Suchergebnisse

The purpose of the article is to present the research results conducted by the Polish scholars on the Polish party circles political strategies in the interwar period of the XXth century concerning the Ukrainian issue, to personify the Polish authors' scientific achievements, to predict the prospects for the further scientific research. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of historicism, systematicity, objectivity as well as the methods of historiographic analysis and synthesis. The scientific novelty is that on the basis of the wide range of historiographical sources, which were created by the Polish researchers, traced the process of accumulation and dissemination in time of historical knowledge about the essence of national programs of the Polish political circles of the interwar period of the XXth century and the ways to solve the Ukrainian issue. The Conclusions. The analyzed problem was studied intensively at the scientific level during the 70 – 80-ies of the XXth century. The researchers managed to clarify the program provisions of the main Polish party and political forces, in particular, the Ukrainian's issue place and role in it. It was proved that there were two concepts of the official Warsaw's policy leading in the interwar XXth century towards the Ukrainians – the national and state assimilation. The supporters of the first concept were the Polish National Democracy representatives and the second backed up the "piłsudczycy". The Polish socialist activists made numerous attempts towards the idea of imposing the territorial autonomy on the Ukrainians, which failed. According to the Polish Ukrainophiles, whose representatives were in different political circles, imagined that the independent Ukrainian state could form up only behind the Zbruch River. Modern Polish researchers deepened their predecessors' work in all areas of the scientific research, especially in such issues as the Ukrainian issues in the political views of R. Dmowski and in the programmes of the Polish socialists, Christian Democrats, conservatives, the peasant party. It is shown that the visions of solving the national issues in Poland of the last three party groups did not differ in originality and developed in line with the concept of building a national Polish state, implementation during the interwar period of the XXth century ; The purpose of the article is to present the research results conducted by the Polish scholars on the Polish party circles political strategies in the interwar period of the XXth century concerning the Ukrainian issue, to personify the Polish authors' scientific achievements, to predict the prospects for the further scientific research. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of historicism, systematicity, objectivity as well as the methods of historiographic analysis and synthesis. The scientific novelty is that on the basis of the wide range of historiographical sources, which were created by the Polish researchers, traced the process of accumulation and dissemination in time of historical knowledge about the essence of national programs of the Polish political circles of the interwar period of the XXth century and the ways to solve the Ukrainian issue. The Conclusions. The analyzed problem was studied intensively at the scientific level during the 70 – 80-ies of the XXth century. The researchers managed to clarify the program provisions of the main Polish party and political forces, in particular, the Ukrainian's issue place and role in it. It was proved that there were two concepts of the official Warsaw's policy leading in the interwar XXth century towards the Ukrainians – the national and state assimilation. The supporters of the first concept were the Polish National Democracy representatives and the second backed up the "piłsudczycy". The Polish socialist activists made numerous attempts towards the idea of imposing the territorial autonomy on the Ukrainians, which failed. According to the Polish Ukrainophiles, whose representatives were in different political circles, imagined that the independent Ukrainian state could form up only behind the Zbruch River. Modern Polish researchers deepened their predecessors' work in all areas of the scientific research, especially in such issues as the Ukrainian issues in the political views of R. Dmowski and in the programmes of the Polish socialists, Christian Democrats, conservatives, the peasant party. It is shown that the visions of solving the national issues in Poland of the last three party groups did not differ in originality and developed in line with the concept of building a national Polish state, implementation during the interwar period of the XXth century

The purpose of the article is to present the research results conducted by the Polish scholars on the Polish party circles political strategies in the interwar period of the XXth century concerning the Ukrainian issue, to personify the Polish authors' scientific achievements, to predict the prospects for the further scientific research. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of historicism, systematicity, objectivity as well as the methods of historiographic analysis and synthesis. The scientific novelty is that on the basis of the wide range of historiographical sources, which were created by the Polish researchers, traced the process of accumulation and dissemination in time of historical knowledge about the essence of national programs of the Polish political circles of the interwar period of the XXth century and the ways to solve the Ukrainian issue. The Conclusions. The analyzed problem was studied intensively at the scientific level during the 70 – 80-ies of the XXth century. The researchers managed to clarify the program provisions of the main Polish party and political forces, in particular, the Ukrainian's issue place and role in it. It was proved that there were two concepts of the official Warsaw's policy leading in the interwar XXth century towards the Ukrainians – the national and state assimilation. The supporters of the first concept were the Polish National Democracy representatives and the second backed up the "piłsudczycy". The Polish socialist activists made numerous attempts towards the idea of imposing the territorial autonomy on the Ukrainians, which failed. According to the Polish Ukrainophiles, whose representatives were in different political circles, imagined that the independent Ukrainian state could form up only behind the Zbruch River. Modern Polish researchers deepened their predecessors' work in all areas of the scientific research, especially in such issues as the Ukrainian issues in the political views of R. Dmowski and in the programmes of the Polish socialists, Christian Democrats, conservatives, the peasant party. It is shown that the visions of solving the national issues in Poland of the last three party groups did not differ in originality and developed in line with the concept of building a national Polish state, implementation during the interwar period of the XXth century ; The purpose of the article is to present the research results conducted by the Polish scholars on the Polish party circles political strategies in the interwar period of the XXth century concerning the Ukrainian issue, to personify the Polish authors' scientific achievements, to predict the prospects for the further scientific research. