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Britain's integration model is recurrently held up as the epitome of the multiculturalist model in Europe. Moreover, it tends to be presented as though it was intrinsic to British society and had always existed. This is not the case. In reality the model has passed through successive phases of an ongoing evolution and was constructed through the interaction between British society and the ethnic minorities of immigrant origin who settled in Britain after the Second World War. After a brief period of assimilationism, a race relations paradigm was formulated, followed by the establishment of a multicultural policy. It is often assumed that multicultural policy is a simple continuation of a race relations approach under another name. But this paper argues that this is inaccurate and that each corresponds to distinct policy parameters and to different stages. Moreover, this was not the end of the line. The multiculturalist model has come under a barrage of criticism emanating from various sources and different viewpoints. Nevertheless, this paper maintains that it has not been eliminated but has metamorphosed into a Muslim paradigm. It explores the different stages of integration policies directed at immigrants and how those were constructed. The paradigms were developed through the categorisation of immigrants by majority society and the mobilisation of immigrants as a result of their interaction with British society. The paper draws the contours of each of these stages, examines the fault lines and areas of tension, and explores the underpinnings of the evolution. It argues that policies were forged through and beyond discourses largely by the immigrants themselves. In the main it can be posited that the process started with action that began at local level at the initiative of the immigrants and through immigrants/ethnic minority agency; it subsequently progressed to the national level. This prompted responses and funding programmes from central government. Nonetheless the artisans of those policies in their ...

International audience It is often argued that development aid can and should compensate the restrictions on migration. Such compensation, Shachar has recently argued, should be levied as a tax on citizenship to further the global equality of opportunity. Since citizenship is essentially a "birthirght lottery", that is, a way of legalizing privileges obtained by birth, it would be fair to compensate the resulting gap in opportunities available to children born in rich versus poor countries by a "birthright privilege levy", as Shachar called it. This article sets out a defence of three theses. The first states that equality of opportunity is incompatible with, and cannot be achieved in, segregated territories. The second posits that to believe that material equality compensates the injustice of restrictions on movement is to commit a "sedentarist mistake". The third affirms that any citizenship levy, including the egalitarian and non-sedentarist formula I'm proposing, would be better understood as a penalty rather than a tax.

Partizipative Forschung hat einen demokratisierenden und damit zugleich einen gesellschaftskritischen Anspruch. Allerdings ist von den Anfängen der Aktionsforschung in den 1970er Jahren bis heute kaum reflektiert worden, welches Demokratieverständnis partizipativen Ansätzen zugrunde liegt: Wer partizipiert aus welchen Gründen, in welchem Umfang und zu welchem Zeitpunkt am Forschungsprozess? Wie stellen sich Machtverhältnisse zwischen den unterschiedlichen AkteurInnen dar? Wer sind die eigentlichen "Stars" in der Manege partizipativer qualitativer Forschung? Unter Hinzuziehung unterschiedlicher demokratietheoretischer Überlegungen wollen wir aufzeigen, wie der gesellschaftskritische Anspruch partizipativer Forschung nicht nur formuliert, sondern auch in der Praxis eingelöst werden kann.

Following trade agreements between ASEAN states, the expansion of cross-border roads and bridges between Laos and Thailand has linked local communities and distant markets in increasingly diverse ways. Although the planned impacts of such integration are expected to be beneficial, effects on the ground vary, as witnessed at a sleepy outpost in Xayabury and a more vibrant crossing in Savannakhet. This paper discusses first the physical setting of such border facilities, and then explores their actual local effects on traders' activities, highlighting changes in gender roles and perceptions of entrepreneurial competition participated in by women in the two research sites.

