Suchergebnisse

This article discusses the historical and philosophical forms of the existence of the fundamental onto-epistemological deception, in other words, archaeological exposition genealogy prospects fundamental onto-epistemological deception. The article related the "disintegration" of being and the "deconstruction" of metaphysics with the elimination of transcendentas something that is outside the subject-object relationship. Outside of the subject-object relationship was placed nothing, and being became nothing in next time. There are based on this think make conclusion about the dissolution of human in discourse and breakup of social role from a human. There are briefly shows the history of the relation of text and reality. There are tried to present postmodern philosophy in classical terms, near to the Hegelian. This explication helped define the concept of "simulacrum" through the concept of «thing (ens)" (ontic definition). Simulacrum is thing (ens) that cannot go out of possibility into reality due to the collapse of being, but differs by Difference like thing into unbeing. Such thing (ens) is false in nature, as there is no being (being is the truth). During the presentation there is a comparison of classical and post-modern philosophy.

This article examines the phenomenon of levity through the prism of the dialectic of simple and complex. For this purpose explicated relations of stupidity and levity, levity and wisdom, wisdom and stupidity. Simple shown as something with the maximum of complexity.

The article deals with the features of sociological analysis of religion in Russia during the imperial period of its history. The national sociological tradition of study of religion as a socio-cultural phenomenon and a social institution, which was developed during this period, had its own unique and peculiar appearance and was just begun to revive again in post-Soviet Russia, is sharply different from the tradition that took place in the West. In this context, the appeal to the works of classics of Russian religious, socio-political thought, unfortunately undeservedly forgotten, is a very promising area of modern sociological research.When studying this problem, the author emphasizes the study of the works of representatives of three ideological areas of Russian religious and socio-political thought: conservatism, liberalism and socialism, as well as the peculiarities of the historical development of Russian society and the state and those events that had a significant impact on the formation and development of scientific understanding of religion in Russia. Among such features, the author, in particular, refers to the formation of an "antisystem" (systemic integrity of people who are negative about their homeland, hate their own nation, its values and culture, history, traditional religious, political and social systems) among the Russian intelligentsia, bureaucracy and part of the elite of Russian society, under a certain influence of Westernism, as a consequence of the spiritual schism of the 18th century, which occurred in the educated strata and elite of Russian society.The author of the article analyzing the views of A.I. Herzen, P.L. Lavrov, M.A. Bakunin, P.A. Kropotkin, G.V. Plekhanov, V.I. Lenin, emphasizes the understanding of religious issues by representatives, primarily the socialist camp, who dreamed of carrying out a socialist revolution in Russia and who were extremely negative about religion, religious institutions and the traditional life of society. He notes the fact that the authors mentioned above were more concerned with introducing various ideological stamps into science, as well as using political technologies to discredit in a destructive way for society and the State, this traditionally important sphere of life for any society and an influential social institution. Against this background, a peculiar exception to the rules was the balanced, scientifically based approach to sociological analysis of religion in society developed by P.A. Sorokin, with an emphasis on the study of the integrating role of religion in social stratification. ; Настоящая статья посвящена исследованию особенностей социологического анализа религии в России в имперский период ее истории. Отечественная социологическая традиция изучения религии как социокультурного феномена и социального института, сложившаяся в этот период, имеет свой неповторимый и своеобразный облик. Она к настоящему моменту только начинает возрождаться в постсоветской России, и резко отличается от той традиции, которая имела место на Западе. В этом контексте обращение к трудам классиков русской религиозной, социально-политической мысли, к сожалению, незаслуженно забытых, является очень перспективным направлением современных социологических исследований в данной области.При изучении данной проблемы автор делает акцент на исследовании работ представителей трех идеологических направлений русской религиозной и социально-политической мысли: консерватизма, либерализма и социализма, а также особенностях исторического развития российского общества и государства и тех событиях, которые оказали знаковое влияние на становление и развитие научного осмысления религии в России. К таким особенностям, автор, в частности, относит формирование "антисистемы" (системной целостности людей, негативно относящихся к своей Родине, ненавидящих свою собственную нацию, ее ценности и культуру, историю, традиционные религиозные, политические и социальные системы) в среде русской интеллигенции, бюрократии и части элиты русского общества, под определенным влиянием западничества, как последствие духовного раскола XVIII в., произошедшего в образованных слоях и элите русского общества.Автор статьи делает акцент на осмыслении религиозной проблематики представителями, прежде всего, социалистического лагеря, мечтавшими осуществить социалистическую революцию в России и крайне негативно относившимися к религии, религиозным институтам и традиционным устоям жизнедеятельности общества, анализируя воззрения А.И. Герцена, П.Л. Лаврова, М.А. Бакунина, П.А. Кропоткина, Г.В. Плеханова, В.И. Ленина. Он отмечает тот факт, что упомянутые авторы в большей степени занимались привнесением в науку различных идеологических штампов, а также использованием политтехнологий для дискредитации в деструктивном для общества и государства ключе, этой традиционно значимой для любого общества сферы жизнедеятельности и влиятельного социального института. На этом фоне, своеобразным исключением из правил являлся разработанный П.А. Сорокиным взвешенный, научно обоснованный подход к социологическому анализу религии в обществе, с акцентом на изучение интегрирующей роли религии в социальной стратификации общества.

