Suchergebnisse

This study seeks to analyze the transformation of the political Islam movement carried out by the PKS (Prosperous Justice Party) and Justice and Development Party AKP (Adalet ve Kalkinma Partition), Turkey, by tracing the general pattern of similar strategies adopted by them, including differences that arise in both parties. PKS and AKP are major Islamic parties in the world that have so far successfully fought in electoral competitions. How to make use of their mass base and Islamic sentiment in liberal parliamentary struggle is a tactical step that characterizes the political Islam movement. Comparison will be made to find the common thread concerning Islamic-style populism with the electoral strategy they use. Political Islam can ultimately be understood not only from the categories of morality, ethics, or religion, but also on the objective category based on political realism.The authors believe that this theme is important and interesting after examining the development of identity political movements that have occurred not only in Indonesia but also in several other countries in the world in the last 10 years. Analysis of the AKP and PKS must, however, be understood in two aspects, namely, first, a cross-over between liberal democracy and Islamic activism, and secondly, the tendency to change the political strategy of the Islamic party. The interplay between the interests of electoral achievement and the ideological vision is a big and dynamic dilemma.Of the various methods available, the research team in this study used qualitative research methods. Data is obtained through a literature review or study of relevant literature such as books, journals, news websites, or thesis or dissertation works. The author's temporary hypothesis is that first, PKS and AKP have political linkage in three things, first, the political vision of Islam which is heavily influenced by the Muslim Brotherhood movement, second, the construction of civil networks and organizations, and the three, electoral strategies and compromise on liberal democracy. PKS and AKP are in turn conditioned by a number of compromises and political pragmatism. Both are forced to adapt substantially in terms of changes in party models to be more open and plural. Thus, there is a convergence between political Islam and the flow of liberal democracy based on the typical political situation in Indonesia and Turkey. The differences that arise are the political Islam platform of AKP is significantly influenced by the trajectory of Islamic tradition which has long been rooted in the sociological pattern of its society and the economic platform of neoliberalism that has been adopted and applied aggressively by the AKP since its reign in Turkey.

Public support has long been thought crucial for the vitality and survival of democracy. Existing research has argued that democracy also creates its own demand: through early-years socialization and later-life learning, the presence of a democratic system coupled with the passage of time produces widespread public support for democracy. Using new panel measures of democratic mood varying over 135 countries and up to 30 years, this article finds little evidence for such a positive feedback effect of democracy on support. Instead, it demonstrates a negative thermostatic effect: increases in democracy depress democratic mood, while decreases cheer it. Moreover, it is increases in the liberal, counter-majoritarian aspects of democracy, not the majoritarian, electoral aspects that provoke this backlash from citizens. These novel results challenge existing research on support for democracy, but also reconcile this research with the literature on macro-opinion.

Over the last decade the scholarship on judicial politics has increasingly emphasized the strategic aspects of decision making in the United States Supreme Court. This scholarship, however, has struggled with two significant limitations—the restriction to unidimensional policy spaces and the assumption of binary comparisons of alternatives. These two assumptions have the advantage of implying stable, predictable outcomes, but lack a sound theoretical foundation and assume away potentially important aspects of strategic behavior on the Court. In this article, we identify institutional features of the Court that, under certain conditions, allow us to relax these two assumptions without sacrificing stable, predictable policy outcomes. In particular, we formalize the "part-by-part" opinion voting used by the justices, a feature that, together with separable preferences over policy issues, implies stable policy outcomes around the issue-by-issue median of the justices.