since the 1960s, the physionomy of European cities has been strongly characterised by the large constituencies, both in the East and in the West. We offer comparative research into the discursive constitution of large suburbs in Germany, France and Poland. With the theory of speeches, we presuppose that the meaning of social spaces is built into discourse, within which the socio-spatial order is established. In order to identify the various local, international or national discursive models, we carry out a lexicometric analysis and a qualitative analysis of large print daily newspapers. These show how, in addition to the diversity of qualifications of the large groups, they are formed through the prism of security, sometimes threatened in Poland, sometimes threatening in France and Germany. Contextual meanings are not constrained at national borders or at linguistic borders, as speeches on the main groups in East and West Germany are differentiated. ; Since the 1960s, large housing estates have shaped the physiognomy of suburbia in Western and Eastern European cities. This paper examines the constitution of meaning of this particular form of housing estate within three different national contexts (Germany, Poland, and France). We identify transnational and specific national discursive patterns that produce both particular social spaces and distinct social orders. A research design in discourse theory allows focusing on social phenomena in their specific context and thus serves as the appropriate frame of reference for such an international comparative study. We assume that the interlinkage of spatial (here/there) and social demarcations (familiar/foreign or safe/unsafe) is constitutive for the discursive production of spaces and social structures. Empirically, we base our study on major national newspapers. Combining corpus linguistic, lexicometric analysis with the analysis of articulation patterns, this paper explores differences and similarities, and ruptures in the discursive constitution of large housing ...

In August 2004, for the first time, a crisis linked to the introduction of a dog in France. However, many similar events have always remained confined to the professional sphere. To shed light on the origins of this first rabies crisis, this article shows how this transformation of an 'old public problem' into a crisis can be interpreted as the result of a sudden renegotiation of the historic compromise on the management of this disease. The changes in the health security scene that precede the crisis will enable health organisations to reposition themselves at the heart of a rabies management system, of which they had remained on the margins. The succession of health events, heatwave first and subsequent rabies alerts, reshaping the perception of crises and developing specific knowledge about rabies will at the same time make it possible to think and make it possible to turn a rabies alert into a crisis. Lastly, the comparison of different policy frameworks will help to reshape the approach and risk analysis of the August 2004 alert and thus radicalise the management measures implemented. Understanding the August 2004 rabies crisis therefore requires it to be placed both in the history of the public problem of rabies and at the heart of the reconfigurations inherent in all health crises. ; En août 2004 éclate pour la première fois une crise liée à l'introduction en France d'un chien enragé. De multiples événements similaires sont pourtant toujours restés confinés dans la sphère professionnelle. Pour éclairer la genèse de cette première crise de la rage, cet article montre comment cette transformation d'un « vieux problème public » en crise peut être interprétée comme le résultat d'une brusque renégociation du compromis historique tissé autour de la gestion de cette maladie. Les recompositions de la scène de la sécurité sanitaire qui précèdent la crise vont permettre aux organisations de la Santé de se repositionner au coeur d'un dispositif de gestion de la rage dont elles étaient restées en marge. La succession ...

Die "solidarischen Banker" bilden eine Berufsgruppe, die sich allmählich vom klassischen Beruf des Bankiers abhebt. Sie schöpft ihre Ressourcen im Wirtschafts- und Finanzbereich, um sich zu einer spezifischen Kategorie zu entwickeln. Die berufliche Verankerung der hier Tätigen ist durch eine Überschneidung der Finanz- und Bankenwelt und der Sozialarbeit gekennzeichnet. Über den Werdegang hinaus verleiht aber die alltägliche Berufsausübung keine sofortige Berufs- und Statusidentität. Die Durchlässigkeit zwischen dem solidaristischen Inhalt der Tätigkeiten und dem Finanzaspekt, zwischen Arbeitsverhältnissen und ehrenamtlicher Tätigkeit, zwischen dem verantwortlichen Leiter (nur selten "Direktor" genannt), den Beschäftigten und den (begünstigten oder sonstigen) Mitgliedern ist das Fundament dieses Mikrokredit-Berufsraums. ; International audience "Socially-conscious bankers" constitute a profession that is gradually becoming distinct from that of traditional bankers. It uses resources from the economics and finance fields to form a specific category. Professional placement of individuals is characterised by overlapping the fields of finance, banking and social work. From this point, beyond the education pathway, daily professional practices do not confer an immediate professional and statutory identity. Exchanges between the socially conscious content of activities and the financial aspect; between being paid a salary and volunteering; and between the person in charge (rarely called manager), other employees and members (be they beneficiaries or not) are the basis for the professional microcredit space. ; Les « banquiers solidaires » constituent un groupe professionnel qui s'autonomise progressivement de la profession de banquier classique. Pour autant, il puise dans le champ économique et financier les ressources pour en devenir une catégorie spécifique. L'ancrage professionnel des individus se caractérise par un chevauchement entre l'espace de la finance, de la banque et celui du travail social. Dès lors, au-delà ...

