Suchergebnisse

el presente artículo, derivado de investigación, presenta el marco conceptual y metodológico resultados del estudio de las Unidades de Planificación Territorial y de Gestión como Instrumento Operativo para la toma de Decisiones Urbano Rural, los POTs y PDM, instrumentos de planteamiento en el corto, mediano y largo plazo, en este orden la zonificación del territorio se convierte en la alternativa para plantear y fortalecer las Unidades de Gestión y Planificación Territorial donde se debe fortalecer la institucionalidad a partir de la incorporación de los actores y sectores público, privado y sociedad civil.

Las dinámicas sociopolíticas que se están presentando en los corregimientos del municipio de Medellín están llevando a una invisibilización de los campesinos y campesinas, a un desconocimiento de esta población como sujetos de derechos, a una precarización en sus actividades productivas y económicas, a una pérdida de su identidad cultural campesina, a una expropiación de sus territorios, a un cambio abrupto en los usos del suelo campesino y una grave desterritorialización.

The study aimed to consider the current state of planning information policy in the field of cybersecurity under intensified hybrid threats, using the methods of comparison and observation. The study conducted showed that in the face of intensified hybrid threats, states must develop common approaches to implement state information policy and ensure information cybersecurity. In the face of Russia's hidden and direct aggression, governments should develop an effective system for implementing national information policies to ensure information security and introduce new state structures and mechanisms for timely detection and neutralization of threats to national interests in the sphere of information security. It concludes on the need to counter the destructive behavior of states using hybrid threats at the national and supranational levels and explains the low level of information protection in individual states and international institutions. The European Union and NATO can play a key supporting role and offer support where national responses to cybersecurity threats have proved insufficient.

Throughout more than fifty years, the Cuban Revolution has been unable to implement an Economic Management System (EMS) to face and overcome the traditional problems of centrally planned economies. When Cuban leaders tried to back away from the planning methods adopted in socialist countries, the economic management suffered from 'voluntarism', with invariably negative consequences. This article proposes a categorization of the economic cycle into upward phases-in which rational economic planning and organization predominate-and downward phases with a highly centralized direction of the economy. A historic-economic analysis of each phase of the cycle is presented, revealing that upward phases were characterized by good or acceptable economic outcomes, while these were poor during downward phases with a prevalence of voluntarism, unless external factors appeared. Adapted from the source document.

Translated from the English by Soledad Loaeza.