Suchergebnisse

Anders als im Imperium Romanum, das schon früh eine in sich geschlossene Rechtsordnung hervorbrachte, konnte sich der juristische Überbau im Reich der Mitte nach der Meinung des Autors nie aus dem Spannungsfeld zwischen Sittlichkeit und Rechtlichkeit herauslösen, sondern wurde von der Moral immer wieder eingeholt und überlagert. Der Autor skizziert und analysiert Recht und Moral im alten China ("Regieren durch Sittenordnung", Li - Ritualisierung - als Liebe zur Moral und Berührungsscheu gegenüber dem Recht, Wesen des traditionellen Rechts u.a.) und in der VR China (Rezeption westlichen Rechts im 20. Jh., Li im Gewande der Revolutionsrhetorik, Tendenz zu außerjuristischen Lösungen bei der Umsetzung von Rechtsnormen u.a.). (DÜI-Sen)

"Kulturfieber", die breite Auseinandersetzung über die chinesische Kultur in Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft mit dem Zweck, Weg und Ziel der modernen Kultur Chinas zu bestimmen, als wesentlichstes Merkmal des geistigen Lebens der VRC in den 80er Jahren. Ursachen und Auslöser der Diskussion. Kern der Debatte ist das Verhältnis der traditionellen Kultur zur Modernisierung; Antworten der orthodoxen Marxisten und der Liberalen. In der Kulturszene wird festgestellt, daß das kulturelle Bewußtsein nicht Schritt hält mit der Modernisierungs- und Reformpolitik. Die Forderung nach einem umfassenden Bewußtseinswandel wird laut. Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Konservativen, die ausländische Kultureinflüsse strikt ablehnen und Liberalen, die diese Einflüsse aufnehmen wollen. (DÜI-Ptk, DÜI-Rmb)

The United Nations peacekeeping operations in the context of reviewing the UN's peacebuilding architecture (Carmen Parra, PhD, lecturer in international law, Universidad Abat Oliba CEU, Barcelona, Spain) -- Peacekeeping and conflict prevention : an old principle and a new responsibility (M. Esther Slamanca, MD, associate professor of public international law, Department of Public Law, University of Valladolid, Spain) -- Preventive deployment and early warning in the UN's agenda : the West African region as a scenario for international security ( (Jara Cuadrado, PhD candidate in international security, Instituto Universitario General Gutiérrez Mellado, National University of Distance Learning, Madrid, Spain) -- The future support of the armed forces in peacekeeping operations (Roberto Pereyra-Bordón, PhD, senior professor and faculty coordinator, Inter-American Defense College, Washington, DC, US) -- The attribution of wrongful acts to member states and/or international organizations in peacekeeping operations (Teresa Russo, PhD, aggregate professor of international organization, Department of Legal Science (School of Law), University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy) -- Is robust peacekeeping an answer to the spoiler problem? the case of the expanded UNIFIL (Javier Lion-Bustillo, PhD, part-time lecturer, Department of History of Thought and Political Movements, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain) -- The age of outsourcing : UN peacekeeping operations (Diego Badell-Sánchez, researcher at Esade Center for Public Governance, Esade Business and Law School, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain) -- The new legal challenges facing peacekeeping operations : the role of the ICC (Anna Oriolo, PhD, associate professor of international law, aggregate professor of international criminal law, Department of Legal Sciences, School of Law, University of Salerno, Salerno Italy) -- Cordons sanitaires as instruments for peacekeeping operations (Ana Cristina Gallego-Hernández, PhD, associate professor of public international law, University Centre San Isidoro, Attached University of Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain, and others) -- Peacekeeping and food security : agreements, clashes and challenges (Adriana Fillol, MD, and Gustavo González Geraldino, MD, researcher and assistant professor of public international law and international relations, Public International Law and International Relations Department, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain) -- The EU comprehensive approach to crisis management missions and operations (Carmen Márquez Carrasco, PhD, full tenured professor, Department of Public International Law and International Relations, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain) -- Multilevel operations in the management of asymmetric conflicts : from growing cooperation to a strategic partnership : reflections around the integrated stabilization operations in Mali and Central African Republic (Francisco Jiménez García, PhD, professor of public international law and international relations, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain) -- The role of regional organizations in peacekeeping : shared responsibilities, new roles, and old uncertainties (Lucas J. Ruiz-Díaz, PhD, Universidad de Granada, Grenada, Spain) -- NATO peace support operations : a brief institutional view (Andrés B. Muñoz-Mosquera and Nikoleta P. Chalanouli, legal advisor, director, of the Nato Supreme Headquarters Allied Power, Europe (SHAPE), and others) -- The protection and respect of the cultural heritage and diversity of host countries by United Nations peacekeeping operations : lessons learnt from Mali (Félix Vacas Fernández, associate professor of public international law and international relations, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain) -- World bank and post-conflict activities (Francesco Seatzu, JD, PhD, full tenured professor of international and European law, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy) -- Portugal and peacekeeping : a new foreign policy strategy? (Pedro Ponte E Sous, Department of Political Studies, New University of Lisbon, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities (FCSH-UNL), Lisbon, Portugal, and others) -- Peacekeeping and the global war on terrorism (Michel Liegeois, PhD and Murat Caliskan, MD, professor, Faculty of Economic, Social, and Political Sciences and Communication, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgic, Belgium, and others) -- Women in peacekeeping : challenges ahead and adopted measures (Alfonso J. Iglesias-Velasco, PhD, senior lecture of public international law, Department of Public Law and Legal Philosophy, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain) -- Gender mainstreaming in NATO peace support : impacts and challenges of gender in international peace and security policies (Iker Zirion-Landaluze, PhD, assistant professor of public international law and international relations, Department of Public International Law and International Relations, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Spain) -- Peacekeeping and sexual violence : a complex mandate of limited effectiveness(Isabel Lirola-Delgado, PhD, professor of public international law, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain) -- Should we share? the United Nations and troop-contributing states facing international responsibility for the sexual crimes committed by peacekeepers (Raquel Regueiro, PhD, Department of Public International Law and Private International Law, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain) -- EU international crisis management and human rights (Pablo Aantonio Fernández-Sánchez, PhD, full tenured professor of public international law and international relations, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain) -- Operation Sophia : a point of inflection in the migrant smuggling in the Mediterranean Sea (María Isabel Nieto-Fernández, PhD, UNISCI/adjunct professor in political science and international relations, Social Science Departament, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain) -- Child protection in peacekeeping operations (Rocío Alamillos Sánchez, MD, and Laura García Martín, MD, PhD candidate, International Public Law Department, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain, and others) -- Peacekeeping operations challenges and economic impacts : a Nigerian perspective (Sani Safiyanu, Roy Anthony Rogers, PhD and Muhammad Danial Azman, PhD, Department of International and Strategic Studies , University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

