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The Pussy Riot protest, and the subsequent heavy handed treatment of the protestors, grabbed the headlines, but this was not an isolated instance of art being noticeably critical of the regime. As this book, based on extensive original research, shows, there has been gradually emerging over recent decades a significant counter-culture in the art world which satirises and ridicules the regime and the values it represents, at the same time putting forward, through art, alternative values. The book traces the development of art and protest in recent decades, discusses how art of this kind engages in political and social protest, and provides many illustrations as examples of art as protest. The book concludes by discussing how important art has been in facilitating new social values and in prompting political protests.

And uncivic values : an introduction / Sabrina P. Ramet -- Polish politics, April 1989-October 2015 / Aleksander Zdravkovski -- Party system and voting behavior in Poland / Michal Slowikowski and Michal Pierzgalski -- European values in Poland : the special case of ethnic and national minorities / Katarzyna Dospial-Borysiak, Agata Wlodarska-Frykowska, and Michal Klonowski -- Polish civic values in a European context / Kristen Ringdal -- Religion in public life / Maciej Potz -- Religiosity, tolerance of homosexuality, and support for gay and lesbian rights in Poland : the present and likely future(s) / Ewa Golebiowska -- National-Catholic impact on anti-semitism in Poland : report of the significant results of empirical research / Ireneusz Krzeminski -- Education : controversies surrounding socialization factors and mechanisms / Renata Siemienska -- History textbooks in Poland since 1989 : a dialogue between the past and the present / Sylwia Bobryk and Thomas Strobel -- Rock music and politics in Poland : lyrics of protest and resistance / Sabrina P. Ramet -- Film and values : Polish cinema of national remembrance / Elzbieta Durys -- Poland's media : learning from the past and fitting a new mold / Jane Leftwich Curry -- Past and present in the struggle for Polish democracy : a postscript / Sabrina P. Ramet.

Frontmatter --Contents --List of Figures --List of Tables --Preface --Chapter 1. Asking the Right Questions --Part I. Predicting the Presidency --Chapter 2. Strategic Position with the Public --Chapter 3. Strategic Position with Congress --Chapter 4. Different Questions, Different Answers --Part II. Exploiting Opportunities --Chapter 5. Reinforcing Opinion --Chapter 6. Exploiting Existing Opinion --Chapter 7. Cross-Pressuring Opinion --Chapter 8. Reaching the Base --Chapter 9. Exploiting Partisans in Congress --Part III. Conclusion --Chapter 10. Leadership, Opportunity, and Strategic Assessments --Notes --Index.

Intro -- Preface: Catalan Identity -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- 1 Catalan Identities: Literature, Social Commitment, and Political Engagement in the 20th Century -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Identity and Nationalism -- 3 Linguistic and Literary Identity -- 4 Social Identity -- 5 Catalan Society -- 6 About the Contents of This Book -- References -- Identity: Law, Philosophy, Literature and Language -- 2 Catalan Identities: Language, Power and Political Pactism from a Historical Perspective -- 1 Introduction: History and Institutional Identities -- 2 Mediaeval Legal Pactism, Late Legal Pactism, and Political Pactism -- 3 Late Legal Pactism -- 4 Political Pactism -- 5 Literature and the Use of Language -- 6 Catalan Literature and Reverse Nationalism -- References -- 3 Catalan Identity Projected Abroad: The Example of the Journal Cataluña -- 1 The Journal Cataluña -- 2 Cels Gomis: The Editor -- 3 Cels Gomis: The Author -- 4 "The Journal Will Not Be Political" -- 5 Contact with Contributors -- 6 The End of the Adventure and the Beginning of Other Initiatives -- References -- 4 Essay and Philosophy in Catalan Culture from 1940 to 1960 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Deficiency in the Essay -- 3 The Voices of the Essay -- 4 Aspects of the Essay -- 5 Discussions About the Essay -- 6 Epilogue -- References -- 5 Language Policies in Contemporary Catalonia: A History of Linguistic and Political Ideas -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Language and Modernity: From Diglossia to the Impetus of a National Language -- 3 The Life of the Language During the Franco Regime -- 3.1 Exile -- 3.2 The Border: Peace, Language, Hope -- 3.3 On Sacred Ground -- 3.4 A Fracture -- 4 The Transition Towards Linguistic Diversity in a Context of Political and Demographic Change -- 4.1 New Identities, New Language Policies -- 4.2 Languages During the Spanish Transition.