The article analyzes the process of adaptation of labor migrants from Central Asia in the Republic of Tatarstan. Today, migrants occupy a significant place in modern Russian society. In terms of the number of incoming migrants, Russia occupies one of the leading places in the world. In our study, we studied the process of adaptation of the largest ethnic groups from Central Asia (Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Tajiks, Kirghiz). We were interested in how the process of adaptation of labor migrants from Central Asia takes place, what adaptation strategy they choose in certain circumstances, what problems they face, how they solve them and whose help they turn to in solving them. In addition, it was important to study the readiness of the local population to accept labor migrants arriving in our country. During the study, two main methods were used: expert interviews and population surveys. During the expert interview, experts from various fields were interviewed: researchers, public figures, civil servants of the Republic of Tatarstan. According to the results, it was revealed that the adaptation process is very ambiguous and complex: every year, mainly at the expense of young people, the share of labor migrants increases, whose level of Russian language proficiency is very low, this fact negatively affects adaptation. In addition, the choice of adaptation strategy largely depends on the goals of the incoming migrant. An important role in the success (or, conversely, failure) of adaptation is played by the local host population. A survey was conducted among residents of Tatarstan, in which 400 respondents were interviewed using a questionnaire created in a Google Form. The results showed that the majority of respondents are ready to accept labor migrants and do not see any serious reasons for preventing the latter from entering the territory of Tatarstan. However, some respondents have a negative attitude towards them and are in favor of limiting their stay in the Republic of Tatarstan.

The article deals with the features of sociological analysis of religion in Russia during the imperial period of its history. The national sociological tradition of study of religion as a socio-cultural phenomenon and a social institution, which was developed during this period, had its own unique and peculiar appearance and was just begun to revive again in post-Soviet Russia, is sharply different from the tradition that took place in the West. In this context, the appeal to the works of classics of Russian religious, socio-political thought, unfortunately undeservedly forgotten, is a very promising area of modern sociological research. When studying this issue, the author emphasizes the peculiarities of the historical development of Russian society and the state and the events that had a significant impact on the formation and development of scientific understanding of religion in Russia: reforms of Peter I, the elimination of patriarchy, the independence of the Russian Orthodox Church, its transformation into part of the bureaucratic state system created by Peter I, the beginning of a large-scale process of secularization of Russian society, the emergence of Westernism (the direction of the Russian social thought and political ideology focused on values of the Western European culture, which is negative to the idea of originality, an originality, uniqueness of ways of development of the Russian culture, combined with the aspiration of representatives of this trend to impose to the Russian nation of a form of the western culture, social practice and political system, rejecting the system of values and traditional foundations of activity of the Russian society), the imperial nature of the Russian statehood and official imperial ideology. The author analyzes the content of the Uvarov's triad formula, which underlies the official imperial ideology, as well as the discussions that took place between representatives of Slavophilism and Westernism about understanding the historical path and fate of Russia, the historical role of Orthodoxy, the Russian Orthodox Church in the fate of the Russian people, Russian society and the state, as well as the whole world. In his opinion, this problem has remained relevant to the present, including in the framework of a sociological analysis of religion in post-Soviet Russia. ; Настоящая статья посвящена исследованию особенностей социологического анализа религии в России в имперский период ее истории. Отечественная социологическая традиция изучения религии как социокультурного феномена и социального института, сложившаяся в этот период, имеет свой неповторимый и своеобразный облик. Она к настоящему моменту только начинает возрождаться в постсоветской России, и резко отличается от той традиции, которая имела место на Западе. В этом контексте обращение к трудам классиков русской религиозной, социально-политической мысли, к сожалению, незаслуженно забытых, является очень перспективным направлением современных социологических исследований в данной области. При изучении данной проблемы автор делает акцент на особенностях исторического развития российского общества и государства и тех событиях, которые оказали знаковое влияние на становление и развитие научного осмысления религии в России: реформы Петра I, ликвидацию патриаршества, самостоятельности Русской Православной Церкви, превращение ее в часть созданной Петром I бюрократической государственной системы, начало масштабного процесса секуляризации российского общества, возникновении западничества (направления русской общественной мысли и политической идеологии, ориентированного на ценности западноевропейской культуры, отрицательно относящегося к идее самобытности, своеобразия, уникальности путей развития русской культуры, сочетающееся со стремлением представителей этой тенденции навязать русской нации формы западной культуры, социальной практики и политического устройства, отвергая систему ценностей и традиционных устоев жизнедеятельности русского общества), имперский характер российской государственности и официальную имперскую идеологию. Автор статьи анализирует содержание формулы-триады С.