"Is violent conflict inevitable? What is it in our social nature that makes us conduct wars, genocides and persecutions? The answer lies in how we are programmed to bond and form communities that demand loyalty in order to let us belong. The analysis in this book cuts through the social sciences in order to show the fundamentals of violent conflict. The book investigates conflict at the level of sociality. It reorganises existing theories of conflict under that perspective and brings them to bear upon the link between violence and togetherness. It introduces the key concept of closure to describe the conditions under which human groups start to perceive their position as similar and their reality as polarised. This is how normality starts breaking down and fault lines appear. Violent conflict is then analysed as a reaction that seeks change more rapidly than conditions seem to allow. Global comparative data from numerous studies - including M. Mousseau's works - are used to disentangle the factors that contribute to "democratic peace", that is, the fact that democratic societies do not go to war with each other. This inquiry reveals the new dimension of sociodiversity, which allows societies where individuality is strong to constantly produce alternatives and avoid closure. The book concludes with a coda on peace and sociodiversity which explains how contemporary societies can ensure durable peace and adequate social justice at the same time. Written in a clear and direct style, this volume will appeal to students, researchers and scholars with an interest in political sociology, anthropology, international relations, war studies, as well as conflict and peace studies"--

Abstract. This paper seeks to reconstruct and revitalize the famous Hirschman framework by providing a comprehensive review of the current use of 'exit, voice and loyalty'. We begin by critically examining Hirchman's original account, and then look at the way his argument has been extended in different fields both conceptually and empirically. We suggest that while advances have been made, the results so far are somewhat disappointing given the perceptiveness of the original insight. We believe this is because his apparently simple schema is more complex than it first appears, and different aspects of exit, of voice, and of empirical foundations of loyalty need to be analytically distinguished in order to produce testable empirical hypotheses about their relationships.

AbstractDemocratic politics does not meet the expectations of citizens who have gradually become more critical towards representative politics and the political elite that represent them. From these well-known considerations and social evaluation spread among the citizenry, this paper focuses on political representation and the concept of citizenship in the age of the Internet. After discussing the positive and negative aspects of digital disintermediation (and henceneo-intermediation), this study concentrates on the potentialities of the role of the Internet, with its ambiguities, and monitoring of citizens' engagement as a possible safety-net for representative democracies in crisis worldwide.

This book is part of a series of titles that are a spin-off of the Shingo Prize-winning book Leveraging Lean in Healthcare: Transforming Your Enterprise into a High Quality Patient Care Delivery System. Each book in the series focuses on a specific aspect of healthcare that has demonstrated significant process and quality improvements after a Lean implementation. There are many departments within a hospital that support the primary function of caregiving and each can benefit from implementing Lean methodologies. Leveraging Lean in Ancillary Hospital Services: Creating a Cost Effective, Standard.

The Cold War was a turbulent time to grow up in: family ties were tested, friendships were torn apart, and new beliefs forged out of the ruins of old loyalties. In this book, through 12 evocative stories of childhood and early adulthood in Australia during the Cold War years, writers from vastly different backgrounds explore how global political events affected the intimate space of home, family life, and friendships. Some writers were barely in their teens when they felt the first touches of their parents' political lives, both on the Left and the Right. Others grew up in households well attu

Responsible government, as Professor Hodgetts has demonstrated convincingly in his Pioneer Public Service, means more than that the political life of the executive depends on the support of a majority of the members of the elected legislature. Behind the executive, government departments must be so organized that the ministers can exercise a control for which they can be held responsible. The issuance of public money to pay for departmental activities must be under a central authority, and so must a thorough audit of expenditures. The public accounts must be intelligible to the laymen who sit in Parliament, and a system of estimating in advance the needs of government for each ensuing year is indispensable. "Each of these aspects of internal financial control," in Professor Hodgetts' words, "… had to be satisfactorily developed if Parliament was to become the watchdog of the executive." They were satisfactorily developed between 1840 and Confederation, some of them as late as the middle sixties.Partly because several of the political and administrative practices involved were still in their infancy, and partly because Confederation meant the destruction of old lines of authority and the creation of new ones, a severe strain was put on several essential elements in responsible government in 1867. The administrative side of the story, as it concerned governmental financial control, has already been told by Herbert Balls, but the legislative side has hitherto been neglected. The legislative story, not only in its financial aspect but also in the wider context of the whole parliamentary scene, is worth recounting.

