Suchergebnisse

The Gnassingbé clan has ruled the country since 1967. The demand for political alternance, constituted the major contentious issue between the government and the challengers of the Gnassingbé regime throughout the survey period. The first local elections since more than 30 years took finally place on 30 June 2019 and resulted in the victory of the ruling party. Shortly afterwards, in February 2020, the President won also the disputed presidential elections and thus consolidated his power, assisted by the loyal army and security services. The outbreak of the Corona epidemic in Togo in April 2020 and the subsequent economic recession may have contributed to limit popular protest against the Gnassingbé regime. The human rights record of the government has improved but remains poor. Despite undeniable improvements to the framework and appearance of the regime's key institutions during the review period, democracy remains far from complete. However, the international community, notably Togo's African peers, the AU and ECOWAS, followed a 'laissez-faire' approach in the interests of regional stability and their national interests in dealing with Togo. Economic growth remained stable at about 5% per annum (before Corona). Public investment in infrastructure and increases in agricultural productivity, notably of export crops, had been the key drivers of economic growth. However, growth remains vulnerable to external shocks and the climate and has not been inclusive. Moreover, it was overshadowed by increasing inter-personal and regional inequality as well as an increase in extreme poverty. Money-laundering, illegal money transfers and trafficking grew alarmingly. Nevertheless, the business climate improved considerably.

Compares responses to the events of 11 September 2001 to Michel Houellebecq's novel, Extension du dumaine de la lutte, which describes a fictional people that destroy each other's livelihood. The focus is on the spread of mass fear & how 9/11 has reinforced the link between security & international migration, & led countries of North America & Western Europe to strengthen both border controls & the internal control of non-citizens. It is argued that the "securitization" of international migration in the West has resulted in a "clash of civilizations" that has reinforced cultural stereotypes. The historical evolution of migration as a security issue is traced & the migration-security nexus is explored as "an instance of symbolic politics viz. meta-politics in particular." Other issues discussed include the consequences of securitizing international migration; the need to include the study of the metapolitics of migration; & the importance of increasing awareness of both the import/export of conflicts through international migration & positive elements of immigration in order to remove fantasies about migrants as security threats. J. Lindroth

Cuando Cuba entra en el año 2022, se avecinan crisis económicas y tensiones sociales. Este capítulo hace un recorrido por las dificultades externas que interactúan con los asuntos domésticos de la isla y los refuerzan. Más allá de la situación inmediata, reflexiona sobre las restricciones y las presiones internacionales subyacentes que configurarán las opciones para la nación cubana durante la próxima década. El análisis abarca las relaciones de Cuba con los Estados Unidos y con la Unión Europea, así como con Venezuela, México, China, Rusia y Canadá, y plantea en qué medida las vacunas contra la COVID-19 fabricadas en Cuba pueden relanzar la proyección del poder blando del país. Desde una perspectiva comparada, el régimen isleño y su perfil internacional siguen siendo en muchos sentidos diferentes de cualquier otro, y los esquemas predictivos basados en analogías falsas corren el riesgo de inducir a errores.

Controversial constitutional and institutional reforms voted in May 2019 in parliament opened the way for President Gnassingbé to stand for a fourth and fifth term because the law does not apply retroactively. In February 2020, the President won again the disputed presidential elections and thus consolidated his power, assisted by the loyal army and security services. The outbreak of the Corona epidemic in Togo in March and the subsequent economic recession may have contributed to limit popular protest against the Gnassingbé regime. The human rights record of the government has improved, but remains poor. Yet, the international community followed a 'laissez faire' approach in the interests of regional stability. The economy dropped into recession due to the worldwide economic negative effects of the corona-crisis. The democracy index of the Economic Intelligence Unit, London, still rated Togo as an 'authoritarian regime'.

