issues of faith, religion and atheism were treated by such diverse authors as A. Solzhenitsyn, V. Maksimov, A. Siniavskii, A. Zinov'ev, V. Aksionov, F. Gorenstein, M. Epstein, and A. Genis.Soviet émigré authors held widely different views on religion and faith, largely due to their commitment to conflicting literary schools and methods. Self-proclaimed proponents of 'spiritual realism' Solzhenitsyn and Maksimov called for a revival of Russian Orthodox faith, while Siniavskii the postmodernist was more attracted by the Russian Schism, sects and the aesthetics of folk belief, and Zinov'ev oxymoronically self-identified as a 'pious infidel'. All of them, however, agreed that both Soviet and Western societies faced a crisis of spirituality at the end of the 20th century. An important role in social and cultural life of emigrant communities belonged to Orthodox press. Issues of faith and morality were widely debated in the years of the perestroika, with lifting the ban on discussing the mistakes and flaws of how the Soviet power treated religion, faith and religious institutions.We conclude that Russian émigré authors, while focusing on religion, faith and atheism in their opinion journalism, tend to begin with analyzing their own religious experience and views on faith. ; Статья посвящена темам веры, религии и атеизма в публицистических работах авторов русского зарубежья второй половины XX в. В СССР в период «оттепели» вопросы религии и научного атеизма стали активно обсуждаться в среде деятелей культуры, писателей, публицистов. Социально-политическая обстановка в стране обусловила череду громких политических дел и последующую высылку, вынужденный выезд из государства ряда талантливых писателей и журналистов, которых стали называть представителями «третьей волны» русской эмиграции. Статья посвящена анализу вопросов веры, религии, атеизма и содержит исследование творчества А. И. Солженицына, В. Е. Максимова, А. Д. Синявского, А. А. Зиновьева, В. П. Аксенова, Ф. Н. Горенштейна, М. Н. Эпштейна, А. А. Гениса.Творческая эмигрантская интеллигенция из Советского Союза по-разному относилась к вере и религии. В значительной мере это объяснялось приверженностью авторов русского зарубежья к разным литературным направлениям и методам. Так, сторонники духовного реализма А. И. Солженицын и В. Е. Максимов ратовали за возрождение православия, постмодернист А. Д. Синявский интересовался расколом христианства и сектантством, эстетикой народной веры, А. А. Зиновьев называл себя «верующим безбожником». Однако и те и другие отмечали духовно-нравственный кризис как советского, так и западного общества на исходе XX в. Важную роль в социальной и культурно-просветительской жизни эмигрантов сыграли православные издания. Особое значение вопросы духовной нравственности получили в эпоху «перестройки», когда свобода слова и печати позволила открыто обсуждать ошибки и упущения советской власти в отношении веры, религии и религиозных институтов.Сделан вывод о том, что авторы русского зарубежья активно обсуждали в своих публицистических произведениях проблемы религии и веры, а также атеистического мировоззрения. В рассмотрении этих вопросов они исходили из самоанализа собственных религиозных взглядов, чувств, переживаний.

This article discusses the "fundamental onto-epistemological deception " in terms of changes in the state of society in all historical times and reveals his "place" a finding in terms of ontology. It is concluded that "fundamental onto-epistemological deception" "localized" in the Heideggerian "open" between being and what is. The article gives a classification of phenomena, which are summarized under the name of "fundamental onto-epistemological deception" and the criterion of this generalization. Attention is drawn to the socio-philosophical, existential meaning of the concept "simulacrum." Fundamental onto-epistemological deception is revealed as a different sort of human waste from reality, from mirages, deterministic physical laws to simulacra whose absorption as a "spiritual food" takes away the meaning of life and deprives a person of his own "I". During the presentation it shows that the fundamental onto-epistemological deception - is not a phenomenon of the mystical order, as a consequence of free will, which manifests itself, including in the "optics" of perception and its setting. Attention is paid to knowledge as a natural human need and the search for his "I".

The article is devoted to historiography problems of state-religion societies relations in Russia (1940 - 1960) in emigrant and soviet scolarly works. The following questions are considered: scolarly works of emigrants (YMCA-Press), policy of Soviet government in the sphere of state-religion relations in soviet historiography. ; Статья посвящена историографии проблемы взаимоотношения государства и религиозных организаций в России (1940-е - 1960-е гг.) в трудах эмигрантских и советских исследователей. Рассмотрены следующие вопросы: труды эмигрантских историков (ИМКА-Пресс), политика советского государства в сфере государственно-конфессиональных отношений в советской историографии.