С. Уварова, лежащей в основе официальной имперской идеологии, а также дискуссии, которые происходили между представителями славянофильства и западничества по поводу осмысления исторического пути и судьбы России, исторической роли православия, Русской Православной Церкви в судьбе русского народа, российского общества и государства, а также всего мира. Данная проблематика сохранила свою актуальность до настоящего времени, в том числе в рамках социологического анализа религии в постсоветской России.

The article examines postmodern as the crisis in the being of human and society in terms of the unity of theory and practice. There is compares postmodern society with the communist and information. There is analysis some variants of development, especially European society in terms of a new source of passionate impulse: new ethno genesis in connection with the increase in the number of migrants, passionate impetus from the US, China, Russia, emergence of a new syncretic religion. The conclusion is that the difference between the post-modern and the freedom not to have an ontological character are only apparent. Postmodern tolerance is a consequence of the absence of ontological foundation of postmodern existence.

The article deals with the issues of faith, religion and atheism in opinion journalism by Russian émigré authors of the second half of the 20th century. During the years of the 'Thaw' the problems of 'scientific atheism' and religion gained popularity as discussion points among writers, journalists and men of culture. The social and political situation in the society led to a series of high-profile court cases and the subsequent forced exile of a number of talented authors and journalists. This exodus began the "third wave" of Russian emigration. Our article looks at how the issues of faith, religion and atheism were treated by such diverse authors as A. Solzhenitsyn, V. Maksimov, A. Siniavskii, A. Zinov'ev, V. Aksionov, F. Gorenstein, M. Epstein, and A. Genis.Soviet émigré authors held widely different views on religion and faith, largely due to their commitment to conflicting literary schools and methods. Self-proclaimed proponents of 'spiritual realism' Solzhenitsyn and Maksimov called for a revival of Russian Orthodox faith, while Siniavskii the postmodernist was more attracted by the Russian Schism, sects and the aesthetics of folk belief, and Zinov'ev oxymoronically self-identified as a 'pious infidel'. All of them, however, agreed that both Soviet and Western societies faced a crisis of spirituality at the end of the 20th century. An important role in social and cultural life of emigrant communities belonged to Orthodox press. Issues of faith and morality were widely debated in the years of the perestroika, with lifting the ban on discussing the mistakes and flaws of how the Soviet power treated religion, faith and religious institutions.We conclude that Russian émigré authors, while focusing on religion, faith and atheism in their opinion journalism, tend to begin with analyzing their own religious experience and views on faith. ; Статья посвящена темам веры, религии и атеизма в публицистических работах авторов русского зарубежья второй половины XX в. В СССР в период «оттепели» вопросы религии и научного атеизма стали активно обсуждаться в среде деятелей культуры, писателей, публицистов. Социально-политическая обстановка в стране обусловила череду громких политических дел и последующую высылку, вынужденный выезд из государства ряда талантливых писателей и журналистов, которых стали называть представителями «третьей волны» русской эмиграции. Статья посвящена анализу вопросов веры, религии, атеизма и содержит исследование творчества А. И. Солженицына, В. Е. Максимова, А. Д. Синявского, А. А. Зиновьева, В. П. Аксенова, Ф. Н. Горенштейна, М. Н. Эпштейна, А. А. Гениса.Творческая эмигрантская интеллигенция из Советского Союза по-разному относилась к вере и религии. В значительной мере это объяснялось приверженностью авторов русского зарубежья к разным литературным направлениям и методам. Так, сторонники духовного реализма А. И. Солженицын и В. Е. Максимов ратовали за возрождение православия, постмодернист А. Д. Синявский интересовался расколом христианства и сектантством, эстетикой народной веры, А. А. Зиновьев называл себя «верующим безбожником». Однако и те и другие отмечали духовно-нравственный кризис как советского, так и западного общества на исходе XX в. Важную роль в социальной и культурно-просветительской жизни эмигрантов сыграли православные издания. Особое значение вопросы духовной нравственности получили в эпоху «перестройки», когда свобода слова и печати позволила открыто обсуждать ошибки и упущения советской власти в отношении веры, религии и религиозных институтов.Сделан вывод о том, что авторы русского зарубежья активно обсуждали в своих публицистических произведениях проблемы религии и веры, а также атеистического мировоззрения. В рассмотрении этих вопросов они исходили из самоанализа собственных религиозных взглядов, чувств, переживаний.