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of historicism, systematicity, objectivity as well as the methods of historiographic analysis and synthesis. The scientific novelty is that on the basis of the wide range of historiographical sources, which were created by the Polish researchers, traced the process of accumulation and dissemination in time of historical knowledge about the essence of national programs of the Polish political circles of the interwar period of the XXth century and the ways to solve the Ukrainian issue. The Conclusions. The analyzed problem was studied intensively at the scientific level during the 70 – 80-ies of the XXth century. The researchers managed to clarify the program provisions of the main Polish party and political forces, in particular, the Ukrainian's issue place and role in it. It was proved that there were two concepts of the official Warsaw's policy leading in the interwar XXth century towards the Ukrainians – the national and state assimilation. The supporters of the first concept were the Polish National Democracy representatives and the second backed up the "piłsudczycy". The Polish socialist activists made numerous attempts towards the idea of imposing the territorial autonomy on the Ukrainians, which failed. According to the Polish Ukrainophiles, whose representatives were in different political circles, imagined that the independent Ukrainian state could form up only behind the Zbruch River. Modern Polish researchers deepened their predecessors' work in all areas of the scientific research, especially in such issues as the Ukrainian issues in the political views of R. Dmowski and in the programmes of the Polish socialists, Christian Democrats, conservatives, the peasant party. It is shown that the visions of solving the national issues in Poland of the last three party groups did not differ in originality and developed in line with the concept of building a national Polish state, implementation during the interwar period of the XXth century

The purpose of the article is to present the research results conducted by the Polish scholars on the Polish party circles political strategies in the interwar period of the XXth century concerning the Ukrainian issue, to personify the Polish authors' scientific achievements, to predict the prospects for the further scientific research. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of historicism, systematicity, objectivity as well as the methods of historiographic analysis and synthesis. The scientific novelty is that on the basis of the wide range of historiographical sources, which were created by the Polish researchers, traced the process of accumulation and dissemination in time of historical knowledge about the essence of national programs of the Polish political circles of the interwar period of the XXth century and the ways to solve the Ukrainian issue. The Conclusions. The analyzed problem was studied intensively at the scientific level during the 70 – 80-ies of the XXth century. The researchers managed to clarify the program provisions of the main Polish party and political forces, in particular, the Ukrainian's issue place and role in it. It was proved that there were two concepts of the official Warsaw's policy leading in the interwar XXth century towards the Ukrainians – the national and state assimilation. The supporters of the first concept were the Polish National Democracy representatives and the second backed up the "piłsudczycy". The Polish socialist activists made numerous attempts towards the idea of imposing the territorial autonomy on the Ukrainians, which failed. According to the Polish Ukrainophiles, whose representatives were in different political circles, imagined that the independent Ukrainian state could form up only behind the Zbruch River. Modern Polish researchers deepened their predecessors' work in all areas of the scientific research, especially in such issues as the Ukrainian issues in the political views of R. Dmowski and in the programmes of the Polish socialists, Christian Democrats, conservatives, the peasant party. It is shown that the visions of solving the national issues in Poland of the last three party groups did not differ in originality and developed in line with the concept of building a national Polish state, implementation during the interwar period of the XXth century ; The purpose of the article is to present the research results conducted by the Polish scholars on the Polish party circles political strategies in the interwar period of the XXth century concerning the Ukrainian issue, to personify the Polish authors' scientific achievements, to predict the prospects for the further scientific research. