Suchergebnisse

Purpose: to search the peculiarities of forming of attitude about tolerant
behavior in society.
Methodology: system method, method of the comparative analysis, method of
the etymological analysis, general scientific methods (the analysis and synthesis, an
induction and deduction).
Results: The article is devoted to the phenomenon "tolerance" in the modern
changing society. The urgency of the theme of research is proved, тhe semantic field
problem of the "tolerance" notion is considered, structure of tolerance is investigated,
conditions of forming of tolerant consciousness and behavior in society are
formulated.
Practical implications: The results of investigation can be used in making
studying programs of new generation in intercultural communication for schools,
colleges and universities and are included in course of social philosophy, psychology,
ethics, sociology, intercultural communication, politology.

The article analyzes theoretical statements concerning interaction of state and civil society, which were formed in the European philosophy of the XVII-XIX centuries (D. Locke, G. Hegel, K. Marx). On the basis of the comparative analysis the generalized concept of civil society is formulated. The specific interaction mechanisms of institutions of the modern Russian state and their impact on the formation and development of civil society are discussed. ; Анализируются теоретические положения о взаимодействии государства и гражданского общества, которые сформировались в европейской философии XVII-XIX вв. (Д. Локк, Г. Гегель, К. Маркс). На основе сравнительного анализа формулируется обобщенный концепт гражданского общества. Рассматривается специфика конкретных механизмов взаимодействия институтов современного российского государства и их влияния на становление и формирование гражданского общества.

The article provides a critical analysis of imagology, revealing the link between imagological approach to the Other, on the one hand, and the traditions of the analytic philosophy, post-structuralist doctrines and the method of discourse analysis, on the other. We also consider the problem of imagology's correlation with historical poetics and investigate the role of imagology in solving some crucial political challenges for contemporary Europe, discovering the latent ideological nature of imagology. We also call for the introduction of a new notion, "imagopoetics".The foundational difference between imagology which studies the image of the other and comparative studies or historical poetics lies both in the aspect of image studies and its methodology. Imagology primarily concentrates on the social and ideological function of the image of the Other, its role in creating stereotypes and sociocultural and national particularity, while historical politics is interested in the structure and aesthetic operation of the image. Imagology's method is the post-structuralist discourse analysis, while historical poetics utilizes the comparative historical method. Analytical philosophy with its characteristic linguocentrism acts as a forerunner and philosophical background for discourse analysis.Imagology and historical poetics have different visions of literature. For imagology, literature is nothing more than a source and repository of the stereotypes of the Other. Literature here is devoid of mimetic and cognitive finctions, unlike the view of historical poetics, which is focused on the "spirit of the nation".By studying mechanisms and types of constructing sociocultural and ethnic identities, as well as the chances of recoding it by creating and spreading stereotypes, imagology has a very important poetical and cultural function for contemporary Europe – shaping the common European identity. ; В статье дан критический анализ имагологии, описана специфика ее методологии, показана связь имагологического подхода к изучению образа Другого с традициями аналитической философии, постструктуралистскими доктринами и методом дискурс-анализа.Рассмотрен вопрос о соотношении имагологии и исторической поэтики. Констатируется роль имагологии в решении некоторых важных политических задач современной Европы, раскрыта латентная идеологичность имагологии. Обосновывается целесообразность введения в научный обиход понятия «имагопоэтика».Принципиальное отличие имагологии, изучающей образ Другого, от исторической поэтики и компаративистики состоит как в избранном ей аспекте изучения образа, так и в методологии. Имагология изучает прежде всего социально>идеологическую функцию образа Другого, его роль в создании стереотипов и конструировании социокультурной и национальной идентичности, в то время как историческую поэтику интересует структура и художественно-эстетическое функционирование образа. Методом имагологии является постструктуралистский дискурс-анализ. Историческая поэтика использует сравнительно-исторический метод. Философской основой и предпосылкой дискурс-анализа стала аналитическая философия с характерным для нее лингвоцентризмом.Имагология и историческая поэтика исповедуют разные концепции литературы: для имагологии литература — лишь источник и резервуар стереотипов о Другом, не претендующий на миметическую и познавательную функцию, для исторической поэтики — выражение «духа нации».Изучая механизмы и способы конструирования социокультурной и национальной идентичности, возможности ее перекодировки посредством создания и распространения стереотипов, имагология выполняет важную для современной Европы политико-культурную задачу — формирование общеевропейской идентичности.

