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Filosofia da diferença: apontamentos em torno da aprendizagem do pensamento em filosofia
In: ETD - Educação Temática Digital, Band 14, Heft 1, S. 179-198
Aventurar-se no pensamento em filosofia não depende, a princípio, do uso necessário dos arsenais da razão. Antes, seria necessário lançar-se em seus domínios e ficar à espreita dos seus acontecimentos. Somente quando esses ocorrerem teremos como distinguir os que coincidem enormemente com o que já fazemos e pensamos, e os que trazem o novo. Talvez aí, de fato, algum empenho tenha sentido. Assim, ao me deparar com os escritos da filosofia da diferença, de maneira especial com os de Deleuze, Guattari e Foucault, foi possível deslocar a minha prática docente em filosofia dos moldes da filosofia maior e vislumbrar a filosofia em sua menoridade. Aliás, pelo inusitado dos acontecimentos que atravessam nossas salas de aula, penso que seja possível sugerir aos alunos que inventem suas próprias regras de fazer filosofia, segundo uma nova maneira de confecção, um novo estilo que lhes seja próprio, ou seja, que tomem os autores da história do pensamento como matéria de entretimento, por meio de novas composições que não aquelas que os textos filosóficos já oferecem; que selecionem autores que endossam aquilo em que pensam, fazendo uso intensivo deles; que traiam os autores, respeitando-os o máximo, sem reproduzi-los.
Overarching Greek trends in European philosophy
In: IVITRA research in linguistics and literature volume 30
Filosofia e psicanálise: pontos de disjunção
In: ETD - Educação Temática Digital, Band 11, Heft esp, S. 17-48
Este artigo trata sobre as (im)possibilidades do diálogo entre a filosofia e a psicanálise, atentando para tanto em alguns pontos que separam esses dois campos. Em primeiro lugar, considera-se o que a filosofia recusou ao se constituir e se diferenciar de outros campos do discurso e do saber, nos seus primórdios, na Grécia Antiga. O que nessa discussão está em causa é a filosofia socrático-platônica e a sua diferença em face da perspectiva trágica, que é abordada no âmbito das crenças religiosas gregas e na obra dos poetas trágicos. No segundo item são recuperadas certas conceitualizações de Freud sobre o psiquismo, com o intuito de indicar a presença da perspectiva trágica em sua concepção de homem. Finaliza-se retomando algumas das razões que levaram Freud a criticar e se distanciar da filosofia, inclusive da vertente que acolhe a perspectiva trágica. As (im)possibilidades do diálogo entre a filosofia e a psicanálise são então apontadas, considerando-se sobretudo as relações que se estabelecem entre esses dois campos depois de Freud.
Ensino de filosofia, formação e interdisciplinaridade
In: Griot: Revista de Filosofia, Band 17, Heft 1, S. 193-203
The text presents and discusses the theme of interdisciplinarity with special focus on the human sciences from two articulated movements. (A) In the first part we are dedicated to the elaboration of the problem of cultural fragmentation (which brings us to the interdisciplinary challenge) by allusion to the "modern ambience" as a historically determined way of relating to culture and knowledge, for what Thomas Kuhn calls "normal science." (B) In the second part, and starting of such historical and epistemological considerations of modern subjectivation, it is important to point out the challenges involved in the design of an interdisciplinary formation and at the same time signaling to some strategy of facing the problem of "cultural fragmentation" - regarded as a deeply anchored historical phenomenon. The broad "cultural fragmentation" that multiple interdisciplinary strategies aim to combat in the school setting is especially experienced as a disciplinary compartmentalization of the curriculum in general and of the human sciences we are looking at here. In this context, we maintain that the curricular component of philosophy, but also the philosophical spirit pedagogically dilated, respectively, constitute a promising epistemological formation and strategy for confronting cultural fragmentation in the interdisciplinarity register.
A recepção de Kant na filosofia da física de Heisenberg
In: Griot: Revista de Filosofia, Band 19, Heft 3, S. 266-279
In the present article we analyze the understanding and the use of the Kantian philosophy by the German physicist Werner Heisenberg, Nobel Prize of Physics of 1932, formulator of the principle of uncertainty. Heisenberg seems to adopt a neo-Kantian understanding of the nature of science, according to which science would not deal with the real itself, but only with the way it appears, which inescapably depends on the interaction between the subject and the object of knowledge. However, in spite of this conception, Heisenberg considers that the Kantian definitions of "space", "time" and "causality" are not compatible with the developments of the quantum mechanics. In this opportunity we will see more carefully the conception of science and the problem of causality.
Filosofia dos valores e Educação em Nietzsche
In: ETD - Educação Temática Digital, Band 12, Heft 1, S. 25-45
O artigo visa partir da filosofia dos valores de Nietzsche para pensar a educação desde a consideração de que a avaliação dos valores é fundamental para concepções e conteúdos educacionais. A exposição principia pela discussão com Thomas E. Hart e seu livro Nietzsche, cultura and education (Nietzsche, cultura e educação), visando apresentar aproximações e distanciamentos com a análise empreendida; e, posteriormente, propõe investigar a relação entre educação e filosofia dos valores, desde suas perspectivas e consequências.