PurposeThis study estimates the effects of political uncertainty and economic policy uncertainty on business confidence. Moreover, it also examines business confidence as a transmission channel of political uncertainty and economic policy uncertainty to investment.Design/methodology/approachThe study addresses the Brazilian case from May 2004 to December 2017. Brazil experienced situations of political instability and public distrust in government and its policies, which reflected on the economic environment. The study uses two business confidence indicators that capture entrepreneurs' sentiment in relation to their business and the economy. All models are estimated using ordinary least squares and generalized method of moments.FindingsThe estimates reveal that increases in both political uncertainty and economic policy uncertainty reduce business confidence. The findings also indicate that business confidence acts as a transmission mechanism, i.e. uncertainties affect investments through business confidence.Practical implicationsThe findings point to the following practical implications related to the existence of uncertainties in the Brazilian economy: different institutional difficulties and government indecisions have blurred the political scene and caused political uncertainties. In addition, the same aspects that blurred the political scene also caused uncertainties in relation to economic policy that undermined business confidence, and affected investment.Originality/valueThere is a vast literature on business confidence, as well as studies addressing the relationship between business confidence and investment. This study differs from other studies as follows: in addition to the political uncertainty, it also analyzes the effect of economic policy uncertainty on business confidence; it uses different measures to capture political instability, and it analyzes whether business confidence acts as a transmission channel of both uncertainties to investments.

PurposeThrough a comprehensive literature review and data analysis, the purpose of this paper is to adopt a multi‐perspective interrelation of different dimensions of existing theory to eventually bridge the fields of political and business marketing, identify the underlying causes of voter behaviour, and distil the critical factors of small political parties' (SPPs') strategic marketing communications (MCs) success. The research finally develops a preliminary conceptual strategic MCs model for SPPs that fits the context of developed countries and concentrates on the strategic aspects of MCs.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is largely conceptual and is based on an extensive literature review and secondary data; strengthened through additional and focused quantitative and qualitative data.FindingsThe findings indicate an increasing association between business and political marketing, an environmental context that stimulates and nurtures a symbiotic relationship between parties and voters, an enhanced role of "perception management", and substantial divergence of SPP reality from classical theory.Research limitations/implicationsFurther and focused primary research is required towards model testing.Practical implicationsA scientific basis is provided for practical strategic implementation of MCs by SPPs.Originality/valueThe research value stems from its focus on SPPs, its contribution to the generic discussion on business marketing theory applicability to politics; its reinforcement of existing research on the subject through further data and analyses; and additionally to existing researches' focus, its concentration on the strategic aspects of the subject and its contribution to literature of an analogous strategic political marketing model.

At the end of the twentieth century, the transition from non-democratic regimes has been the most important political event in the Western Balkans. The fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 paved the way to the sudden collapse and breakdown of the communist regimes in Eastern Europe and in the Western Balkans, albeit some of them did already show a growing decline. Despite the variation in terms of institutional framework and electoral systems, the Western Balkan countries do present difference in some aspects of the political system but not for all the variables considered. The different scenarios that involved the Western Balkan countries during the armed conflicts have generated often negative outcomes in terms of democratic performances, or better have exacerbated persistent resistances to the democratic strengthening from the political actors. The factors beyond these different patterns can be indicated in three main areas: (1) the type of democratic transition and the role of the different actors in the process, (2) the influence of the political parties and their genetic features and (3) finally, considering the context, the impact of the war in the country

To investigate one equity aspect regarding mathematics learning in "a school for all" we have investigated how teachers comment on their arrangements for Swedish second language learners (SLL) to succeed on the National Test in mathematics in grade 5 (students are 11–12 years old). With data from a teacher survey and competency profiles for students in grade 5 we have performed a thematic analysis. The findings indicate that there were schools where the teachers worked in line with the instructions of the test and, therefore, adapted the administration of the test to enable SSL students better opportunities to display knowing in mathematics. This is coherent with a view expressed in policy documents. There were also schools where the teachers did not write about how to adapt the test administration but rather justified the exclusion of SLL students from the test or explained SSL students' poor results due to language issues. In these schools the SSL students were not invited to display mathematics. We discuss these findings from an institutional perspective.