Bu tez Karacadağ Türkmen aşiretinin sosyo-kültürel yaşamı doğrultusunda arabuluculuk ve arabuluculukta dinin etkisini ortaya koyma amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Şanlıurfa'nın Siverek ilçesine bağlı Karacadağ bölgesinde yer alan ve 58 köyden oluşan Karacadağ Türkmen Aşireti ele alınmaktadır. İki bölümden oluşan bu tezin birinci bölümünde aşiret, aksakallı (Risıpi) ve arabuluculuk kavramları üzerinde durulmakta ve Karacadağ ile Karacadağ Türkmen aşireti (Türkan, Tırkan Aşireti) hakkında genel bilgilere yer verilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra araştırmanın amacına, kapsamına ve veri toplama tekniklerine bu bölümde yer verilmektedir. Tezin ikinci bölümünde ise arabuluculuk gerektiren sosyal sorunlar ve örnek olaylar yer almaktadır. İkinci bölümde arabuluculuk gerektiren sosyal sorunlar yedi başlık altında toplanmış olup, bu sosyal sorunlar yaşanan örnek olaylarla desteklenerek değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışmanın konusuyla ilgili yazılı kaynaklar çok sınırlı olması sebebiyle genel olarak sözlü kaynaklara başvurulmuştur. Karacadağ Türkmen Aşireti arabulucuları araştırmamıza önemli ölçüde kaynaklık etmiştir. Öncelikle bir ön hazırlık olarak aşiret içinde bilinen arabulucuların katıldığı sohbetlere katılım gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ardından ve ilerleyen süreçlerde aşirette arabuluculukta etkin olan arabulucularla (örneğin Hacı Hasan Kaya ve Hacı Abdülkerim İrim) yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bölgede konuşulan dilin Kürtçe/Kurmançca olması, görüşmelerin çoğunun Kürtçe olarak icra edilmesini beraberinde getirmiştir ve görüşmelerde ses kaydı da kullanılmıştır. Bu ses kayıtları tekrar incelendikten sonra Türkçe çevirisiyle yazıya geçirilmiştir. v Aksakallılar arabuluculuğun işlevselliği adına önem taşırken aşiret içinde ve aşiretler arasında saygınlık kazanan şeyhler ve din adamları da bu işlevselliğin önemli bir parçası konumundadırlar. Bu doğrultuda arabuluculukta dinin etkisi bu sistemin işlevselliğinde büyük bir etkendir. Bu çalışmada bunlar dikkate alınarak şeyhlerin ve diğer din adamların hem katıldığı hem de katılmadığı örnek olaylar ele alınıp arabuluculuk ve arabuluculukta dinin etkisi ortaya konulacaktır. ; This thesis has been prepared in order to reveal the effect of religion in mediation and mediation in the direction of socio-cultural life of Karacadağ Turkmen tribe. In accordance with this purpose, Karacadağ Turkmen Tribe, consisting of 58 villages and located in the Karacadağ district of Şanlıurfa's Siverek district, was dealt with. This thesis consists of two parts. In the first chapter, the concepts of tribe, whitebearded (Risıpi) and mediation are emphasized and general information about karacadağ and Karacadağ Türkmen tribe (Türkan, Tırkan Aşireti) is mentioned. At the same time, the purpose, scope and data collection techniques of the research were included in this section. In the second part of the thesis, social problems and case examples that require mediation are included. In this section, social problems that require mediation are collected under seven headings and these social problems are supported by case studies. Most of the oral sources have been referred to in the light of the fact that the written sources about this work are very limited. The Karacadağ Türkmen tribe has been an important source of the research. First of all, as a preliminary preparation, participation in the conversations attended by known mediators in the tribe took place and in later stages structured interviews were carried out with mediators (eg Hacı Hasan Kaya and Hacı Abdülkerim İrim) who were active in tribal mediation. Since the language spoken in the region is Kurdish / Kurmanchi, most of the interviews were made in Kurdish and audio recordings were used in the talks. After reviewing these sound recordings, they were transcribed in Turkish. While the whitebearded are important to the functioning of the mediator, the sheikhs and clerics, who are respected in the tribe and among the tribes, are also an important part of this function. In this direction, the effect of religion on mediation is a great influence on the functionality of this system. In this study, these are taken into consideration and the different case studies on which the sheikhs and other religious men participated and disagreed were discussed and the effect of religion on mediation and mediation is revealed.