Too often today we hear that the Russian social philosophy is not demanded by society, the state ignores the opinion of the humanities. Is this true? Opinion Regional Development Fund and the security of the Omsk region covers FRRB Deputy Director Mikhail Leonidovich Kaluzhsky.

The article analyzes phenomenon of physicality in the context of the concept of «flesh» and in frame the dichotomy of matter and ideas. There is considers materialistic, postmodern and Christian aspects. The materialistic aspect equalizes «body» and «flesh» concepts. The postmodern aspect transforms the «body» in the «soma». And the Christian aspect of the materiality of the body and postulates the possibility of spiritualization of flesh.

This article analyzes the development of the personality in the cultural-historical process in the concept of the great German philosopher Georg Villeguelma Friedrich Gegel. In the heart of development status of the individual in the history of Gegel examines the progress of consciousness of freedom.

Im neuen Lehrbuch der Philosophie soll der bis jetzt wenig beachtete Fragenkomplex theoretisch aufgearbeitet werden: Aspekte der Entwicklung von Individuum, Individualität und Persönlichkeit. In der besonderen Akzentuierung dieser Fragestellungen zeigt sich auch das wachsende Interesse, das die Aspekte der Persönlichkeitsentwicklung im Verlauf der Reform der sowjetischen Gesellschaft gefunden haben. Ziel wissenschaftlicher Forschung ist die Analyse der subjektiven und objektiven Faktoren, die innerhalb eines gesellschaftlichen Umfelds Handeln und Wertorientierungen eines Individuums beeinflussen. Die Entstehung der Persönlichkeit wird anhand der Definitionen der marxistisch-leninistischen Philosophie und der Konzeptionen der bürgerlichen Philosophie dargelegt. (BIOst-Ldg)

Using archival sources, the author examines the urgent problem of the spread of common belief and, accordingly, the transition conditions of the Old Believersin it. Common Faith Church was one of the most common methods of struggle of the government and the official Orthodox Church with "developing a split." In the 19th century the Tomsk province was able to create 13 Churches of Common Faith. However, the conversion of the Old Believers in the Church of Common Faith as well as keeping people there often wore a voluntative character. Active use of administrative and police apparatus allowed local officials and clergy of the Synod of the Church to quickly form the Parish of Common Faith, to achieve official recognition, honors and state cash prize. Common Faith Church was supposed to exist in the alien to it official Orthodoxy system with its anti-split" paradigm. The Common Believers were severely restricted in their rights. They resented their dual status: they were neither nikonians, nor Old Believers. Accordingly, the Common Faith did not receive the expected wide- scaled spread. On unconditional rights only a small part of the Old Believers accepted the Common Faith.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)5-08 ; Используя архивные источники, автор рассматривает актуальную проблему условий распространения единоверия и, соответственно, условий перехода в него староверов. Единоверческая церковь была одним из распространенных способов борьбы государственной власти и официальной православной церкви с «развивающимся расколом». В XIX в. на территории Томской губернии удалось создать 13 единоверческих церквей. Однако зачисление старообрядцев в единоверческую церковь часто происходило насильственно. Также насильственным было и удержание в ней. Активное использование административно-полицейского аппарата позволяло местным чиновникам и служителям синодальной церкви быстро сформировать единоверческий приход, добиться служебного признания, почетных наград и государственной денежной премии. Единоверческая церковь должна была существовать в чуждой для нее системе казенного православия с ее «противораскольнической» парадигмой. Единоверцы были ограничены в своих правах. Они тяготились своим двойственным статусом: и не никониане, и не старообрядцы. Соответственно, единоверие, вопреки ожиданиям властей, не получило большого распространения. На безусловных правах в единоверие вступила лишь незначительная часть старообрядцев.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)5-08

In the article the problem of spirituality in economic activity, there is an emphasis on the moral and ethical aspect of the economy, and economic culture. The definition of spirituality as the quality of the soul, as the main characteristic of the culture. Considered philosophical views on the culture of the person, the economy, the principal aspects of the theories of needs.