Tobacco companies are increasingly turning to trade and investment agreements to challenge measures aimed at reducing tobacco use. This study examines their efforts to influence the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), a major trade and investment agreement which may eventually cover 40% of the world's population; focusing on how these efforts might enhance the industry's power to challenge the introduction of plain packaging. Specifically, the paper discusses the implications for public health regulation of Philip Morris International's interest in using the TPP to: shape the bureaucratic structures and decision-making processes of business regulation at the national level; introduce a higher standard of protection for trademarks than is currently provided under the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights; and expand the coverage of Investor-State Dispute Settlement which empowers corporations to litigate directly against governments where they are deemed to be in breach of investment agreements. The large number of countries involved in the TPP underlines its risk to the development of tobacco regulation globally.

This thesis mainly presents in a "broad sense", the impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement in each of the member states. As I recapitulated the stages of the Free Trade Agreement in 1988, between the United States and Canada and later on, the inclusion of Mexico in 1994. Apart of the consequences of the NAFTA. I will also emphasize some of the results of the neoliberal political economy and the structural adjustment that has taken place since the late 1980's in each member state. It is also important to observe the phenomenon of NAFTA as a consequence of the end of the cold war era, as I will discuss in the first chapter. NAFTA seems to be a reaction of the new regional blocs in order to compete in the international market, and at the same time to count with its "own protection path" against this international competition, in which the biggest and strongest market economies are the winners. As I will mentioned in chapter 3. It is time to rethink the Free trade, where is it leading? who are the real winners? what can we do to have a fair trade? what is the mechanism to protect our own markets? and what happens to the welfare states? The analysis in this paper will be based on the specific data from different studies groups of each member state. The impact of NAFTA in labor, agriculture, and the development of the trade since it started until now. One of the most important aspects of this thesis is to called attention to the international community as observers and why not, as an activist, and to present the outcome of this neoliberal economy, and the unfair Free trade. As a political scientist, I have the responsibility to warn those countries that "think" that the key to their development is a Free trade and a neoliberal economy. In this case, is not so, we have to be careful and react against to some of the accords of the treaty, if we want to have a fairly trade. ; INDEX CHAPTER 1 PAGES Introduction 1.1. Theories and Concepts 1 1.2. Antecedents: The case of NAFTA 8 1.3. Research Method 10 1.4. Research Analysis 11 CHAPTER 2 The North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA 2.1. General Issues in International Trade 14 2.2. Economy Wide Impacts of Trade Liberalization 17 2.3. General Trade Provisions 18 2.4. Agriculture Background 19 2.5. Agriculture Sector Impacts 20 2.6 NAFTA and Labor Rights 21 CHAPTER 3 The Debate over NAFTA 3. 1. a. The USA pro- NAFTA Speech 23 3. 1. b. The USA and its Economic Future 26 3. 1. c. The USA and Regional Blocs 27 3. 2. The Canadian Case: A North American Community? 28 3. 3. a. The Mexican case and NAFTA 33 3. 3. b. The different aspects between the USA and the Mexican Market 35 SECOND PART CHAPTER 3 NAFTA's Results 3-b. 1. The Impact of NAFTA in the United States 38 3-b. 2. Mexico and the Peso Crisis 41 3-b. 3.1. The Case of Canada 43 3-b. 3. 2. Canada and NAFTA's Role 44 CHAPTER 4 The Actual Debate Over NAFTA 4. 1. Notes on NAFTA: The Masters of Mankind 47 4. 2. a. Canada: A False Promise 51 4. 2. b. The Canadian Labor Market during the Free Trade 52 4.3. The Impact of NAFTA on Income and wages in Mexico 55 4.4. NAFTA, globalization and the U.S. Economy 58 4.5 The Washington Consensus 60 4.6 Sustainable Economic growth and institutional reform 62 4.7. The IMF and the Globalize World 63 4.8. Structural Adjustment in Mexico 65 CONCLUDING COMMENTS 72 CONCLUSION 74 BIBLIOGRAPHY 78

Social movements in civil wars : an introduction / Donatella della Porta -- Causal mechanisms in civil wars : a sensitizing map / Donatella della Porta -- Beyond Syria : civil society in failed episodes of democratization / Teije Hidde Donker -- The failure of Libyan political transition and the descent into civil war / Emin Poljarevic -- Yemen's failed transition : from peaceful protests to war of "all against all" / Bogumila Hall -- Yugoslavia : from social movement to state movement to civil war / Daniel Ritter -- Social movements, democratization, and civil wars : some conclusions / Donatella della Porta.

This paper examines how the notion of community is embedded in Locke's writing on visual art and is an important aspect of Locke's political and educational thought in the context of his practice of adult and higher education.