Bu tez Karacadağ Türkmen aşiretinin sosyo-kültürel yaşamı doğrultusunda arabuluculuk ve arabuluculukta dinin etkisini ortaya koyma amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Şanlıurfa'nın Siverek ilçesine bağlı Karacadağ bölgesinde yer alan ve 58 köyden oluşan Karacadağ Türkmen Aşireti ele alınmaktadır. İki bölümden oluşan bu tezin birinci bölümünde aşiret, aksakallı (Risıpi) ve arabuluculuk kavramları üzerinde durulmakta ve Karacadağ ile Karacadağ Türkmen aşireti (Türkan, Tırkan Aşireti) hakkında genel bilgilere yer verilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra araştırmanın amacına, kapsamına ve veri toplama tekniklerine bu bölümde yer verilmektedir. Tezin ikinci bölümünde ise arabuluculuk gerektiren sosyal sorunlar ve örnek olaylar yer almaktadır. İkinci bölümde arabuluculuk gerektiren sosyal sorunlar yedi başlık altında toplanmış olup, bu sosyal sorunlar yaşanan örnek olaylarla desteklenerek değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışmanın konusuyla ilgili yazılı kaynaklar çok sınırlı olması sebebiyle genel olarak sözlü kaynaklara başvurulmuştur. Karacadağ Türkmen Aşireti arabulucuları araştırmamıza önemli ölçüde kaynaklık etmiştir. Öncelikle bir ön hazırlık olarak aşiret içinde bilinen arabulucuların katıldığı sohbetlere katılım gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ardından ve ilerleyen süreçlerde aşirette arabuluculukta etkin olan arabulucularla (örneğin Hacı Hasan Kaya ve Hacı Abdülkerim İrim) yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bölgede konuşulan dilin Kürtçe/Kurmançca olması, görüşmelerin çoğunun Kürtçe olarak icra edilmesini beraberinde getirmiştir ve görüşmelerde ses kaydı da kullanılmıştır. Bu ses kayıtları tekrar incelendikten sonra Türkçe çevirisiyle yazıya geçirilmiştir. Aksakallılar arabuluculuğun işlevselliği adına önem taşırken aşiret içinde ve aşiretler arasında saygınlık kazanan şeyhler ve din adamları da bu işlevselliğin önemli bir parçası konumundadırlar. Bu doğrultuda arabuluculukta dinin etkisi bu sistemin işlevselliğinde büyük bir etkendir. Bu çalışmada bunlar dikkate alınarak şeyhlerin ve diğer din adamların hem katıldığı hem de katılmadığı örnek olaylar ele alınıp arabuluculuk ve arabuluculukta dinin etkisi ortaya konulacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Karacadağ, Türkmen, Aşiret, Arabuluculuk, Anlaşmazlık, Aksakallı(Risıpi) ; This thesis has been prepared in order to reveal the effect of religion in mediation and mediation in the direction of socio-cultural life of Karacadağ Turkmen tribe. In accordance with this purpose, Karacadağ Turkmen Tribe, consisting of 58 villages and located in the Karacadağ district of Şanlıurfa's Siverek district, was dealt with. This thesis consists of two parts. In the first chapter, the concepts of tribe, whitebearded (Risıpi) and mediation are emphasized and general information about karacadağ and Karacadağ Türkmen tribe (Türkan, Tırkan Aşireti) is mentioned. At the same time, the purpose, scope and data collection techniques of the research were included in this section. In the second part of the thesis, social problems and case examples that require mediation are included. In this section, social problems that require mediation are collected under seven headings and these social problems are supported by case studies. Most of the oral sources have been referred to in