Suchergebnisse

The phenomenon of exceptional (to the extent of chaos) conceptual and terminological diversity is currently observed in the research of S&T development and in the practice of public administration of science and technology in the Russian Federation. It has the most strong and negative impact at the federal level as it appears in the strategic planning documents, which sum up and put into action the governmental science and technology policy (in terms of goal setting, forecasting, planning and programming the socio-economic development and national security). The article seeks to comprehend and explain the root cause of this conceptual and terminological diversity, that lie, in the author's opinion, in the excessive decentralization and weak public administration of the S&T development in the country. In the face of new global challenges and threats the leading role of the state in S&T development should be drastically increased. The article outlines juridical principles of the Russian S&T modernization at the current stage of development.

The following article summarizes the meta-analysis of policies towards gender equality in science and research across Europe spanning the years 1980 to 2008. Observed overarching trends in the research literature are summarized, including the impact of higher education restructuring on gender equality in science and research and measures for advancing women's science careers. The article closes by stressing three key challenges: first, the integration of gender policy assessment with theories of social change; second, the gendering of innovation policy; and third, re-addressing the question of power and political struggle in relation to policy.

The relationship between science and public policy has always been controversial. On one hand, science has a dynamic guided by scientific reasoning, while public policies are guided by the competitive logic of political game. The following presentation is structured by answering four main questions: the first; what kind of science should be listened to?; the second, who should listen to what?; the third, do those who should listen really listen? and fourth, should scientists be involved in politics? ; La relación entre la ciencia y las políticas públicas siempre ha sido controvertida. Por un lado, la ciencia tiene una dinámica orientada por el razonamiento científico, mientras que las políticas públicas están orientadas por la lógica competitiva del juego político. La siguiente presentación fue desarrollada respondiendo cuatro preguntas principales: la primera; ¿qué tipo de ciencia debe ser escuchada?", la segunda, ¿quién debería escuchar qué?, la tercera, ¿aquellos que deberían escuchar realmente lo hacen?; y la cuarta, ¿deberían los científicos deberían involucrarse en la política?

Monográfico con el título: 'Educación, valores y democracia'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación ; Se trata el concepto de ciudadanía en relación con la política, también a nivel social y cultural, y a nivel interpersonal (convivencia). La educación en la ciudadanía influye en el desarrollo de la identidad de los jóvenes. Se destacan las diferencias entre los conceptos 'ciudadanía' y 'educación para la ciudadanía'. Se estudia el desarrollo de la educación en la ciudadanía, y sus posibilidades en dos niveles de política: el gubernamental y el del centro educativo. A nivel político se trata la política educativa, la política curricular, la sociedad civil, la autonomía de los centros educativos, las diferencias entre centros educativos, y el discurso pedagógico. En el ámbito cultural y educativo se analiza el papel de la educación en la ciudadanía en el currículo, el enfoque pedagógico-didáctico, y la percepción de la educación en opinión de los alumnos. ; Madrid ; Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; biblioteca@mecd.es ; ESP

Monográfico con el título: 'Educación, valores y democracia'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación ; Se trata el concepto de ciudadanía en relación con la política, también a nivel social y cultural, y a nivel interpersonal (convivencia). La educación en la ciudadanía influye en el desarrollo de la identidad de los jóvenes. Se destacan las diferencias entre los conceptos 'ciudadanía' y 'educación para la ciudadanía'. Se estudia el desarrollo de la educación en la ciudadanía, y sus posibilidades en dos niveles de política: el gubernamental y el del centro educativo. A nivel político se trata la política educativa, la política curricular, la sociedad civil, la autonomía de los centros educativos, las diferencias entre centros educativos, y el discurso pedagógico. En el ámbito cultural y educativo se analiza el papel de la educación en la ciudadanía en el currículo, el enfoque pedagógico-didáctico, y la percepción de la educación en opinión de los alumnos. ; Madrid ; Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; biblioteca@mecd.es ; ESP

Ilus. Tab. Bib. Sum. (En) ; Secondary forests developing on agricultural land after it is abandoned, or as the fallow period in systems of subsistence agriculture, are an increasingly important component of the forest resources of the tropics. They fix and store carbon and may contribute to the alleviation of global warming, they are refuges for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, and they are low-cost sources of a tremendous variety of forest products. The final years of the 20th century represent an opportune time to bring together researchers concerned with biological, ecological, social/organizational, financial/economic and political aspects of secondary forests and their management, to share their experiences and opinions concerning secondary tropical forests and to contribute to the development of a forward-looking, cross-disciplinary research agenda. The conference had the following objectives: 1) to summarize the state of knowledge of tropical secondary forests from the standpoint of the ecological, social and political sciences. 2) to report the most recent results of research on secondary forests from all relevant disciplines.

Delgado, A. (1995). Science Policy and Politics, Alexander J. Morin, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1993, 200 páginas. Redes: Revista de estudios sociales de la ciencia, 2(4), 188-191.