Analiza la problemática específica de las mujeres que estudian en las especialidades de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Partimos del análisis de los modelos teóricos existentes en torno a estos temas: el enfoque CTS (Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad) y el enfoque feminista, desde una perspectiva de género. La estrategia metodológica utilizada permitió conocer la percepción, nociones y símbolos que tanto los varones como las mujeres tienen sobre la ciencia y tecnología. Se realizaron 18 entrevistas semiestructuradas a jóvenes estudiantes de las facultades de Ingeniería de los últimos ciclos de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, así como seis entrevistas a docentes de la Universidad y observaciones en aulas.

La aplicación de estrategias para el desarrollo de públicos tiene una presencia
generalizada en la agenda cotidiana de las organizaciones del ámbito cultural y
de gestión patrimonial. Sin embargo, algunos eventos culturales, debido a su
peculiar naturaleza, han quedado al margen de la narrativa contemporánea, con
la consiguiente ausencia de investigaciones en el marco de un campo
determinado y de enfoques específicos para su estudio. Dado que en las ferias de
arte se combinan componentes de carácter cultural y comercial, constituyen un
caso interesante para evaluar el papel que desempeña el público general y conocer
cómo lograr su participación efectiva. Mediante el estudio del caso concreto de
Hybrid, una feria española de arte emergente, esta investigación evalúa las
estrategias de desarrollo de públicos aplicables a las ferias de arte, partiendo de
una detallada investigación documental y de entrevistas en profundidad a
representantes de la feria. A raíz de estas entrevistas surge un debate a partir de
la percepción de los gestores de ferias de arte sobre el papel del público en general
y sobre los objetivos orientados a la audiencia que se plantean desde estos
eventos.

La representación en la contemporaneidad posee una innegable centralidad en la cultura occidental, en la cual se relaciona lo visto con la verdad. Actualmente, los productos audiovisuales son los encargados de recrear y representar visualmente espacios y culturas del mundo a los que generalmente sólo se puede acceder mediante las pantallas, con las connotaciones y filtros que ello implica. En la dicotomía entre Occidente y el mundo árabe musulmán los medios de comunicación han sustituido a otros actores como ventana de aproximación y producción de la imagen de esa parte del mundo. Las mujeres han sido parte de los elementos diferenciadores más recurridos a la hora de representar a las culturas árabes musulmanas y el choque entre los valores occidentales y de Oriente. Este capítulo propone un recorrido a través de las contribuciones teóricas y elementos contextuales que configuran e influyen en la representación de mujeres árabes musulmanas en largometrajes y series de ficción españoles de la segunda década del siglo XXI. Estos factores constituyen la base para el posterior diagnóstico del papel de los medios de españoles en la reducción de desigualdades y a favor de la equidad de género a través del discurso social del entretenimiento.

Controversial constitutional and institutional reforms voted in May in parliament opened the way for President Gnassingbé to stand for a fourth and fifth term (2020 and 2025) because the law does not apply retroactively. The first local elections since more than 30 years resulted in the victory of the ruling party. Grand expectations of the opposition which had hoped for a fundamental change at least at the grass-roots were again dashed. The human rights situation sharply deteriorated due to growing political and social tensions related to the prospects of the head of state running for a fourth term. Islamist terrorist violence spread from Mali to the northern frontier region of Togo. The autonomous deep-water port of Lomé developed as a growth pole and hub for the sub-region. China became the major partner beside the established partners the EU, France and Germany. The informal sector still dominated the economy. Economic freedom remained with the overall status 'mostly unfree'.

Throughout the year the controversial legislative elections dominated the political landscape. Huge anti-government demonstrations that called in vain for political alternance. The legislative elections of 20 December 2018, boycotted by the major opposition parties, resulted in an easy victory of the ruling party, however without the expected constitutional amendment majority. Therefore, the prime minister and his cabinet were replaced. The local elections, crucial for democratization at the grass-roots, but postponed time and again since 1987, were again postponed in December 2018 sine die. Economic growth remained stable at about 5% per annum. Public investment in infrastructure (e. g. roads, harbour) and increases in agricultural productivity, notably of export crops, had been the key drivers of economic growth. Moreover, money-laundering, illegal money transfers and trafficking grew alarmingly. Unemployment and lacking political change caused increasing migration.