the light of the fact that the written sources about this work are very limited. The Karacadağ Türkmen tribe has been an important source of the research. First of all, as a preliminary preparation, participation in the conversations attended by known mediators in the tribe took place and in later stages structured interviews were carried out with mediators (eg Hacı Hasan Kaya and Hacı Abdülkerim İrim) who were active in tribal mediation. Since the language spoken in the region is Kurdish / Kurmanchi, most of the interviews were made in Kurdish and audio recordings were used in the talks. After reviewing these sound recordings, they were transcribed in Turkish. While the whitebearded are important to the functioning of the mediator, the sheikhs and clerics, who are respected in the tribe and among the tribes, are also an important part of this function. In this direction, the effect of religion on mediation is a great influence on the functionality of this system. In this study, these are taken into consideration and the different case studies on which the sheikhs and other religious men participated and disagreed were discussed and the effect of religion on mediation and mediation is revealed. Key words: Karacadağ, Türkmen, Tribe, Mediation, Conflict, Whitebearded (Risıpi)

Siyaset sahnesine çıkması 1990'lı yıllara rastlayan ve ağır-lıklı olarak Kürtlerin sorunlarını, etnik siyaseti ve kimlik prob-lemlerini ön plana çıkaran Kürt siyaseti; ana omurgasını Halkın Emek Partisi (HEP), Özgürlük ve Demokrasi Partisi (ÖZDEP), Demokrasi Partisi (DEP), Halkın Demokrasi Partisi (HADEP), Demokratik Halk Partisi (DEHAP), Demokratik Toplum Partisi (DTP), Barış ve Demokrasi Partisi (BDP) ve Halkların Demokra-tik Partisi (HDP) gibi sol tandanslı partiler oluşturmaktadır. Sol söylemi benimseyen ve sosyal demokrat partilerle ittifak eden bu hareket, özellikle nüfusun yoğunluğunu Kürtlerin oluştur-duğu Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinden oy almakta-dır. Bu makalede; Kürt siyasal hareketinin dine, laikliğe, din eğitimine, Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı'na, İmam Hatip Okullarına, Aleviliğe bakışı partinin resmi yayınlarına, parti sözcülerinin ve eş başkanların konuşmalarına müracaat edilerek analiz edile-cektir. HDP'nin din söylemi bütüncül bir perspektifle ortaya koymak için belirlenen metodoloji ise deskriptif yöntem ve kısmen söylem analizidir. Bunın içinde öncelikle Kürt siyasal hareketinin kısa tarihçesi ve ideolojik bagajı verilerek HDP'nin din söylemi, belli parametreler doğrultusunda incelenecektir. ; The Kurdish politics which go on political scene coin-cided with the 1990s and predominantly address Kurdish prob-lems, ethnic politics and identity problem; its main backbone is formed with left-handed parties such as The Peoples' Labor Party (HEP), Freedom and Democracy Party (ÖZDEP), Democ-racy Party (DEP), The People's Democracy Party (HADEP), Democratic Peoples Party (DEHAP), The Democratic Society Party (DTP), the Peace and Democracy Party (BDP) and the Pe-ople's Democratic Party (HDP). This movement which embra-ces the left-wing discourse and alliances with social democratic parties takes votes in the eastern and southeastern Anatolia re-gion where the population is especially consist of mostly by the Kurds. In this article, The Kurdish political movement will be analyzed by referring ...