Introduction. The article proposes a method of theoretical research on state policy in the scientific field by highlighting economic, legal and administrative aspects in its structure and using the well-known theoretical models of economics, law and politics to analyze specific documents and identify theoretical problems that require special study. The essence of the proposed changes in the methods of analysis is that, while at present the economic and legal aspects are considered instruments subordinate to the political objective, in the future it will be necessary to optimize these policy elements based on the developed theoretical apparatus in these areas and build state policy as a system of coordinated solutions in various aspects. Methods. An effective state policy is possible only on the condition of harmonious use of the methods inherent in each of the abovementioned areas of science. In the field of science management, the use of the economic theory of externalities (external effects) and institutional theory (optimization conditions) is especially relevant. At present, in Russia, the state policy in the scientific field is formed centrally in subordination to objectives that are also formed by political authorities. For this reason, the advantage of the three components of politics (management, economics and law) is, of course, given to management. The term management is introduced to distinguish between politics as a whole and politics as a complex of administrative measures. Results and Discussion. The study of management methods in terms and concepts of political science reveals the structure of political subjects and their hierarchy. The fulfillment of the goal-setting function and the dependence of its implementation on the prevailing structure of policy subjects were tracked in the greatest detail. It is shown that the insufficient presence of scientific organizations in the system of political subjects leads to the focus of the goals of state programs on the state apparatus as executors and ...

Introduction. The article presents the results of studying the problem of interaction between science and diplomacy, the analysis of scientific diplomacy in domestic and foreign practice. The purpose of the article is to analyze scientific diplomacy as a phenomenon within the framework of he state's foreign policy and as a form of public diplomacy. Methods. The methodological basis of the study was general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis and generalization; empirical level methods: observation, comparison, grouping; special research methods. Results and Discussion. The article sets forth the interpretation of the concept of scientific diplomacy by various authors, reviewed its «classical» areas, conducted a retrospective analysis of scientific diplomacy in Russia. The article highlights and describes the features characteristic of the domestic practice of using scientific diplomacy at the present stage of development. In particular, the author gives the examples of joint projects implementation, carries out an analysis of information on the joint publications of Russian and foreign scientists stimulating international cooperation in science and technology, which is one of the goals of science diplomacy. Conclusion. The author has given recommendations for improving the mechanism for implementing and widely introducing into national practice the basics of scientific diplomacy for the purpose of strengthening international cooperation and the national goals of the state.

Process of definition of the category 'public policy' is debatable in political science and is interfaced to a number of methodological and semantic difficulties. Two main tendencies in interpretation of the designated category are allocated: the first tendency is connected with philosophical and axiological representations about 'public', the second reflects subject and practical understanding of public policy. Philosophical basis of considered concept is the spatial concept (public space, a public field, the public sphere). The second tendency in understanding of public policy as activity (subject and practical) category is connected with Anglo­Saxon tradition within policy sciences paradigm. Scientists on the former Soviet Union adapt conceptual sense of public policy on the basis of that experience of the state and cultural and valuable changes which is available in their national contexts. The main problem, in this case, is that the above categories donot correspond to the contents in the conditions of transitional systems. ; Процесс определения категории «публичная политика» является в политической науке дискуссионным и сопряжен с рядом методологических и семантических трудностей. Выделяются две главные тенденции в интерпретировании обозначенной категории: первая тенденция связана с философско­аксиологическими представлениями о «публичном», вторая отражает предметно­практическое понимание публичной политики. Философской основой рассматриваемого понятия является пространственный концепт (публичное пространство, публичное поле, публичная сфера). Вторая тенденция в понимании публичной политики как деятельностной (предметно­практической) категории связана с англо­саксонской традицией в рамках парадигмы policy sciences. Ученые на постсоветском пространстве адаптируют понятийный смысл публичной политики на основании того опыта государственных и культурно­ценностных изменений, который имеется в их национальных контекстах. Главная проблема, в данном случае, заключается в том, что вышеуказанные категории не соответствуют своему содержанию в условиях переходных систем. ; Процесс определения категории «публичная политика» является в политической науке дискуссионным и сопряжен с рядом методологических и семантических трудностей. Выделяются две главные тенденции в интерпретировании обозначенной категории: первая тенденция связана с философско­аксиологическими представлениями о «публичном», вторая отражает предметно­практическое понимание публичной политики. Философской основой рассматриваемого понятия является пространственный концепт (публичное пространство, публичное поле, публичная сфера). Вторая тенденция в понимании публичной политики как деятельностной (предметно­практической) категории связана с англо­саксонской традицией в рамках парадигмы policy sciences. Ученые на постсоветском пространстве адаптируют понятийный смысл публичной политики на основании того опыта государственных и культурно­ценностных изменений, который имеется в их национальных контекстах. Главная проблема, в данном случае, заключается в том, что вышеуказанные категории не соответствуют своему содержанию в условиях переходных систем.

