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The author argues that as more women run for public office, there is an increasing need for research examining how gender affects the dynamics of political campaigns. In the essay, decision making research is used to address how women staff their campaigns, delegate responsibility, & make choices once elected. In addition, an examination of the media reflects a gender bias in the way women's campaigns are reported on. Finally, the author addresses fund raising and voter recruitment issues relevant to women candidates. L. Conly

"Do Campaigns Make a Difference?" published on by Oxford University Press.

Examines features of "The new campaign politics" to determine to what extent they are characteristic of electoral campaigns in Greece, Italy, Portugal, & Spain. The old campaign politics are defined by looking at changes in the actors, arenas, issues, & resources that occurred with the emergence of democracies in Greece, Portugal, & Spain, & the evolution of campaign politics in Italy's continuous democracy. Exploration of the new campaign politics focuses on the unique institutional frameworks & structures of opportunities available to political actors, as well as the impact on electoral campaigns of nonpolitical networks, professional organizations, informal groups, & well-known political outsiders, such as the TV mogul who entered politics when old parties were collapsing & was elected prime minister in spite of his lack of government experience. It is concluded that the new campaign politics in southern Europe stems from the joint impact of pervasive TV communication that has personalized politics, & the relative weakness of party organizations. In addition, the transition to consolidated democracies has almost eliminated class differences. 4 Tables. J. Lindroth

"This chapter reviews research on strategic political communication in election campaigns, which still is a rather fragmented field despite its Jong tradition. To structure this area of study, the authors propose a descriptive model integrating different types of actors, modes, goals and arenas of political campaigning and campaign communication. They describe and explain long-term changes in campaign practices and communication patterns and critically reflect on the Americanization- and modernization-thesis as the two most prominent theoretical explanations for those changes. In addition, key trends in contemporary campaign communication as well as deficits of current campaign studies are discussed. To remedy those deficiencies the authors call for more longitudinal and comparative research as well as a comprehensive theoretical framework to guide future research." (publisher's description)