20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren meydana gelen birtakım olaylar, dini uluslararası ilişkiler alanında görünür kılmıştır. Özellikle 11 Eylül 2001 tarihinde, ABD'de gerçekleşen terörist saldırılar, uluslararası ilişkiler ve dış politika ile ilgili yapılan analizlerde, gözlerin din olgusuna çevrilmesine neden olmuştur. Esasen din-dış politika etkileşimi, çok uzun ve köklü bir geçmişe sahiptir. Bu tarihsel süreç incelendiğinde, dinin çıkarları gerçekleştirme hususunda etkili bir araç olarak kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Dinin uluslararası ilişkiler ve dış politika üzerindeki bu rolü, uluslararası ilişkiler teorilerinden realizm tarafından da tasdik edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda yapılan bazı araştırmalar, dinin gerek bir güç unsuru olarak gerekse de meşrulaştırıcı bir araç olarak devletlerin bölgesel ve uluslararası meselelere yaklaşımında rol oynadığını ortaya koymuştur. Günümüzde, dinin söz konusu özelliklerini en etkin biçimde kullanmaya çalışan devlet, teokratik bir yönetim modeline sahip olan İran İslam Cumhuriyeti'dir. İran İslam Cumhuriyeti, kurulduğu günden bu yana Orta Doğu'daki etkinliğini artırma gayreti içerisindedir. Bu doğrultuda ortaya konan ilk dış politika uygulaması, devrim ihracı politikası olmuştur. Devrim ihracı politikası ile Orta Doğu'da kendi yönetim modeline benzer rejimler kurulmasını amaçlayan İran'ın, bu noktada açık bir şekilde başarısızlığa uğradığı görülmektedir. Bu nedenle 1990'larda rafa kaldırılan devrim ihracı politikası, mezhep eksenli bir yaklaşımla yeniden yorumlanarak, 2004 yılında, ''Şii Hilali Söylemi'' adı altında yeniden gündeme gelmiştir. Şii Hilali söylemi, her ne kadar mezhep temelli bir yaklaşım olarak gözükse de İran'ın Orta Doğu'daki etkinlik arayışının bir parçası olduğu açıktır. ; Certain events which have taken place beginning from the second half of the 20th century have made the religion visible in the field of international relations. Especially, the terrorist attacks which took place in the USA on September 11, 2001 have turned our eyes to the phenomenon of religion in the analysis of international relations and foreign policy. As a matter of fact, interaction of religion and foreign policy has a very long and deep-rooted history. When this historical process is examined, it is seen that religion has been used as an effective tool in fulfilling interests. This role of religion in international relations and foreign policy has also been confirmed by realism in international relations theories. Some researches conducted in this aspect have revealed that religion plays a role both as an element of power and as a legitimating tool in the approach of states to regional and international issues. These days, the Islamic Republic of Iran which is a theocratic state is trying to use the mentioned features of religion in the most effective way. The Islamic Republic of Iran has been in a struggle for increasing its effectiveness in the Middle East since its establishment. The first foreign policy implementation put forward to achieve this goal was the policy of exporting the revolutions. At this point, it is seen that Iran, which aims to establish regimes correspond to its own government in the Middle East with its policy of exporting the revolutions, clearly failed. As a consequence, the policy of revolution export, which was put aside in the 1990's, was reinterpreted with a sectarian oriented approach and came up again in 2004 under the name of "Shia Crescent Discourse''. Although the Shia Crescent discourse seems to be a sectarian-based approach, it is clear that this discourse is a part of Iran's search for effectiveness in the Middle East.

This article discusses the "fundamental onto-epistemological deception " in terms of changes in the state of society in all historical times and reveals his "place" a finding in terms of ontology. It is concluded that "fundamental onto-epistemological deception" "localized" in the Heideggerian "open" between being and what is. The article gives a classification of phenomena, which are summarized under the name of "fundamental onto-epistemological deception" and the criterion of this generalization. Attention is drawn to the socio-philosophical, existential meaning of the concept "simulacrum." Fundamental onto-epistemological deception is revealed as a different sort of human waste from reality, from mirages, deterministic physical laws to simulacra whose absorption as a "spiritual food" takes away the meaning of life and deprives a person of his own "I". During the presentation it shows that the fundamental onto-epistemological deception - is not a phenomenon of the mystical order, as a consequence of free will, which manifests itself, including in the "optics" of perception and its setting. Attention is paid to knowledge as a natural human need and the search for his "I".

