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The article was prepared on the basis of the query in Polish as well as German printed and archival sources: research papers, contributions, monographs, historical studies and statistical lexicons, including most of all voluminous series of Royal Prussian Statistical Office in Berlin and publications of Imperial Statistical Office of German Reich.
The article describes results of statistical research performed by Prussian Offices concerning Polish lands under Prussian rule, Poles in the Prussian census and urban statistics of cities of Wroclaw, Berlin and Poznan as well as Polish statisticians acting in Prussia and Polish scientific societies under Prussian partition dealing with economic research. The literature on the subject was also analysed and the usefulness of Prussian statistics in historical research (especially on demography and economic issues) in relation to the development of Polish lands under Prussian rule was evaluated.

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This volume is made up of essays first presented as papers at the conference held in May 2015 at POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw. It is divided into two sections. The first deals with museological questions—the voices of the curators, comments on the POLIN museum exhibitions and projects, and discussions on Jewish museums and education. The second examines the current state of the historiography of the Jews on the Polish lands from the first Jewish settlement to the present day.

Making use of the leading scholars in the field from Poland, Eastern and Western Europe, North America, and Israel, the volume provides a definitive overview of the history and culture of one of the most important communities in the long history of the Jewish people.

The beginning of the twentieth century is a time of the development of official statistics in European countries. Due to the lack of its own independent state, it was not possible to publish a Yearbook of Poland at the time. In this context, the Polish Statistical Association (PSA) was founded in Cracow in 1912. One of its main tasks was to merge statistical information on Polish lands dispersed among statistical offices of Russia, Germany and Austria and to issue its own statistical yearbooks for Polish lands and their population. Before the beginning of World War I, the PSA was able to prepare the publication Statistics of Poland, printed in 1915, whose main authors were: A. Krzyżanowski and K. W. Kumaniecki. Many people from the intellectual elite of the country were involved in the project. The territorial scope of Statistics of Poland is interesting. It covers the territory of the first Polish Republic and the area of Upper Silesia and the southern Masuria, where Poles were the majority. Statistical data contained in Statistics of Poland amaze by their abundance even today. The importance of Statistics of Poland is that it gave arguments for the Polish delegation in the con­duct of the discussions on the shape of the territory of reborn Poland in 1918 carried out at the peace conference in Versailles.

The idea of establishing the Bank of Poland as the central bank of the Second Polish Republic and introducing a new currency appeared shortly after Poland regained its independence. At the beginning of 1919, in the economic circles it was believed that one of the initial steps taken by the government would be to establish a new issuing bank in place of the Polish National Loan Fund, which had appeared on the Polish territory in an emergency situation—during the First World War, and which, contrary to the original (both German and Polish) plans survived for 7 years and was transformed after the war into the first bank of issue in the now independent Polish State.
The Polish National Loan Fund established by the Germans as an issuing institution by way of the ordinance of December 9, 1916 establishing the Polnische Landes Darlehnskasse was granted the privilege of issuing a new currency, that is a new monetary unit under the name marka polska. The German authorities were guided by various objectives when creating the new issuing institution—first of all, the aim was to limit the area of circulation of the German mark and to create an instrument that would draw in the occupied area of the Polish territory to finance the war, contrary to the assurances of the occupying authorities that the PKKP would be an institution supporting the economy and banking system of the country—the Kingdom of Poland, whose creation was envisaged after the end of World War I.

In 2018, Statistics Poland, the publisher of statistical yearbooks celebrated its100th anniversary. The purpose of this work is to present a book which is the immediate predecessor of the Polish statistical yearbooks. The work, published in 1915, entitled "Polish Statistics", was elaborated by Adam Krzyżanowski and Kazimierz Władysław Kumaniecki, eminent Polish statisticians and economists. Based on this work, we can reconstruct the demographic picture of the Polish lands before the outbreak of the First World War, which initiates the analysis of the process of independence restoration through demo-graphic and socio-economic situation of the country. The number of population on historical Polish lands around the year 1910 is shown. At the same time, the estimates of the number of Polish population on these lands with the information on the scale of emigration and vital statistics is presented. Such information contributes to the knowledge of the history of the rebirth of Polish independence and the history of statistics.

The book describes the functions of water in Polish towns from the late Middle Ages to the beginning of the Early-Modern Era against a wide European background. It presents the issue of water supply in the context of the town as a complex social and economic organism, taking into account social relations, administration and power as well as living and working conditions. Describing water supply devices, the author reconstructs the ways in which the techniques were transferred to the Polish lands. She analyses municipal court books and documents concerning towns of various sizes in the Polish lands from the 14th to the 16th century, with particular emphasis on Kraków. In addition, she also considers archaeological and iconographical sources. Her findings provide a new insight into the alimentary and hygienic uses of water, its importance for production and crafts, and its use as a source of energy, transport and communication. This is the first broad comparative presentation of the subject in Polish and European literature

The article analyzes the relationship between citizenship of peasants and photography in the Polish lands in the nineteenth century, using the perspective of potential history (A. A. Azoulay). The purpose of the article is twofold. The first step is to show how photography supported the process of separating the upper classes from the peasants and prevented villagers from being thought of as (present and future) citizens. The second one demonstrates various attempts to "re-frame" the existing reality, i.e. to reunite in one photographic frame what had previously been separated, which was tantamount to imagining a different social order, an order based on cocitizenship. The analyzed material includes mainly photographs and, as contextual sources, paintings from the Kingdom of Poland and Galicia.

Cover -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Part I. Opinions concerning the quality of water in the Middle Ages and at the beginning of the early modern period -- Part II. The town and the river -- II.1 Lowland towns and the river -- II.2 Upland towns and the river -- II.3 The town watercourse network: the functions of rivers, leats and moats in the spatial development of towns with particular reference to Kraków -- II.4 Water in suburban gardens situated on rivers -- Part III. Water for towns -- III.1 Rainwater cisterns -- III.2 Dug wells -- III.2.1 Construction technique and function of wells -- III.2.2 Wells within the town space: ownership and management -- III.2.2.1 Private wells -- III.2.2.2 Between the private and the public space: wells belonging to neighbours' communities -- III.2.2.3 Town wells -- III.2.3 Dug wells as mikvehs -- III.2.4 Well-builders -- III.3 Water supply systems -- III.3.1 The importance and functions of water supply systems -- III.3.2 Technological and organizational models of the construction and functioning of water supply systems -- III.3.3 The establishment of water supply systems in mediaeval European towns -- III.3.4 The structure of water supply systems -- III.3.4.1 Water intakes for water supply systems -- Spring water intakes -- Water-works (Wasserkünste) -- Archimedes' screw in Poznań? -- III.3.4.2 Water supply system conduits -- Metal pipes -- Ceramic pipes -- Wooden pipes -- III.3.4.3 Water storage reservoirs (zompy, rząpy, rząpia): inspection wells, water storage reservoirs connected to a water supply system open to the public, and decorative fountains -- III.3.4.4 Connections -- III.3.5 Builders of water supply systems -- III.4 Private and professional ways of supplying water -- Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- Manuscripts -- Printed sources -- Cartographic sources -- Dictionaries.