"In dem Artikel wird am Beispiel Serbiens der Einfluss politischer und sozialer Wandlungsprozesse auf die Aushandlung der Geschlechterrollen verdeutlicht. Im Zentrum der Betrachtung steht der Zeitraum von 1980 bis 2009. Obwohl die Geschlechter de jure bereits gleichgestellt waren, blieb die praktische Umsetzung der Gleichstellung im sozialistischen Jugoslawien, zum Beispiel hinsichtlich unbezahlter Familienarbeit und Erwerbstätigkeit, trotz sichtbarer Fortschritte problematisch. Eine mit dem Zerfall Jugoslawiens und den kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen in den 1990er Jahren einhergehende Militarisierung der Geschlechterrollen verschärfte auch die genderspezifische publicprivate-division erneut. Erst seitdem mit dem Sturz Milosevic's der eigentliche Demokratisierungsprozess begann, treten nationalistische Gendervorstellungen wieder in den Hintergrund. Die praktische Aufteilung der Verantwortlichkeiten zwischen den Geschlechtern wird nun zunehmend von marktwirtschaftlichen Prinzipien geprägt." (Autorenreferat)

International audience This interview with the author of Society, Space and Justice reminds us how ahead of its time the books was when it first appeared in 1981, including as it did a spatial approach to inequalities integrating perspectives from economics as well as history, an analysis on multiple scales, and modelling. The author further discusses the changes that have occurred since then in the center-periphery model, as a result of globalization, decentralization and the challenges face by welfare states.

Our study tried to return and analyse 20 biographical stories of imprisoned minors, in minor neighbourhoods of two arrest houses and a prison centre. The data collected allowed us to shift the eye, from a question about the 'passing to act' and the 'sense of punishment', to an analysis of biographic reports to prison and the institutional functioning of juvenile neighbourhoods, the exercise of power within them, and how to deal with them as a detainee. The methodological framework provides data on the ordinary, banal and daily experience of detainees, both from a biographical and institutional point of view. In this context, like our previous work at the stopping house [1], the 'miners' district was seized as a crossing point, a point to which individual destinies converge. This point of passage is not meaningless for the actor; as a specific episode of existence, detention forces the locked actor to 'biographical work', during which past, present and future experiences are receding, and where self-thinking is to be redefined. [1] Chantraine G., 2004, Beyond walls. Trajectories and experiments at the stopping house, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France-le Monde. ; International audience ; Our study tried to return and analyse 20 biographical stories of imprisoned minors, in minor neighbourhoods of two arrest houses and a prison centre. The data collected allowed us to shift the eye, from a question about the 'passing to act' and the 'sense of punishment', to an analysis of biographic reports to prison and the institutional functioning of juvenile neighbourhoods, the exercise of power within them, and how to deal with them as a detainee. The methodological framework provides data on the ordinary, banal and daily experience of detainees, both from a biographical and institutional point of view. In this context, like our previous work at the stopping house [1], the 'miners' district was seized as a crossing point, a point to which individual destinies converge. This point of passage is not meaningless for the ...

'Der Artikel setzt sich mit der Messung von Demokratie und Demokratiequalität auseinander. Dabei werden drei globale (quantitative) 'Makromodelle' für Demokratiemessung verglichen: Freedom House, Democracy Index und Democracy Ranking. Drei Forschungsfragen stehen im Vordergrund: Wie unterscheiden sich die drei Initiativen konzeptionell und methodisch voneinander? Wie plausibel sind diese drei Makromodelle für Demokratiemessung? Wie ähnlich (oder unähnlich) sind die empirischen Messergebnisse von Demokratie und Demokratiequalität? Für eine umfassendere Diskussion der Befunde wird auch auf (paarweise) Ländervergleiche von Demokratiequalität in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur verwiesen. Es lässt sich eine tendenzielle Übereinstimmung der Einschätzungen von Demokratiequalität sowohl der ('quantitativen') Makromodelle als auch der (teilweise mehr 'qualitativen') Länderanalysen zur Diskussion stellen.' (Autorenreferat)