İnsanın varoluşsal istek ve acılarına hitap eden din, dünyanın en eski ve köklü kurumlarından biridir. Evrenin ve dünyanın yaratılışı ile birlikte orada kendi yaşamının nedeni, anlamı, düzeni ve sonrası konusunda duyduğu aydınlanma arzusunun tanrısal bir yansımasıdır. Din bireylere sağladığı ontolojik bilgi referansından beslenen huzur ve güvenlik duygusunun yanı sıra, toplumu bir arada tutan gelenek, hukuk ve siyasetin şekillenmesine olan katkısı açısından da toplumun temel taşı olmayı hak etmektedir. Bu nedenle, geleneksel, hukuksal, toplumsal ve siyasal yapılarla ilgili kişisel ve toplumsal yönelimlere ilişkin bilimsel çözümlemelerde öncelikle dikkate alınması gereken yaşamsal dinamiklerden biri olduğunda kuşku yoktur. Bu çalışmanın hedefi, dinî inançların siyasal tutumlar ve seçmen davranışları üzerindeki etkisini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Çalışmanın konusuna paralel olarak siyasal kimlik ve davranışların oluşum ve hareketinde büyük bir rol oynayan din kurumuyla ilgili bireysel ve toplumsal algı ve bu algının siyasal yapı üzerindeki etkileri çerçevesinde siyasal halkla ilişkilerin önemli bir enstrüman ve aktörü olarak dinin fonksiyonu zaman zaman akademik çevrelerin ilgisini çekmektedir. Burada öne çıkan ve yanıtı aranan, dinin bireylerin siyasal davranışını ve seçmen tercihini etkileyip etkilemediği ve ortaya çıkan yanıt olumluysa hangi ölçüde etkilediği sorularıdır. Söz konusu sorulara nesnel ve bilimsel yanıtlar bulunabilmesi için literatür taraması yoluyla yapılandırılacak kapsamlı bir kuramsal çalışmanın ardından Türkiye'nin İç Anadolu Bölgesi'nin dört büyük kentleri olan Ankara, Eskişehir, Konya ve Kayseri'de tesadüfî örneklem yoluyla seçilen 800 denek üzerinde yapılan anket çalışması neticesinde elde edilmiş olan veriler üzerinde öncelikle bir faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Ortaya çıkan faktörlerin mevcut değişkenlerle karşılaştırılmasında "tek yönlü varyans analizi" (one-way anova); aynı değerler açısından cinsiyete göre değerlendirmeler yapabilmek amacıyla bağımsız örneklem "T testi" (Independent Samplest T test); siyasal tutum ölçeği, siyasal bilgi kaynağı ve dinî bilgi kaynağının maddelerinin önem düzeylerini belirlemek için Aritmetik Ortalama (A.O.) testi; ayrıca kategorik (nominal) düzeydeki değişkenlerin birbirleriyle olan ilişkilerini çözümlemek için "Ki kare" testi kullanılmıştır. Böylelikle elde edilmiş olan sonuçlardan hareketle, araştırma hipotezlerinin test edilebilmesine yönelik olarak anlamlı ve genellenebilir sonuçlara ulaşılmış bulunmaktadır. ; Religion which has always called upon the human being's nature's unalterable laws and more specifically its existential desires and afflictions is no doubt one of the oldest, deep-rooted and most important traditional institutions on the face of the Earth. It is a divine reflection of mankind's craving and effort to interrogate and understand the reasons of creation of the universe, the meaning of life on Earth and the life after death. Religion, as the most outstanding basis of tradition, law and politics at the same time, obviously deserves to be the most vigorous founding body of the society, as well as the individuals' ontological resource of peace and security provided with its heavenly, celestial knowledge references. Hence, having an important influence on forming the individuals' wordview in general and correspondingly their political perception and identities, it is widely taken into consideration as an efficient factor before all else in the processes of academic studies and scientific researches on political issues such as political attitude, voting behaviour and electoral behaviour. The main target of this study is to yield up whether religiosity has a considerable amount of influence on the formation of political identity and political behaviors. If it has an enormous effect on them as an major instrument and actor, to what extent does it operate behind the individuals' political attitudes and political decision-making processes? After a noteworthy sum of theoretical part, application of a comprehensive survey is planned to carry out for finding out satisfying objective and scientific answers to those questions. At the end of the application part of the study, first of all, a factor analysis was made on available data. Then a One-Way Anova was made in comparison of obtained factors with present variables and also an Independent Samplest T Test was made so as to be able to make evaluations in the same direction. In addition, the programme called Ki Square was used in order to resolve the relationships among variables at nominal level. In the meantime, Arithmetical Mean Test was used in order to find out the sequence of significance of articles of the scale of political attitude and also the resources of political and religious information. Thereafter, it was tried to be reached at the whole necessary explicit and definitive results which could also be generalized to similar events. The significant conclusion that religion is directly effective on forming political attitude and directing electoral behaviors was finally reached in the light of analysis of those available findings.

The article is devoted to historiography problems of state-religion societies relations in Russia (1940 - 1960) in emigrant and soviet scolarly works. The following questions are considered: scolarly works of emigrants (YMCA-Press), policy of Soviet government in the sphere of state-religion relations in soviet historiography. ; Статья посвящена историографии проблемы взаимоотношения государства и религиозных организаций в России (1940-е - 1960-е гг.) в трудах эмигрантских и советских исследователей. Рассмотрены следующие вопросы: труды эмигрантских историков (ИМКА-Пресс), политика советского государства в сфере государственно-конфессиональных отношений в советской историографии.