Imaginação, realidade e possibilidade na filosofia de Sartre
In: Griot: Revista de Filosofia, Band 17, Heft 1, S. 154-176
This article aims to analyze one of Mészáros' criticisms of Sartre, that is, the negative determination of totality. Starting from the distinction between real and unreal, we return to the discussion between the real and the imaginary and indicate a third element, the possible, as the texture of the real. The possible characterizes the real as a movement and denotes this as a totalization. Thus, always as process and possibility, the real and the total are understood according to the freedom of the subject.
Criar saídas e um ensino de filosofia
In: ETD - Educação Temática Digital, Band 14, Heft 1, S. 199-215
O presente artigo pretende propor um determinado ensino de filosofia para jovens, hoje, na escola, que seja uma forma de ação política transformadora do mundo. Partimos da contextualização de nossos tempos como tendo a vida tomada pela política em sociedades de controle para defendermos a ação de criação de mundos possíveis a partir do mundo dado e imposto pelos mecanismos de poder que nos capturam. A possibilidade de criação não é mérito de poucos, está ao alcance de qualquer um, do homem comum. Uma ação educativa da filosofia na escola poderia ser a de fazer os alunos passarem por uma experiência filosófica em seu pensamento como uma disciplina de criar conceitos, dentro dessa perspectiva de incentivar a criação de outros tantos mundos possíveis e diferentes.
O Thatsache na filosofia elementar de K. L. Reinhold
In: Griot: Revista de Filosofia, Band 21, Heft 3, S. 77-87
This article aims to present the emergence and the problems which the concept of Thatsache or fact of consciousness attempts to solve in the development of elementary philosophy in its early years. To accomplish this task four texts will be analyzed in three steps. Primarily, the investigation focuses on the difference between internal and external conditions of representation in relation to the mere representation and the problems which it rises in his Essay on a new theory of the human capacity of representation (1789). Secondly, the article analyses how Reinhold tries to solve these problems through the concept of fact of consciousness proposing a definition to the representation as a proposition in his On the possibility of philosophy as rigorous science and New presentation of the chiefs moments of elementary philosophy, both present in the Contribution to the correction of previous misunderstandings of the philosophers (1790). Thirdly, how this concept works not only as a principle of consciousness, but also as a ground to elementary philosophy and the philosophy as well, especially in the On the foundation of philosophical knowledge (1791), known just as Fundamentschrift.
Radovi Filozofskog fakulteta. Filozofske nauke = Philosophy
ISSN: 2232-8343
Observações sobre a filosofia da matemática de Ludwig Wittgenstein
In: Griot: Revista de Filosofia, Band 17, Heft 1, S. 97-113
In 'The Oxford Handbook of Wittgenstein', Michael Potter's essay 'Wittgenstein on mathematics' offers not only an analysis on why Wittgenstein's philosophy of mathematics is so controversial among philosophers and mathematicians but also justifies such controversy. For that purpose, Potter emphasizes that Wittgenstein's discussions on math are unfinished. This article sheds light on some inconsistencies and contradictions pertaining Wittgenstein's mathematic thoughts which, although reinforcing the decade-long criticism on the author, did not interest scholars as much as Wittgenstein's comments on Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorems and his dialogues with Alan Turing on the foundations of mathematics.
La philosophie de la mécanique quantique de Gaston Bachelard
In: Griot: Revista de Filosofia, Band 21, Heft 1, S. 180-194
Gaston Bachelard (1884-1962), French philosopher, followed a period of ruptures, that is, of conceptual and methodological changes in contemporary physics. He is one of several thinkers who presented important reflections for the understanding of contemporary atomistics. This article highlights the main philosophical reflections of Gaston Bachelard about the foundations of quantum mechanics. For that, it uses important concepts of its epistemology without which its ideas become incomprehensible. Thus, this work highlights how this science breaks with traditional scientific and philosophical ideas in the first half of the 20th century by presenting a new object of knowledge, namely, the quantum corpuscles. Furthermore, in order to characterize the philosophy of bachelardian quantum physics, according to the author, the nature of atomic particles stands out, as the scientific activity of this science in the creation of new phenomena is emphasized and its rationalism applied as philosophy is emphasized best suited to the new physics. Finally, it is emphasized in this work that Bachelard's ideas are different from other interpretations of quantum mechanics.
A filosofia da mecânica quântica de Gaston Bachelard
In: Griot: Revista de Filosofia, Band 20, Heft 3, S. 229-242
Gaston Bachelard (1884-1962), French philosopher, followed a period of ruptures, that is, of conceptual and methodological changes in contemporary physics. He is one of several thinkers who presented important reflections for the understanding of contemporary atomistics. This article highlights the main philosophical reflections of Gaston Bachelard about the foundations of quantum mechanics. For that, it uses important concepts of its epistemology without which its ideas become incomprehensible. Thus, this work highlights how this science breaks with traditional scientific and philosophical ideas in the first half of the 20th century by presenting a new object of knowledge, namely, the quantum corpuscles. Furthermore, in order to characterize the philosophy of bachelardian quantum physics, according to the author, the nature of atomic particles stands out, as the scientific activity of this science in the creation of new phenomena is emphasized and its rationalism applied as philosophy is emphasized best suited to the new physics. Finally, it is emphasized in this work that Bachelard's ideas are different from other interpretations of quantum mechanics.