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Regardless of the role religion plays in the world today, ie despite the significant deprivatization of faith in the sociocultural space & in politics, contemporary Czech sociology of religion is in rather poor shape. The author presents a number of factors to explain this, including the legacy of the communist regime, & low levels of church attendance in the Czech Republic, the latter having been erroneously interpreted as non-religiosity. But the author focuses mainly one other reason: the discordant legacy of Czech pre-communist sociology of religion & the neighboring field of social studies. Two different traditions of the subject are identified - the 'profane' sociology of religion, founded by T. G. Masaryk, & Catholic religious sociology. Although the former legacy declared itself non-religious & even anti-clerical, in the case of many of its followers this claim was only partially true. In the 1930s & 1940s, when they (especially Prague's sociological school, which formed a certain opposition to Masaryk) turned more toward Durkheimian attitudes, they emphasized, for example, their own religious experience as a necessary tool for understanding piety. On the other hand, Catholic religious sociology was closely related to church activism, policy, & contemporary social work, ie, strictly conservative & anti-modern. Its way of understanding modern society was discounted by the former group of scholars, though to at least some degree, the two legacies shared similar methodological approaches. Both certainly seem outdated today, but their theoretical & methodological discussions & their findings remain of importance. Consequently, a re-thinking of these legacies & their theoretical backgrounds is still significant for the sociology of religion today.

"This article/research that I translated from Hasan Hanefi examines, in terms of Spanish philosopher Miguel de Unamuno, the ancient Christianity throughout the history. While Hasan Hanefi, here, researched Christianity beliefs in the presence of Ancient Christians, on the one hand, he criticizes of it, on the other hand, from own viewpoint, aims for explanation of it. Hasan Hanefi, also here, compares the Christianity beliefs established by the institution of papacy with philosophies of his age in which includes schools like communism, socialism and existentialism. According to what Hasan Hanef said, Unamuno follow such a conclusion: the contemporary Christianity has lost that noble ore and effect arising from jesus son of mary, who is prominent with/stamped with the life, the dynamism and regeneration and the spritual ressurrection; whether individually or socially, it has become such a thing that loses it's effect and power on spirits. We also may said: Our author Hasan Hanefi, in terms of essence and nature of Christianity, make comparisons between the philosophies and trends of his age and philosophies that will come later and have an impact on humanity, especially on Europeans… After all this, definitely, he concludes such a result: Some philosophies is closer to, in it's essence and nature, the Christianity religion and the message of jesus, than the Christianity religion institutionalized throughout the history! and he maintains his explanations: that Christianity religion has lost, especially throughout scholastic ages, it's nature and divine character and, no matter where and when one lives, except a blind devotion, has become a mechanic belief ineffective on human sprit!."

Bu çalışmada, "DP'nin Yükselme Devri" olarak adlandırılan 1950-54 dönemi din siyaseti incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın DP'nin tüm iktidar dönemini değil de, anılan dönemi ele alması, çalışmayı sınırlandırma kaygısından kaynaklanmaktadır. Böylece dar bir dönem ele alınarak, daha derinlemesine inceleme yapılması amaçlanmaktadır. İnceleme konusu olarak anılan dönemin seçilmesinin nedeni, çok partili siyasal yaşamla birlikte Türkiye'de din siyasetinde meydana gelen değişikliği anlama çabasıdır. Bu amaçla önce kısaca çok partili siyasal yaşama geçilmesiyle birlikte CHP'nin din siyasetinde meydana gelen değişikliklere değinilmekte; daha sonra DP'nin din siyaseti ele alınmaktadır. İnceleme yapılırken DP'nin anılan dönemde uygulamaya koyduğu düzenlemeler ayrıntılı bir biçimde irdelenmektedir. Bu özelliğinden dolayı çalışmanın bir vaka incelemesi (case study) olduğu söylenebilir. Sonuç olarak, tek parti dönemi din siyasetinin (militan laiklik), çok partili yaşama geçişle birlikte CHP ile değişmeye başladığı; DP'nin ise söz konusu din siyasetini daha ödüncü bir biçimde sürdürdüğü; ancak özünde CHP'nin din siyasetine bağlı kaldığı söylenebilir. ; This study exarnines the policies towards religion in the first four years of the Demoeratic Party's role between 1950 and 1954. This period will be considered both because of methodological reasons to do a detailed studyand because of the importance of the time period as the first years of the multiparty politics inTurkey. The paper attemts to analyze the changes in the parties' policies toward religion after the transition to multiparty politics. First, the policy of the Republican Peeple' s Party towards religion is analyzed in short and then the Demoeratic Party's policyand practices towards religion are studied in detai!. The Democratic Party' s practices in the issue area of religion are taken into account when evaiuating its policy towards religion. The study aims to be a case study. The changes in the one party regime's attitude towards religion had first been initiated by the ...