The article explores the phenomena of power transparency and sacrality. On the basis of the comparative historical analysis the author concludes about the negative effects of the cultivation of the transparency of power concerning Russian statehood. It is shown that the idea of "transparency" in Russia is most of ten seen and used as a means of discrediting state institutions. The author sees the solution of the dilemma "transparency or sacrality" in the traditional Russian understanding of power as historical responsibility and civil service – as service to the Fatherland

The following essay analyzes the context in which Vl. Solovyov wrote his philosophical treatise "Justification of the Moral Good". Such an analysis is a necessary condition for a conscientious reconstruction of the treatise's creative history and thus for a proper analysis of the concepts and ideas expressed therein. The aim of this study is a detailed restoration of the intellectual atmosphere in which Solovyov's work was created. Such a project requires a turn to the philosophical activities of less eminent contemporaries of Solovyov, including N.I. Kareev, whose work Solovyov closely followed, responding to him not just critically, but also with a certain amount of sympathy. We also take up here a well-known discussion between the two concerning the philosophy of history and the theory of the historical process. Solovyov's position in this discussion is shown as containing the kernel of a plan embodied in the parts of the "Justification" dealing with social philosophy and philosophy of history. In addition, a textual, conceptual, and comparative analysis of Solovyov's treatise shows that Kareev's scholarly activity was an important factor in the intellectual context in which the plan of the treatise arose, was realized, and corrected. The essay also examines the notes in the text of the Justification that are complementary to N. Kareev (and to N. Mikhailovsky) and that were deleted by the author in preparing the 1899 edition. As we know, this later edition became the basis of all subsequent editions and reprintings. We see that Solovyov was sympathetic and to a certain degree close not only to Kareev's attempts to create an integral philosophical and historical standpoint, but also to his ideas about the high historical vocation of the individual. However, he was also sympathetic to the general pathos of Kareev's theory, which consists in understanding moral activity as a key factor in historical change, taking the historical process as a sphere of the objectification of moral ideals.

The relevance of this article is due to the need for research on the significance of philosophical ideas in public life. The purpose of the article is to analyze the social and philosophical ideas of modern thinkers and to reveal their influence on the formation of political and legal institutions. The work presents general philosophical, comparative and pragmatic methods. The author focuses on such institutions as human rights, separation of powers, federalism. An appeal is made to prominent representatives of modern philosophy – J. Locke, S.L. Montesquieu, J-J. Rousseau etc. It is noted how the ideas of philosophers of this time are reflected in the formation of political and legal institutions of an industrial society and are fixed in normative legal acts. The study represents a contribution to modern social and philosophical thought and sets a panorama for future studies (including comparative studies) on intellectual dynamics. ; Актуальность настоящей статьи обусловлена необходимостью проведения исследования о значении философских идей в общественной жизни. Целью статьи является анализ социально-философских идей мыслителей Нового времени и выявление их влияния на становление политических и правовых институтов. В работе представлены общефилософские, компаративистский и прагматический методы. Автор сосредотачивается на таких институтах как права человека, разделение властей, федерализм. Производится обращение к видным представителям философии Нового времени – Дж. Локк, Ш.Л. Монтескье, Ж-Ж. Руссо и др. Отмечается, как идеи философов этого времени отражаются в становлении политико-правовых институтов индустриального общества и закрепляются в нормативных правовых актах. Исследование представляет собой вклад в современную социально-философскую мысль и задает панораму для будущих исследований (в т.ч. компаративистских) по интеллектуальной динамике.

