Suchergebnisse

ITALIANO: Il saggio presenta alcune considerazioni conclusive sulla sezione monografica dedicata a "Istituzioni, relazioni e culture politiche nelle città tra stato della Chiesa e regno di Napoli (1350-1500 ca.)". I tre autori, adottando un approccio comparativo, riflettono sulla definizione degli spazi nelle due aree confinanti, sulla condizione delle città pontificie e sulle culture politiche e le specificità dei centri urbani considerati nella raccolta. / ENGLISH: This essay presents some remarks about the monographic section "Institutions, relationships, and political cultures in the cities along the border between the Papal States and the Kingdom of Naples (c. 1350-1500)". Through adopting a comparative approach, the three authors reflect on the spatial definition between the two border areas, also discussing the role of the pontifical towns, the emerging local political cultures, as well as the specific features of the various urban centres examined in this anthology.

ITALIANO: Il saggio introduce la sezione monografica su "Istituzioni, relazioni e culture politiche nelle città tra stato della Chiesa e regno di Napoli (1350-1500 ca.)". Dopo aver messo a fuoco due persistenti chiavi di lettura della storia politica urbana del tardo medioevo italiano – quella dualistica e quella plurale basata sugli stati regionali – si presentano alcuni spunti di riflessione a partire dalle acquisizioni storiografiche degli ultimi due decenni. Si illustrano poi le nuove prospettive entro le quali si intende verificare, attraverso i saggi raccolti, l'esistenza di un'area di cultura politica urbana intorno ai confini fra stato della Chiesa e regno di Napoli, e il questionario entro il quale si sono mossi gli autori dei singoli saggi. / ENGLISH: The essay introduces the collection of papers Institutions, relationships, and political cultures in the cities along the border between the Papal States and the Kingdom of Naples (c. 1350-1500). After discussing two persistent points of view on the urban political history of late medieval Italy – the North-South dualism and the pluralistic understanding of the regional states– this essay highlights some points for reflection which arise from recent studies. It then suggestsnew perspectives to verify, through the following contributions, the existence of an area of urban political culture at the borders between the Papal States and the Kingdom of Naples. Lastly, it presents the specific issues that guided the authors' work.

The behaviours of the scribes who (in a dynamic relationship of collaboration and autonomy) worked for the bishops of transjurane Burgundy are placed in correlation with the transformation of documentary cultures and institutional frameworks between the end of the Carolingian order and the age of territorial principalities. The construction of episcopal special documents depended on a bricolage of textual and graphic elements originating from both the royal model of "public" document and "private" documentary types and is here analysed in reference to the evolution of the bishops' political and institutional role. ; I comportamenti degli scribi che operarono, in un rapporto dinamico di collaborazione e autonomia, per i vescovi della Borgogna transgiurana sono messi in relazione con le trasformazioni di culture documentarie, quadri istituzionali e forme della società dalla dissoluzione dell'ordine carolingio al ricompattamento entro i principati territoriali. La costruzione di atti vescovili speciali previde un bricolage di elementi formulari e grafici provenienti tanto dal documento pubblico regio quanto da modelli arcaici o alloctoni di documento "privato" ed è qui studiata con riferimento alle esigenze di spendibilità della documentazione degli episcopi in termini sia giuridici sia politici.

The history of the conceptualization & application of the notions of culture, political/civic culture, & social capital in politology, & comparative political science in particular, is traced, discussing: (1) treatments of the relationship between civic culture & democracy in classical works of sociology & political science (eg, Montesquieu, Guizot, Herder, or Tocqueville), (2) the pioneering study in Gabriel A. Almond & Sidney Verba's Civic Culture (Princeton: Princeton U Press, 1963), (3) neglect of the notion of civic culture in the 1970s & 1980s, (4) civic culture as a dependent & independent variable, (5) J. Coleman's (1988) definition of social capital, (6) Robert D. Putnam's definition of social capital & its use in La tradizione civica nelle regioni italiane ([The Civic Tradition in Italian Regions] Milan: Mondadori, 1993) & Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), (7) the effectiveness of the concept of social capital as a descriptive-explanatory tool in comparative political science, & (8) the continued controversy & debate on this notion in contemporary politology. References. Z. Dubiel

The breakdown of non-democratic regimes unveils a paradox: they stabilize quickly once some internal control over the oppositions is established, and the access to the political power is denied, but they eventually have to face disruptive crises. Why? Non-democratic regimes are identified through a conceptual sketch of the democracy as opposite regime, and three approaches to the study of political stability are identified; The political culture approach addressed to the investigation of the beliefs and sources of legitimacy of a given regime; The socio-centered approach drew attention to the distribution of the social and economic resources; Finally, the institutional approach focused on the institutional and organizational control of the social and political mobilization. The political culture and the socio-centered approaches point out the "social factors", while the "institutional" approach focuses on "regime factors" which may stabilize a non-democracy. A hypothetical model is developed and applied to the recent cases of authoritarian breakdown in Tunisia, Libya and Egypt, and it is argued that although "social factors" do have a role in political crises, "regime factors" are the key variables explaining the durability of non-democratic regimes and their capacity to delay the breakdown. Adapted from the source document.