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of historicism, systematicity, objectivity as well as the methods of historiographic analysis and synthesis. The scientific novelty is that on the basis of the wide range of historiographical sources, which were created by the Polish researchers, traced the process of accumulation and dissemination in time of historical knowledge about the essence of national programs of the Polish political circles of the interwar period of the XXth century and the ways to solve the Ukrainian issue. The Conclusions. The analyzed problem was studied intensively at the scientific level during the 70 – 80-ies of the XXth century. The researchers managed to clarify the program provisions of the main Polish party and political forces, in particular, the Ukrainian's issue place and role in it. It was proved that there were two concepts of the official Warsaw's policy leading in the interwar XXth century towards the Ukrainians – the national and state assimilation. The supporters of the first concept were the Polish National Democracy representatives and the second backed up the "piłsudczycy". The Polish socialist activists made numerous attempts towards the idea of imposing the territorial autonomy on the Ukrainians, which failed. According to the Polish Ukrainophiles, whose representatives were in different political circles, imagined that the independent Ukrainian state could form up only behind the Zbruch River. Modern Polish researchers deepened their predecessors' work in all areas of the scientific research, especially in such issues as the Ukrainian issues in the political views of R. Dmowski and in the programmes of the Polish socialists, Christian Democrats, conservatives, the peasant party. It is shown that the visions of solving the national issues in Poland of the last three party groups did not differ in originality and developed in line with the concept of building a national Polish state, implementation during the interwar period of the XXth century

Akt powstania Obozu Zjednoczenia Narodowego (OZN) 21 lutego 1937 r. wywarł istotny wpływ na ukształtowanie sytuacji politycznej w Polsce, po śmierci marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego. Odczytanie Deklaracji Ideowo-Politycznej nowego ugrupowania na antenie Polskiego Radia przez lidera Obozu – płk. Adama Koca zakończyło okres przemian wewnątrz stronnictwa rządowego i miało na celu umocnienie wpływów radykalnego skrzydła sanacji wśród społeczeństwa. Utworzenie OZN było posunięciem zainicjowanym przez Generalnego Inspektora Sił Zbrojnych marszałka Edwarda Śmigłego-Rydza i służyć miało konsolidacji narodu wokół armii i jej zwierzchnika dla wzmocnienia obronności kraju. Było jednocześnie wyrazem politycznych ambicji Rydza, który umacniał swoją pozycję w społeczeństwie stając się wpływowym współtwórcą polskiej polityki obok prezydenta Ignacego Mościckiego i ministra spraw zagranicznych Józefa Becka. Strona rządowa podjęła kampanię informacyjno-propagandową w celu jak najszerszego promowania swoich działań. Przekształcenia jakie nastąpiły w związku z powstaniem OZN dotknęły także stronnictw opozycyjnych, wymuszając na nich zajęcie stanowiska wobec tej ogólnonarodowej inicjatywy, która mogła zaowocować ich marginalizacją. Wobec niemożności brania udziału w polskim życiu parlamentarnym ugrupowania te swój stosunek wobec OZN wyrażały w artykułach zamieszczanych na łamach własnych organów prasowych. Głównym założeniem niniejszego tekstu jest przedstawienie reakcji środowisk o orientacji prawicowej i centro-prawicowej jako najbardziej "dotkniętych" działaniami stronników Rydza-Śmigłego. Próba odtworzenia właściwego obrazu tych stosunków powstała w oparciu o artykuły zamieszczane przez reprezentantów tych środowisk na łamach ich organów prasowych w okresie od dnia ogłoszenia Deklaracji Ideowo-Politycznej do początku marca 1937 r. Wybrany przekrój czasowy z jakiego pochodzi materiał źródłowy, pozwala na dokładne śledzenie nastrojów kręgów żywotnie zainteresowanych przekształceniami sceny politycznej. Jego zacieśnienie stało się przy tym konieczne ze względu na stopniowe pojawianie się nowych zagadnień będących, co prawda wynikiem zaistniałych warunków lecz coraz słabiej związanych z samym aktem Deklaracji Ideowo-Politycznej. Materiały prasowe zgromadzone na potrzeby powstania pracy pochodzą ze zbiorów cyfrowych Biblioteki Narodowej oraz Wielkopolskiej Biblioteki Cyfrowej, a ponadto zbiorów Wojewódzkiej Biblioteki Publicznej im. Józefa Piłsudskiego w Łodzi oraz Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. ; The foundation of Camp of National Unity (CNU) on February 21st of 1937 had significant influence on shaping of the political landscape in Poland after the death of marshall Józef Piłsudski. The Ideological-Political Declaration of the new organization announced on Polish Radio by its leader – col. Adam Koc ended the period of internal transformations among the government and was aimed at strengthening its influence on the society. The creation of CNU was initiated by Commander-in-Chief, Marshall Edward Śmigły-Rydz and was intended to consolidate the nation around the army and its superior to improve the defense of the country. At the same time, it expressed Śmigły-Rydz's political ambitions who therefore tried to solidify his social status as an influential co-founder of Polish politics together with the President Ignacy Mościcki and foreign minister Józef Beck. The government started the extensive informational and propaganda campaign to promote its actions. The transformations related to creation of CNU and Śmigły-Rydz's group activities impacted the opposition parties as well and forced it to take stand against this national initiative, since they posed a threat on the parties' impact on society. With no other means of participation in political discussion, opposition groups expressed their attitudes toward CNU in the articles published in their own press. The main assumption of this text was to present the reaction of right-wing and centre-right-wing circles as the most "affected" by the actions of the sympathizers of Śmigły-Rydz. The attempt to reconstruct an accurate image of these relations was based on articles published by representatives of these circles in their press organs in the period from the date of announcing the Ideological-Political Declaration to the beginning of March 1937. The selected cross-section of time from which the source material comes allows for to follow closely the moods of circles vitally interested in transformation the political scene. At the same time, its tightening became necessary due to the gradual emergence of new issues, which were in fact the result of the existing conditions, but less and less related to the act of the Idea-Political Declaration itself. The evaluated materials come from digital resources of National Library of Poland, as well as catalogues of The Józef Piłsudski Regional and Municipal Public Library in Łódź and Library of University of Łódź. The introduction and the chapter about overall political situation was written based on available publications, especially the book "Silni – Zwarci – Gotowi: myśl polityczna Obozu Zjednoczenia Narodowego" written by Jacek Majchrowski and "Piłsudczycy bez Piłsudskiego. Powstanie Obozu Zjednoczenia Narodowego w 1937 r." by Tadeusz Jędruszczak.