This thesis aims to identify how scientists who belong to epistemic communities promote the development of scientific diplomacy activities within the framework of US and German foreign policy towards Colombia. Its main objective is to identify the conditions that allow the members of these communities to develop processes of scientific cooperation through different international governmental agencies. This research project seeks to contribute to the discipline of International Relations, identifying new actors and cooperative actions that contribute to foreign policy. This study uses a Constructivist theoretical approach, employing qualitative methods to highlight the importance of members of epistemic communities to scientific diplomacy. To this end, this study analyzes some historical and current examples within different areas of knowledge within the context of bilateral relations with Colombia, in order to illustrate the development of scientific cooperation processes between the United States, Germany and Colombia. ; Centro de Estudios Estadounidenses

Vasen, F. (2014). Política científica e identidades institucionales en la universidad. Redes, 20(39), 183-205. ; Las políticas de ciencia y tecnología suelen analizarse en tanto políticas públicas de organismos gubernamentales. Sin embargo, existen también iniciativas de promoción de la ciencia y la tecnología a otros niveles, como el de las instituciones universitarias. Sobre la base de una revisión teórica y un estudio de caso, en el presente artículo nos proponemos marcar tres ejes de análisis para las políticas científicas universitarias. El primero se relaciona con el lugar de la investigación en la definición de la identidad institucional universitaria y opone universidad científica a profesionalista. El segundo refiere a la libertad operacional de la institución, tanto a nivel externo frente a su patrocinante, como a nivel interno, en lo que hace a su forma de gobierno. En estos casos las oposiciones son entre autonomía, intervencionismo, democracia y burocratización. Finalmente, el tercer eje se vincula con la apropiación social de la investigación universitaria, y opone una visión empresarial de la universidad a otra ligada a la crítica social. Se concluye que la dinámica de la política científica en la universidad tiene componentes específicos relacionados con el peso de los actores que participan y las identidades que la institución representa. ; Science and technology policy are usually analyzed as public policies originated in governmental agencies. There are however also initiatives to fund research and development at the institutional level in universities. Drawing on theoretical literature and a case study of Argentina's biggest higher education institution, in this article we aim to propose three key issues for analysis for university research policies. The first relates to the place of research in the definition of the universities' institutional identity and involves the tension between scientific and professional university. The second addresses the issue of institutional "operational freedom", with regard both externally to its sponsor and internally to its form of internal governance. Tensions emerge in this case between autonomy, interventionism and bureaucratization. The third point deals with the social appropriation of research outcomes. The opposition here is between the new pro-commercialization academic ethos and the view of university as the place for social critique. Finally, we conclude that the analysis of research policies at the university level should consider its specific characteristics with regard to the identities at play and the distribution of power between stakeholders in the institutional governance.

The paper focuses on the issue of theoretical and methodological justification of monetary policy and its tools. A review of Russian economists' theoretical approaches to this problem allowed the authors to identify theoretical, methodological and applied bases of evaluation of monetary policy of the Bank of Russia. The paper presents the authors' view of the scientific discussion on appropriateness of the monetary policy adopted by the Bank of Russia for the current state of the economy. The authors reveal principle distinctions between theoretical arguments of the supporters of the Bank's monetary policy and their opponents. The research theoretically and conceptually validates the changes in basic definitions and ideas contributing to the existing understanding of inflation in the monetary policy of the Bank of Russia. The analysis of macroeconomic theory and actual monetary policy gives grounds to conclude about their strong correlation. The suggested review of theoretical approaches to the problem studied will allow determining theoretical, methodological and applied rationale for monetary policy more accurately.

La política de Ciencia y Tecnología (C&T) hace parte de los paradigmas más importantes de la administración del Estado, desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Tal importancia es debida a la búsqueda por el posicionamiento de la racionalidad científica en el centro de las actividades humanas, especialmente el desarrollo económico. El aumento de los esfuerzos para desarrollar la investigación científica y tecnológica desde el Estado llevó a que en Colombia se organizara la política alrededor de una institución encargada, Colciencias. Mediante el enfoque Advocacy Coalition se pretendió dar un entendimiento de la interacción de los actores involucrados en el desenvolvimiento Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SNCTeI) desde 1990 hasta el 2018, pretendiendo integrar desde Colciencias a la Universidad, el Estado y la Empresa. (texto tomado de la fuente) ; Science and Technology (C&T) policy is part of the most important paradigms of state administration, since the second half of the twentieth century. Such importance is due to the search for the positioning of scientific rationality at the center of human activities, especially economic development. The increased efforts to develop scientific and technological research from the State led to the organization of politics in Colombia around a responsible institution, Colciencias. Through the Advocacy Coalition approach, it was intended to give an understanding of the interaction of the actors involved in the development of the National System of Science, Technology and Innovation (SNCTeI) from 1990 to 2018, intending to integrate the University, the State and the Company from Colciencias . ; Doctor en Estudios Políticos y Relaciones Internacionales. Línea de Investigación: Evaluación de Políticas Públicas . ; Doctorado ; Evaluación de Políticas Públicas