'Philosophy of science: Auguste Comte', Studies gathered by Annie Petit published with the 'Maison Auguste Comte' and the competition of the University of Paris IV, Revue philosophique de la France et de l'tranger, Paris, Publishing PUF, 2007, 132th year, Tome CXCVII, pp. 419-525. National audience The book is not intended as a report or hagiographic reading of Auguste Comte's work, 150 years after his death. The objective is to analyse the categories used by Auguste Comte in its philosophy of science. The collective book consists of an introduction and six chapters, the first two analysing Auguste Comte's difficult report to the academic institution and in particular to the Academy of Sciences. The other four contributions discuss the relevance of certain Comtian epistemological categories, which sometimes demonstrate a desire to form a coherent view on the classification of science and sometimes create obstacles in the scientific field concerned. ; Recension d'ouvrage : « Philosophie des sciences : Auguste Comte », Études réunies par Annie Petit publiées avec le concours de la « Maison Auguste Comte » et le concours de l'université de Paris IV, Revue Philosophique de la France et de l'étranger, Paris, éditions PUF, 2007, 132e année, tome CXCVII, pp. 419-525. National audience Le livre n'est pas conçu comme un compte-rendu ou une lecture hagiographique de l'œuvre d'Auguste Comte, 150 ans après sa mort. L'objectif est d'analyser les catégories utilisées par Auguste Comte dans sa philosophie des sciences. L'ouvrage collectif est constitué d'une introduction et de six chapitres, les deux premiers analysant le rapport difficile d'Auguste Comte à l'institution universitaire et en particulier à l'académie des sciences. Les quatre autres contributions discutent la pertinence de certaines catégories épistémologiques comtiennes qui tantôt témoignent d'une volonté de former un point de vue cohérent sur la classification des sciences et tantôt créent des obstacles dans la branche scientifique concernée.

International audience La Seine-Saint-Denis, département industriel et ouvrier, est historiquement une terre d'accueil caractérisée aujourd'hui par sa diversité sociale et sa richesse culturelle. La culture, qui était en banlieue le privilège d'une élite, a connu ces dernières décennies un processus de mutation et intègre désormais la diversité qu'offre les cultures urbaines. Le mouvement de démocratisation de la culture s'est accompagné de projets culturels innovants issus de la dynamique populaire. Ces cultures qui émergent notamment d'une jeunesse créative ont incité les édiles urbains à se rapprocher davantage de la population et à repenser leur approche politique en concevant le culturel comme un marqueur identitaire incontournable du territoire départemental.Manifestations artistiques, événements internationaux et équipements culturels et sportifs de prestige intègrent des réseaux multiples et font l'objet de stratégies partenariales. L'enjeu que constitue l'image négative de la Seine-Saint-Denis oriente les politiques culturelles qui se territorialisent. Le discours et les actions marketing qui participent à la "mise en scène" d'une dimension symbolique obéissent aux représentations du territoire et aux perceptions mentales des acteurs urbains.Le déficit de cohésion sociale dont souffre le département confère en outre aux politiques culturelles un rôle dans la réparation de la "fracture" qui caractérise l'hétérogénéité du territoire séquano-dionysien.

Coup d'etat, eine 1973 gegründete Gruppe chilenischer Sozialwissenschaftler/innen, entschied sich 2005 nach vorhergehenden Forschungsarbeiten für eine performative Aktion, um neue Wege des Erinnerns an chilenische Geschichte zu ermöglichen. Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Analyse des Organisierens und Durchführens dieser Aktion, MarchaRearme, mit deren Voraussetzungen und Potenzialen. Es wird dabei gezeigt, dass das zugrunde liegende Verständnis von Performativität essenziell war für die Aktion und die dann folgende Analyse. Hiervon ausgehend werden mögliche Implikationen und Chancen der Konzepts der Performativität für die Forschung und für soziale Interventionen diskutiert, und zwar im Besonderen bezogen auf die Politik und auf das Erinnern der gewaltsamen Vergangenheit der chilenischen Gesellschaft.