The article is devoted to actual problems of the theoretical analysis of the revolutionary terrorism of the modern era. The paper considers the specific features of revolutionary terrorism in frames of a comparison of the historical experience of the French and Russian October Revolutions. In the course of a comparative analysis the authors assess critically the results of the interpretation of this experience in the general sociological theories of Michael Mann, Barrington Moore and Immanuel Wallerstein and political philosophy of Neo-Marxism (Michael Hardt, Antonio Negri, Roberto Mangabeira Unger, Terry Eagleton, Fredric Jameson). The article notes that the majority of explanatory macro-sociological models are limited to the «summing up» of the terrorist policy of the parties and States in the XVIII–XX centuries. The various aspects of the discussion around the very phenomenon of terrorism and the role of the state in its containment or, on the contrary, distribution are affected only indirectly, as the terror itself is reduced to the segment level of macro-processes and structures (more or less significant) that determine the evolution to an industrial and post-industrial type of society. The historical line of continuity between the different stages of the evolution of the political tradition of terror is treated in the macro-models very abstractly and often becomes barely visible. Analytical ideas of the philosophy of modern left-wing radicalism also suggest that the neo-Marxist ideologues in their analysis of modern terrorism are equally committed, in a certain respect, to the abstract philosophical constructs, as well as the scientists oriented to macro-theoretical paradigms of modern sociology and academic Marxism with all their characteristic undoubted advantages and unavoidable aberrations.

In modern political and theoretical discourse, the concept of a ' just society' is usually perceived as a normative idea that expresses the notion of what society "should be". Nowadays, social justice as a political slogan is becoming an increasingly universal requirement made by social movements, political parties and groups regarding the ways of social organization and its functions. Regardless of the different interpretations, it is inseparable from other related concepts, such as 'equality', ' freedom' and many others. It also represents the projection of various concepts of justice on social relations in individual countries, regions, and, finally, throughout the world ('global justice' on the scale of all mankind). Comparative analysis of the A.M. Kovalev's concept of a just society and the main trends in the interpretation of this idea in modern Western socio-political theory indicate that the methodology developed by an outstanding Russian scientist can rightfully be considered one of the most promising. Its distinguishing feature is the creative interpretation of a set of ideas about a just society, dating back to the early works of Marx. It is combined with the analysis of the ideas of the Western European Enlightenment, the philosophy of Kant, Hegel and Fichte, the evolution of the social philosophy of the Frankfurt School and other equally influential areas of modern political theory (R. Aron and others). An analysis of modern political theories shows that the dyad " justice / state" constitutes the ontological core of the political and philosophical discourse, in the structure of which the ideas of Marxism play an important role. In the A.M. Kovalev's theory of a just society, the various assessments of the heuristic potential of Marxism acquire additional incentives, opening the way to new creative discussions. The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of A.M. Kovalev.

Contemporary investigations that are closely connected to the sphere of human rights have expanded the boundaries of law theory and stated its close connection to the moral sphere. The examples of such investigations are represented in the introduction. Starting from the second part of the XXth century, they were becoming more and more popular all over the world. This progress has shown many terminological issues related to the moral notions that should be solved as soon as possible with the help of cross-disciplinary studies. Hence the main aim and task of the article are to demonstrate the way to identify and solve such issues with the help of philosophical methodology on the example of the General Data Protection Regulation. For this purpose, Baconian and Cartesian research methods are used in conjunction with R. Dworkin terminological approach with the help of conceptual-categorical analysis, comparative analysis, and hermeneutic method. On the basis of the study and analysis of the Baconian and Cartesian methodologies and with help of R. Dworkin economic terminological approach, the author of the article within research results demonstrates the process of identifying of problematic notions in a legal text, its analysis in the context of the legal area, and, as a result, the formulation of contextual (situational) interpretation of concepts of this kind. The discussion reviews the state of affairs within contemporary social studies on respect from the points of view of the history of philosophy, political theory and philosophy of law. The emphasis is made on contemporary European and American studies, such as conference and essays provided by different scholars, Ph.D. students, and postgraduate students. The conclusions prove that we can and should measure moral notions in law sphere because of their important role in the lawmaking process. The author emphasizes that we can create an adequate contextual (situational) interpretation of vague notions, especially moral notions with the help of philosophical ...