MOST RECENT ATTEMPTS AT REDEFINING POLITICAL PARTIES SITUATE THEMSELVES OUTSIDE THE MAINSTREAM OF POLITICAL THEORY & DO NOT DEAL SUFFICIENTLY WITH THE PROBLEMATICAL ASPECTS OF POWER & OF GOVERNMENT. TO DEVELOP A TRUE POLITICAL SCIENCE OF PARTIES ONE HAS TO BE ABLE TO RESPOND TO 3 QUESTIONS: WHO GOVERNS IN THE PARTIES? DO THE PARTIES REALLY GOVERN? HOW DO THE GOVERNMENTAL OR NONGOVERNMENTAL ACTIONS OF PARTIES AFFECT THE SOCIETY & THE SUPPORT THAT THEY OBTAIN THERE? FROM THESE 3 QUESTIONS EMERGE THE NOTIONS OF THE LEADERSHIP POWER (OR INTERNAL POWER), GOVERNMENTAL POWER, & SOCIETAL POWER (ELECTORAL OR NONELECTORAL) OF POLITICAL PARTIES. GOVERNMENT IS DEFINED ACCORDING TO A CYBERNETIC MODEL, & POWER IS LOGICALLY DEFINED. THE NOTIONS OF LEADERSHIP POWER, GOVERNMENTAL POWER, & SOCIETAL POWER ARE SUCCESSIVELY ANALYZED FOR THE PURPOSE OF MAKING THEM OPERATIONAL. A NUMBER OF PROPOSITIONS, HITHERTO SEEMINGLY UNRELATED, ARE DRAWN TOGETHER TO OUTLINE A POLITICAL THEORY OF PARTIES. 2 FIGURES, 1 TABLE. HA.

Whether in China or the diaspora, families are the cornerstone of Chinese society. This handbook surveys the economic, political, ethnic and cultural aspects of Chinese families as a social institution, as well as the implications of the one-child policy.

Covers development economics and development studies. This book discusses theoretical, ethical and practical issues relating to economic, social, cultural, institutional, political and human aspects of development in poor countries. It also includes a selection of intellectual biographies of leading development thinkers

"The Handbook of International Psychology Ethics discusses the most central, guiding principles of practice for mental health professionals around the world. For researchers, practicing mental health professionals, and students alike, the book provides a window into the values and belief systems of cultures worldwide. Chapters cover ethics codes from psychological associations and societies on five continents, translating each code into English and discussing vital questions around how the code is put into practice, what it means to association members and society at large, as well as how the code was developed within its unique historical, political, and cultural context"--

Though much has been written about the negative impacts of economic development on natural ecosystems and civil societies, few viable alternatives to the prevailing economic paradigms have been suggested. John Ikerd moves the debate forward. Ikerd outlines the basic principles and concepts essential to economic sustainability. Some of these concepts are capitalist, some are socialist, and others are general principles validated by philosophy or common sense. Putting them together, he proposes something fundamentally different: instead of apocalyptic pronouncements, he offers possibilities. Readers of any political or ideological persuasion will find his brief book engaging, informative, optimistic, and refreshing.

1. Corporate finance and US foreign policy / Ronald W. Cox -- 2. Transnational capital and the US-China nexus / Ronald W. Cox and Sylvan Lee -- 3. The foreign policy of organized labor in the context of globalization / Ronald W. Cox and G. Nelson Bass -- 4. The corporate centrism of the Obama administration / Daniel Skidmore-Hess -- 5. The military-industrial complex in a globalized context / David N. Gibbs -- 6. Financialization, corporate power, and South African subimperialism / Patrick Bond -- 7. The political economy of low-intensity democracy : Columbia, Honduras, and Venezuela / William Aviles -- 8. Class power, neoliberalism, and the G20 summits / Susanne Soederberg.