Suchergebnisse

Der Charakter der japanischen Sozialwissenschaften war aus historischer Sicht immer schon international, indem ein Austausch bzw. Import von Wissen und Gelehrten aus westlichen Ländern seit ihrer frühesten Entwicklung im 19. Jahrhundert erfolgte. Heute ist es ihr Ziel, welches von den Regierungsorganisationen vorgegeben wird, das vorhandene Wissen in andere Teile der Welt zu exportieren. In diesem Sinne waren die Aktivitäten der Sozialwissenschaften in Japan seit etwa eineinhalb Jahrhunderten durch den Import / Export von Fachwissen geprägt. Dabei hat immer die Regierungspolitik die Initiative ergriffen, um den internationalen Status der japanischen Sozialwissenschaften zu wahren. In diesem Kontext ist danach zu fragen, was einzelne Gelehrte dazu beigetragen haben, die Internationalisierungsbestrebungen der Regierung zu unterstützen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden daher abseits der politischen Aspekte die Faktoren untersucht, welche zur Internationalisierung der Sozialwissenschaften in Japan geführt haben. Hierzu wird erstens der deutsche Einfluss auf die japanischen Sozialwissenschaften im späten 19. Jahrhundert sowie der Einfluss des Marxismus untersucht. Zweitens werden die Entwicklung des Hochschulsystems in Japan zwischen Forschung und Arbeitsmarkt sowie die Formen der interkulturellen Kommunikation in den Blick genommen. (ICI).

This text was published as a book chapter in the publication "Praxishandbuch Open Access" ("Open Access Handbook") edited by Konstanze Söllner and Bernhard Mittermaier. It reflects the current state of Open Access to text publications, data and software in the Social Sciences.

"This chapter describes the process of social fragmentation and polarization resulting from market-oriented reforms in Argentina in the 1990s. Relying on both qualitative and quantitative data, we focus on the post-layoff trajectories of non-professional workers who lost their stable, benefit-carrying jobs at the end of the recession following the 1994 Mexican peso crisis. The authors examine these workers' trajectories by two complementary channels. First, the authors conduct a comparative analysis of reinsertion paths based on two surveys of laid-off workers, one conducted in the mid-1980s and the other in the late 1990s. This analysis shows that, compared to the mid-1980s, the job market in the late 1990s offered much greater resistance to laid-off workers' attempts to get reinserted, and a much larger proportion remained unemployed or got discouraged in their job search. Second, we revisit the findings of a body of qualitative studies about workers laid off from stable, benefit-carrying jobs at the end of the 1994-1995 recession. This analysis reveals situations of self-stigmatization and points to a 'path dependency' mechanism by which people's chances in the job market improved or worsened over time, depending on their available resources and how they used them in the post-layoff period." (author's abstract)

In the social sciences, teaching methods, approaches and tools have advanced over the past decades. This progress, however, has mostly taken place on a theoretical level. Very few of the ideas and findings were implemented in class. A typical class in the social sciences remains in a lecture format with hardly any technology besides slides. There are several reasons why courses like Political Science, International Relations and others have not implemented more of the methodological and technological progress that has taken place in the 20th and 21st century so far. While the COVID19 pandemic that started in 2020 has caused a major step forward towards acceptance of technologies in the social sciences there are more tools and devices that will bring further experiences to the discipline in the near future. One of the technologies that is entering higher education now is Virtual Reality (VR). This chapter will explore VR as a technology, discuss its application in higher education and analyse its contemporary and future role in the social sciences.