Introduction. An essential feature of the world community modern development is the exacerbation of the global problems of the mankind and increased concern for global security. The development of a new global ethic of political and economic relations is becoming a common goal. The aim and tasks. The article reveals the cultural, socio-philosophical, ethical roots of the pathology of the modern world order. The tasks are: to analyze the idea of the «New Enlightenment» as an alternative socio-philosophical model. The «New Enlightenment» concept was presented by the Co-Presidents of the Club of Rome Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker (Germany) and Anders Wijkman (Sweden) in a report «Come on! Capitalism, Short-termism, Population and Destruction of the Planet» (2017). Research methods. The theory and method of discourse analysis, the method of comparative analysis, as well as system-logical, dialectic, analytical, synthetic and structural research methods are applied. Research results. Modern political, economic, social, technological and environmental crises testify the catastrophic prospects of the global capitalist system and reveal the shortcomings of the neoliberal value system. Neoliberal attitudes of greed, impatience and short-term - are recognized as responsible for the pernicious losses in nature and society. Discussion. The authors of the report present the concept of «New Enlightenment» as a new alternative worldview. They believe this knowledge will help to overcome reductionist philosophy and pure scientific analytism. This worldview will become a comprehensive knowledge of the world, which can develop scenarios for a more balanced, so-called «sustainable development». In the domestic philosophical and cultural tradition, the integral ideas of the «New Enlightenment» are consonant with the concepts of universal evolutionism, the «philosophy of cosmism», and the concept of «noosphere». Conclusion. The authors of the report «Come on.» do not give specific answer to the question about the mechanism for ...

The question of the meaning of the concept of «will,» to which A. Block actively addresses in the pre-revolutionary and revolutionary years, is under consideration. The material for the study was Notebooks and diary records of the Block, mainly related to 1917. Particular attention is paid to the task of clarifying the range of meanings, the concept of «will» within the framework of the philosophical ideas of the Block. The development and transformation of the Block idea of will, which took place at different periods under various philosophical influence, is being investigated. It is shown that in the period under review the formation of the Block worldview was greatly influenced by the philosophy of A. Schopenhauer. Significant changes are revealed in the metaphysical views of the Block of the revolutionary era compared to its early creative period. As part of the comparative approach, a comparison was made between the concepts of «World Will,» Music «and» Elements «in Block, Schopenhauer, Nietzsch and Wagner. It has been concluded that the Block in 1917 - 1918 agrees with Schopenhauer 's definition of the ambivalence of the World Will, which includes both a destructive and creative beginning, but at the same time in describing and characterizing the revolution he wants to overcome Schopenhauer 's pessimism by adjusting it with Wagner 's representation of the spirit of music as a manifestation of the World Will as a force organizing a new order of life.

The article is devoted to the methodological aspect of the philosophy of the «Common cause» of the founder of Russian cosmism. First of all, the author reveals the historical prerequisites for the reflexivity of the projective nature of human activity, achieved through the synergy of the philosophical and scientific worldview, which is expressed in the paradigmatic functioning of culture. It is shown that as social practice became more complex, there was a deepening of awareness of human nature and its activities in the context of philosophical anthropology. The key moments in the development of human thought in the indicated direction are analyzed: Socratic and Kantian revolutions in culture. It is proved that N. F. Fedorov makes another revolution, removing the Kantian dualism of the subjective and objective and thus satisfying the urgent need to realize the attribution of the projective nature of human activity, which organically combines the theoretical and practical sides of social development. It is proved that at the same time Fedorov reproduces the Socratic revolution on a qualitatively new level, rooting after Socrates the moral regulation of «the sons of men « in the Foundation of being. The influence of Russian thought on the birth of the philosophy of «Common cause» is noted. The content of the Fedorov project is investigated: its subject and object, its goal in itself and the conditions for implementation. At the same time, the core of the theoretical justification of the project is revealed. It consists in the recognition of the transformation of the contemplative type of worldview into an active one, which leads to the formulation of the problem of freedom in the context of the relationship between subjective and objective factors in order to understand what depends and what does not depend on the subject of the project in realizing the goal. It is concluded that the theoretical depth and methodological validity of the Fedorov project consists in revealing the dialectics of the essence and phenomenon, i.e. in justifying the need to replace «the question of universal enrichment with the question of universal return of life». The goal of the comparative analysis of global projects is to reflexive the criterion of a truly philosophical project, which consists in the synergy of methodological optimality and worldview sense.

