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For planners, processes of complex spatial transformations today are comparable to uncharted land and an uncertain voyage. Many possible role images overlap and contrast to traditional and established ways of thinking and acting. The focus here is on navigating instead of controlling, about supporting instead of enforcing. Planning lacks tools to think and act when facing uncertainty. This paper proposes role-reflexive planning as an educational and experimental approach to thinking through different potentialities. It offers groundwork from the boundary between planning and transition studies, using role-based ideas as a bridge. It offers an overview about different roles that are relevant to working towards transformations as spatial planners. It develops an account of role-reflexive planning that connects between contexts, actions and back to individual modes of behaviour in planning processes. As a basis, this paper condenses experiences of a role-playing pilot workshop and discussions about potential elements of a transition towards "post-growth planning". It outlines how role-playing challenges the individual roles of actors beyond the game situations themselves. Conceptual ideas foster a renewed role-based debate on thinking and acting in the face of uncertainty and ways to navigate through the stormy waters of transformation.

"Contains the current and proposed programs of work of each state planning board, prepared by the state planning boards as of June 1, 1942, and a record of state legislation for conservation, planning, zoning, and plotting."--Letter of transmittal. ; Mode of access: Internet.

SUMMARY Project appraisal methodologies have developed greatly during the last 15 years, and project planning is increasingly taking the place of macro‐economic planning in the developing countries of the world. However, flexibility must be maintained, if inertia is not to calcify the projects and strategies chosen. Eight procedural steps designed to avoid this are listed and discussed.RESUME Planification des projets et macroplanificationLes méthodologies d'évaluation des projets se sont développées rapidement au cours des quinze dernières années et la planification des projets remplace de plus en plus la planification macro‐économique dans les pays en voie de développement. Toutefois, il faut maintenir une certaine flexibilité, pour empêcher la force d'inertie de paralyser les projets et les stratégies choisies. Huit façons de procéder destinées à éviter cet état de choses sont décrites et discutées.RESUMEN Planificación de proyectos y macroplanificaciónLas metodologías de análisis de proyectos se han desarrollado mucho durante los últimos quince años y la planificación de proyectos cada vez sustituye más a la planificación macroeconómica en los países en vías de desarrollo del mundo. No obstante, debe mantenerse la flexibilidad, si no se quiere que la inercia petrifique los proyectos y estrategias elegidas. Se enumeran y analizan ocho medidas de procedimiento concebidas para evitar esto.

Cover -- Contents -- List of Tables and Figures -- 1. What is Theory? -- Introduction -- The nature of theory -- The theory-practice gap -- 2. The Current Landscape of Planning Theory -- Introduction -- Typologies of planning theory -- The approach -- 3. Systems and Rational ­Theories of Planning -- Introduction -- Systems theory -- Rational process theories of planning -- Conclusions -- 4. Critical Theory and Marxism -- Introduction -- Critical theory and Marxism -- The link to planning -- From Marxism to critical theory -- Critical and Marxist planning -- Conclusions -- 5. Neoliberal Planning -- Introduction -- Free-market, 'roll-back' neoliberalism -- Roll-out neoliberalism and planning -- Variegated, evolving and experimental neoliberalism - the search for the 'perfect fix' -- Space, scale and politics -- Neoliberalism 'on the ground' -- Conclusions -- 6. Pragmatism -- Introduction -- What is pragmatism? -- Planning and pragmatism -- Discussion of pragmatism and planning -- Conclusions -- 7. Planners as Advocates -- Introduction -- The politics of planning -- Paul Davidoff and the planner as advocate -- Pluralism -- Advocacy in action? Planning Aid and equity planning -- Conclusions -- 8. After Modernity -- Introduction -- What are the modern and the postmodern? -- Postmodern planning -- Post-structuralism and complexity -- Complexity and post-structuralism -- Conclusions -- 9. Planning, Depoliticization and the Post-Political -- Introduction -- The emergence of depoliticization and the post-political -- Politics and the political -- Planning, the police and the partition of the sensible -- Planning, post-politics and depoliticization -- Post-political planning into practice? -- Conclusions -- 10. Post-Structuralism and New Planning Spaces -- Introduction -- Rethinking space and scale - a post-structuralist perspective.

Front Cover -- Title Page -- Half Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword by Graham Haughton -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 -- Introduction: Why Do We Need Green Infrastructure? -- Chapter 2 -- What Does Green Infrastructure Do for Us? Connectivity, Access to Nature and Establishing Multi-functionality -- Chapter 3 -- How Do People Interact with Landscapes? Understanding the Value of Green Infrastructure -- Chapter 4 -- What Does Green Infrastructure Look Like? -- Chapter 5 -- Bigger, Bolder and Better: Innovation in Green Infrastructure Practice -- Chapter 6 -- How Do We Plan for Green Infrastructure? Linking Policy, Guidance and Practice -- Chapter 7 -- What Next for Green Infrastructure? -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- Index