Suchergebnisse

Regardless of the role religion plays in the world today, ie despite the significant deprivatization of faith in the sociocultural space & in politics, contemporary Czech sociology of religion is in rather poor shape. The author presents a number of factors to explain this, including the legacy of the communist regime, & low levels of church attendance in the Czech Republic, the latter having been erroneously interpreted as non-religiosity. But the author focuses mainly one other reason: the discordant legacy of Czech pre-communist sociology of religion & the neighboring field of social studies. Two different traditions of the subject are identified - the 'profane' sociology of religion, founded by T. G. Masaryk, & Catholic religious sociology. Although the former legacy declared itself non-religious & even anti-clerical, in the case of many of its followers this claim was only partially true. In the 1930s & 1940s, when they (especially Prague's sociological school, which formed a certain opposition to Masaryk) turned more toward Durkheimian attitudes, they emphasized, for example, their own religious experience as a necessary tool for understanding piety. On the other hand, Catholic religious sociology was closely related to church activism, policy, & contemporary social work, ie, strictly conservative & anti-modern. Its way of understanding modern society was discounted by the former group of scholars, though to at least some degree, the two legacies shared similar methodological approaches. Both certainly seem outdated today, but their theoretical & methodological discussions & their findings remain of importance. Consequently, a re-thinking of these legacies & their theoretical backgrounds is still significant for the sociology of religion today.

Obálka -- Obsah -- Náboženství jako forma smyslu -- Kódování -- Funkce náboženství -- Kontingenční vzorec Bůh -- Diferenciace náboženské komunikace -- Náboženské organizace -- Evoluce náboženství -- Sekularizace -- Sebepopis -- Doslov k českému vydání -- Rejstřík

The study deals with pilgrimages to Esquipulas, Guatemala, and patterns of miracle in terms of their perception by the pilgrims reaching this prominent religious hub of Central America. Two key pilgrimage discourses are distinguished: traditional Maya pilgrimage, based on regular, calendar customs, and conventional Catholic pilgrimage, founded on occasional journeys to fulfil a vow. The Western understanding of miracle as a transgression of "natural laws" or "common course of nature" is relativized and contested arguing that the ethnographic evidence of Esquipulas shows not only different, but also opposite conceptions. Then, the study presents a spectrum of miracle ideas drawing from the Maya as well as European - the case of Lourdes is exemplary here - traditions in terms of the degree of their uncommonness. It is concluded that anthropology has to comprehend miracles as marvels in its cultural context; nevertheless, there is a widespread idea among many cultures that miracle is something wonderful, related to the awareness of non-obviousness of certain things and phenomena. Miracles find its content and meaning within particular cosmology, but, anchored in the psychological characteristics of the astonishment and the difference between usual and unusual or ordinary and extraordinary, they refer to features of human mind in a more general way.

Obsah -- Úvod -- Náboženské motivy českém jazyce (Tereza Klabíková Rábová) -- Křesťanské svědectví v mediální společnosti: Teorie a praxe (Jiří Zajíc) -- Komunikace, instituce a důvěra - tři teze k tématu církev a média (Aleš Pištora) -- Majetkové vyrovnání, nebo vyrovnávání vztahu? (Václav Pláteník) -- Ryba smrdí od hlav, aneb proč komunikace české katolické církve kulhá na obě nohy a nikdo jí nepomůže… (Štěpán Kotrba) -- Využívanie sociálnych sietí v cirkevnom prostredí (Imrich Gazda) -- Komunikace papeže Františka (Anna Vošalíková) -- Vliv náboženství na daňovou morálku v České republice (Wadim Strielkowski, Inna Čábelková, Laurent Weill) -- Televize NOE: televize dobrých zpráv (Leoš Ryška) -- Vysílání veřejné služby nejen pro věřící (Irena Ryšánková) -- Jak nahlížím na současnou církevní komunikaci? (Tomáš Holub) -- Shrnutí -- Resume -- Seznam autorů -- Seznam literatury

This article examines the issue of the genderedness of the philosophical canon. In the theoretical part of the article the author gives evidence of the constructed nature of the philosophical canon, which in the Euro-American space is clearly androcentric. She summarises criticism to date of the philosophical canon by feminist historians of philosophy and describes the results of their research, which is directed at several areas: uncovering forgotten women philosophers of the past; analysing philosophers' views on gender; identifying the genderedness of basic philosophical categories; criticising the dualism that characterises modern philosophical discourse; and finally, making various reinterpretations of the concepts of past philosophers. Each of these approaches has particular potential and limitations, which the author seeks to identify. In the second part of the article the author presents the results of her analysis of philosophy textbooks and books on the history of philosophy published in the Czech Republic after 1990. She conducted her analysis by comparing information on women philosophers contained in the texts of the selected books with the information available in other literature (mainly English). She also employed the typological method, and she identified five 'strategies' of marginalisation of women philosophers, whereby textbooks used at Czech universities contribute to maintaining the existing philosophical canon.