The paper focuses on yet unexplored problem in modern conflictology – the conflicts of visuality, which result in what some scholars call the uneven distribution of the "right to visuality." Having drawn on a comparative analysis of two scholarly traditions, i.e. of Visual studies and of Political philosophy and particularly the Theory of recognition, the authors claim that visuality constitutes not just a form of representation, but an essential part of any social conflict. As social regimes based on inequality produce an uneven access to public visuality, the fundamental right of everyone to look and to be seen enters into a conflict with the existing regimes of visual production, or what Nicholas Mirzoeff calls the "complexes of visuality."Key words: Visual Studies, paradigm of recognition, Nicholas Mirzoeff, Axel Honneth, "right to visuality," gaze, visibility. ; Статья посвящена относительно малоизученной в современной конфликтологии теме – природе конфликтов в сфере визуального, приводящих к неравномерному распределению того, что ряд исследователей называет «правом на визуальное». Основываясь на сравнительном анализе двух подходов к проблеме, с позиции междисциплинарного поля визуальных исследований и с позиции политической философии и теории признания, авторы приходят к выводу, что визуальное является не только способом репрезентации социальных конфликтов, но и их субстанциальной чертой, так как социальное неравенство практически всегда реализуется в неравном доступе к сфере публичной видимости. Как следствие, фундаментальное право субъекта смотреть и быть видимым вступает в конфликт с властными порядками визуального.Ключевые слова: визуальные исследования, парадигма признания, Николас Мирзоев, Аксель Хоннет, «право на визуальное», взгляд, право быть видимым.

The article examines the influence of V.S. Solovyov on the writers and poets of the Silver age. On the material of the works of Solovyov, related to the «сhinese theme»: the articles «Russia and Europe», «China and Europe», «Japan», «The enemy from the East»; the review of the first volume of works by E.E. Ukhtomsky; the poems «Panmongolizm» and «Dragon»;the tractate «The three conversations about war, progress and the end of world history»; the letter «About the recent events», – is evaluated his influence on D.S. Merezhkovsky's articles: «Yellow-faced positivists», «The coming ham», V.I. Ivanov's articles «Russia, England and Asia», «Inspiration of horror», V.M. Doroshevich's story «Goddess», V.V. Veresaev's story «Under the cedars»; «Chinese poems» and the articles of V.J. Bryusov. The political context of the works, the tradition of depicting China in Russian literature, literary and sinological works on this topic are taken into account. The comparative analysis of texts, the coincidence of a number of theoretical positions, and separate definitions and epithets are revealed. The numbers of Solovyov's positions are revealed, which are reflected in the works of Merezhkovsky and Ivanov: materialism and positivism of the Chinese, the «emptiness» of their philosophy, the denial of life and progress, the «yellow danger», the need for the Christianization of China (the last position in Merezhkovsky is not). Doroshevich's story, written at the height of the ikhetuan rebellion («boxer rebellion»), was influenced by the philosopher's eschatological prophecies. The negative image of China in the poetry of V.J. Bryusov is the textual confirmation of the influence of Solovyov, noted by modern literary criticism.

Purpose. The article is devoted to the topical in modern political-economic reality theme of architectonics of the state. The subject of analysis is the physical-ontological and social-political doctrines T. Hobbes. The author aims to reveal the category of the body as the primordial concept of Hobbes' metaphysics.Methodology. The basis of the research is the hermeneutic, phenomenological and comparative methods and the principle of the historical-philosophical reconstruction.Results. The results of the study are that the author explicates the essence of Hobbes' maxim that man can fully know only what he himself can do. As such an artifact in the philosophy of T. Hobbes is the body, and the social-political body, established by the man himself. The author supposes that the modern European project "social physics" can be considered a prototype of active theoretical-epistemic model describing social reality.Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the sphere of socio-political planning and forecasting. ; Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной в условиях современной политико-экономической реальности теме архитектоники государства. Предметом анализа выступают физико-онтологическая и социально-политическая доктрины Т. Гоббса. Автор ставит целью раскрыть категорию тела в качестве исконного понятия гоббсовой метафизики.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют герменевтический, феноменологический и компаративистский методы, а также принцип историко-философской реконструкции.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что автор эксплицирует сущность гоббсовой максимы о том, что человек в полной мере может познать лишь то, что он сам способен сделать. В качестве такого артефакта в философии Т. Гоббса выступает тело, причём не природно-физическое, а социально-политическое, учреждаемое самим человеком. Автор делает предположение, что новоевропейский проект «социальной физики» можно считать прообразом деятельностной теоретико-эпистемической модели описания социальной реальности.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере социально-политического проектирования и прогнозирования.