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This is a critical introduction to modern French philosophy, commissioned from one of the liveliest contemporary practitioners and intended for an English-speaking readership. The dominant 'Anglo-Saxon' reaction to philosophical development in France has for some decades been one of suspicion, occasionally tempered by curiosity but more often hardening into dismissive rejection. But there are signs now of a more sympathetic interest and an increasing readiness to admit and explore shared concerns, even if these are still expressed in a very different idiom and intellectual context. Vincent Descombes offers here a personal guide to the main movements and figures of the last forty-five years. He traces over this period the evolution of thought from a generation preoccupied with the 'three H's' - Hegel, Husserl and Heidegger, to a generation influenced since about 1960 by the 'three masters of suspicion' - Marx, Nietzsche and Freud. In this framework he deals in turn with the thought of Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, the early structuralists, Foucault, Althusser, Serres, Derrida, and finally Deleuze and Lyotard. The 'internal' intellectual history of the period is related to its institutional setting and the wider cultural and political context which has given French philosophy so much of its distinctive character

This volume offers a lively and accessible guide to some of the major issues current in French philosophy today and to some of the figures who are or have been influential in shaping its development. The collection is unusual and interesting in bringing together a range of contributors from both Britain and France, and is intended not only for professional philosophers but also for those with a more general interest in the French intellectual scene

Preliminary Material -- The New Metaphysics of Immanence -- Bergson's Matter-Image: The Degradation of the Impersonal -- Sartre's Image-Consciousness: The Allergic Reaction to Matter -- Lyotard's Sublime: The Ontologization of the Image -- Baudrillard's Simulacrum: The End of Visibility -- Deleuze's Time-Image: Getting Rid of Ourselves -- Imaginary Time -- Bibliography -- Index.

Philosophy plays an integral role in French society, affecting its art, drama, politics, and culture. In this chronological survey, Eric Matthews traces the development French philosophy has taken in the twentieth century, from it roots in the thoughts of Descartes to key figures such as Bergson, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, Foucault, Derrida, and the recent French Feminists.

"This collection renews contemporary debates in phenomenology, ethics, social ontology, aesthetics, and metaphysics and broadens the scope of twentieth-century French philosophy by analyzing the works and key concepts of authors who left their marks on its genesis"--

part Part one: The search for significance -- chapter 1 Absurdity. The gulf between man and his world. Camus -- chapter 2 Transcendence. The pursuit of meaning as a necessary but 'useless passion'. Sartre -- chapter 3 Participation. A vindication of being-in-itself as meaningful. Louis Lavelle -- part Part two: The role of reason and the concept -- chapter 4 As mediation between subject and object. Alquié -- chapter 5 As an assimilating force within the world. André Lalande -- chapter 6 As a dissimilating force. Gaston Bachelard and E.Morot-Sir -- chapter 7 The concept as expression. The extraction of provisional meanings from the permanently indeterminate. Merleau-Ponty -- chapter 8 The rejection of 'expressionism'. The 'logos' as the 'rule' of thought. Brice Parain -- part Part three: Norms and values -- chapter 9 Closed and open evolutionary morality. Bergson's The Two Sources -- chapter 10 Involutionary morality. André Lalande -- chapter 11 The creation of values. Raymond Polin -- chapter 12 The contingency of value. Vladimir Jankélévitch -- chapter 13 Detail and atmosphere. René Le Senne -- part Part four: Towards a definition of authenticity -- chapter 14 The instant -- chapter 15 Choice -- chapter 16 The authentic and the everyday. Camus -- chapter 17 Universality and particularity -- chapter 18 Saint-Exupéry.

This work investigates the early encounters of French philosophers and religious thinkers with the phenomenological philosophy of Edmund Husserl. Following an introductory chapter addressing context and methodology, Chapter 2 argues that Henri Bergson's insights into lived duration and intuition and Maurice Blondel?s genetic description of action functioned as essential precursors to the French reception of phenomenology. Chapter 3 details the presentations of Husserl and his followers by three successive pairs of French academic philosophers: Leon Noel and Victor Delbos, Lev Shestov and Jean Hering, and Bernard Groethuysen and Georges Gurvitch. Chapter 4 then explores the appropriation of Bergsonian and Blondelian phenomenological insights by Catholic theologians Edouard Le Roy and Pierre Rousselot. Chapter 5 examines applications and critiques of phenomenology by French religious philosophers, including Jean Hering, Joseph Marchal, and neo-Thomists like Jacques Maritain. A concluding chapter expounds the principal finding that philosophical and theological receptions of phenomenology in France prior to 1939 proceeded independently due to differences in how Bergson and Blondel were perceived by French philosophers and religious thinkers and their respective orientations to the Cartesian and Aristotelian/Thomist intellectual traditions.

Philosophy and history (with Jean Hyppolite) -- Philosophy and science (with Georges Canguilhem) -- Philosophy and sociology (with Raymond Aron) -- Philosophy and psychology (with Michel Foucault) -- Philosophy and language (with Paul Ricœur) -- Philosophy and truth (with Jean Hyppolite, Georges Canguilhem, Raymond Aron, Michel Foucault, Paul Ricœur, Alain Badiou and Dina Dreyfus) -- Philosophy and ethics (with Michel Henry) -- Model and structure (with Michel Serres) -- Teaching philosophy through television (with excerpts from Jean Hyppolite, Georges Canguilhem, Raymond Aron, Michel Foucault and Paul Ricœur. Alain Badiou by telephone and Dina Dreyfus in the studio).