In pre-WW II industrial development in Palestine was retarded when compared to industrialized countries; but soc conditions were favorable toward such development when compared to many Oriental countries. Since the 1948 creation of the Israeli State, industrialization has proceeded rapidly because of the impetus of national policy & assistance from the US. During this period the accelerated immigration into the new State has radically changed the composition of the pop. There has been a huge increase in the % of new-comers to resident pop & the character of the immigration has shifted from a predominantly Western to an Oriental one. These changes have led to problems of econ & soc adjustment. In effect this has put two contrasting societies vis-a-vis each other: the Ur, industrialized society with its special traits of acquisitiveness & aggressive att's toward SE change facing the pre-industrial, agri'al society with its traditionalism & its high valuation of leisure. Contrary to expectations, no major breakdown in the process of absorption ensued. The adjustment of the newcomers to industrial employment became the subject of the UNESCO investigation here described. The most important inquiries undertaken were those which covered 11 modern industrial enterprises in the Haifa district. The results were verified by a survey taken in the Tel-Aviv district. Information on the vocational preferences of young workers was provided by a statist analysis carried out by the Vocational Guidance Dept of the Hadassah Educ'al Services in Jerusalem. The Haifa investigation covered 420 workers in 11 industrial enterprises organized largely on the assembly line system. The majority of these were employed at spinning, weaving, sewing, glass manufacture, & railway shops. Most of the workers were immigrants from Iraq, Morocco, Egypt, & other Oriental countries. The immigrants were less likely to be employed in the old-established factories not greatly expanded since 1948. That most workers interviewed were resigned to their status as workers is indicated by the fact that 332 of 420 did not contemplate leaving their present employment in the near future. Acceptance of present status was high among immigrants from Yemen, India, Turkey, & Bulgaria. Discontent was high among those from Egypt, Iraq, & Morocco, countries where a large part of the Jews belong to the Mc. Dissatisfaction was generally low among F's, perhaps because they regarded the arrangement as a temporary one. 25% of M's below 25 years in age were discontent & 11% of those above. Factory managers held their chief complaint against workers from Oriental countries to be their lack of punctuality & absenteeism. They agreed, however, that these immigrants can be easily influenced & in time become excellent workers. Because of this some managers preferred to employ Oriental over European immigrants. Management tried to treat all workers equally: only 37 of the 420 expressed dissatisfaction with the attitude of management. The managers interviewed indicated that workers were quite sensitive to any form of discrimination, real or imagined. Soc contacts with Oriental workers was limited. Trade union organization, unknown to Oriental Workers, was associated by them with the Israeli authorities who rule over them. There was no serious attempt to educate workers in respect to their union organization (Histadrut). There was a greater knowledge & appreciation of the operations & signif of trade unionism among workers in the smaller enterprises (up to 100 workers). There appeared to be no serious friction among workers themselves regardless of recentness of immigration or source. This is in accord with community philosophy which considers all soc discrimination as immoral. Most immigrants were convinced that they are discriminated against in situations which are not work-related, but few could name instances to prove it. Contrary to popular opinion, normal working relations were not observed to lead to closer personal contacts. Specific adjustment to factory work was easier among those who found the greatest number of common elements between their previous & their new job. The following conclusions are reported: (1) the general adjustment of the immigrants to the industrial way of life is satisfactory; (2) educ is important in-so-far as it facilitates training & work assignment; consequently, educ is more functional with some types of jobs than others; (3) desire for security of employment motivates the immigrant to strive for a skilled type of job; (4) F's adjust to industrial work more smoothly than M's; (5) the adjustment to specific job requirements is somewhat impeded by the relative unfamiliarity of the immigrant with machinery & its operation; (6) managers & forement disagree on the intelligence & perception of the new immigrants, but studies of Einstein suggest that certain initial differences in perception & abstract thinking exist between the various ethnic groups of the pop; (7) wages are not an incentive & positive factor in adjustment; (8) there is virtually no discrimination against newcomers on the part of management or veteran workers (except for some discrimination against Oriental workers), but there seems to be a spectacular indifference to & ignorance of the special problems of the newcomers on the part of the Histadrut (General Jewish Labor Federation). It can be concluded that the process of adjustment of new immigrants to the requirements of an industrial society has proceeded with remarkable promise. B. J. Keeley.