Suchergebnisse

Modern political transformations involve free choice of ideology, ability to communicate with society and maintenance of their political preferences. Political struggle often leads to radical action and political extremism. The aim of this study involved an analysis of political extremism that occurs in modern democracies, and identification of the main factors underlying the development of political extremism. The determinants of the political stability/extremism are analysed based on the algorithm of hierarchical clustering. It is proved that 26 European countries studied in the work can be grouped into four clusters, which are characterised by the number of parties of extremist ideology in the national parliaments of European countries; Elite Quality Index (EQx); the Freedom in the World Index; Political Stability and Absence of Violence Index, which is part of The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI). It is revealed that today ideological trends of authoritarian populism, conservatism and extremism are spreading in European countries. Cluster analysis has shown that the political extremism is influenced by the level of quality of national elites, the development of fundamental rights and freedoms, the political stability, and the absence of violence. Further research should focus on econometric simulation of factors shaping political extremism through economic development indicators.

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the role the Rio Group has played in Latin America as a coordinating mechanism for political consensus in the region over the past two decades, despite questions regarding its credibility & the unfavorable international scenario in which it functions today. In her article, the author studies the development of the Rio Group from its creation to the present day, emphasizing issues that continue to be important & are compulsory, as well as those which have changed over the years, such as the manner in which the Group approaches the theme of political stability within the consensus agenda. Adapted from the source document.

Esta investigación plantea que la estabilidad precede a cualquier otra característica del diseño institucional al momento de evaluar los resultados económicos de los países. Trasladando esta propuesta teórica general al campo de las políticas judiciales en este artículo proponemos que a) la estabilidad judicial es un determinante del crecimiento económico y que b) dicho crecimiento económico se verifica de forma autónoma a los desempeños de la independencia judicial. Luego de observar empíricamente el impacto de ambas variables sobre el crecimiento económico en dieciséis países latinoamericanos durante el siglo XX, los resultados revelan que hay suficientes indicios tanto para sustentar la hipótesis propuesta como para profundizar en el estudio de las diferencias entre estabilidad e independencia judicial.

Examines the June 1997 elections in Algeria, and their effects on terrorism, political stability, and the military regime. Summary in English p. 233.

Due to the relevance that human rights issues have gained all around the world, countries that have embraced a democratic form of government must face the consequences of abuses committed by previous regimes. In Mexico, Vicente Fox's promises as presidential candidate & the ensuing official rhetoric made people believe that the new government would confront crimes perpetrated during the Partido Revolucionario Institucional times through a quest for truth, justice, & public apology. At the end, Fox administration's outcomes were disappointing, ambiguous, & uneven. Moreover, the Fox administration granted a de facto amnesty to old regime's opportunistics in exchange for political stability & support required to reinforce certain reforms. This story of capitulation may explain why Mexico remains a paradise of impunity. Adapted from the source document.

Examines concentration of power in the presidency in order to achieve economic and political stability and the resulting lack of respect for politics and for the legislative and judicial branches of government; Argentina, Peru, and Brazil.

O'Donnell's long government (1858-1863) supposed the most extend essay of conciliation politic sponsored by union liberal. To rise the political stability and coming to arliamentary practice was necessary the party system renovation, until then characterized by a politic dualism between progresistas and moderados, both of them absorbed in a fragmentation and dissolution intense process. Union liberal wasn't able to formulate a common and coherent discourse, including different proposes about his party condition and what politic project should be pursuit, making difficult the reformist strategy and causing dissensions in own files at a long time. The union liberal formulation as a new party inside party system and moderados and progresistas resistance to lose their own identity prevented, finally, the exit of the liberal conciliation project. Adapted from the source document.

In this article the author evaluates the achievements of the Group of Three (G-3) in four distinct periods. The first period was characterized by a dynamic of political concertation that sought to reestablish political stability in Central America. Starting in 1990, a second stage of institutionalization was begun. The third period was characterized by thefailure of the G-3 to consolídate itself and the non-signing of previous commercial agreements. In consequence, the fourth stage, corresponding to 2000, has been characterized by efforts to reactívate the organization and to incorpórate policies of political concertation, international cooperation and economic exchange.

Some observers consider that the Zedillo administration was highly committed to democracy, that in its exercise of politics it developed a program clearly designed to create the conditions needed for alternation. In fact, it was characterized by a surprising lack of political experience that restrained the presidency as an institution, & it only reacted to the problems that it had to face. Zedillo deliberately cancelled the political faculties of the presidency to show formal respect for the Constitution. At the end, his reluctance to act led to the emergence of multiple actors & interests that threatened political stability. The political/party alternation that was achieved in the 2000 election was more the result of the advancement of pluralism, which had begun at least 10 years previous, than of his presidential activity. 3 Tables. Adapted from the source document.

Starting from the middle of the 16-th century, during the foreign policy expansion increase, the ethno-confessional diversity of the Russian state was steadily increasing. The imperial policy aimed at assimilating non-Russian peoples sharply raised the issue of their identity preservation. For domestic Muslims, an important factor in cultural and confessional identity provision was the preservation and development of their traditional ties with the Islamic world. Various political, economic, cultural, and other contacts maintained with the countries of the Muslim East have become the basis for the stability of the Muslim community in Russia under imperial pressure. In this system, a special role was originally played by the Hajj (Muslim pilgrimage to the holy places in the Hejaz), which the official administration had to reckon with. The aim of the proposed study is to identify socio-political aspects, socio-political conditions, and the specifics of the Hajj implementation in the 19th century. After the analysis of office documentation, travel notes of Muslim pilgrims, and expert assessments of orientalists, the authors concluded that, despite the increasing opposition from the authorities, the significance of the Hajj intensifies in the 19th century. Hajj became not only the factor of opposition to imperial acculturation, but also a channel for presentation the ideas of renewal.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main vectors of technical-military cooperation of the Republic of Uzbekistan within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in the Central Asia region. The SCO is widely believed to have been part of the Asian version of the North Atlantic Bloc and represents an organization with many areas of activity, where the technical-military cooperation of member countries plays an important role. The main objectives of the organization are to promote peace and stability in one more context, book the development of terrorism, separatism, extremism and drug trafficking, economic cooperation and energy partnership, cooperation and scientific. In made or use of the method anzé of systemic. It is concluded that cooperation in the technical-military field will provide the opportunity for the race to have a greater influence on global political and economic situations, without being abstracted solely from the tasks of the SCO, such as the mutual union of forces of major international organizations. The organization referred to will be in the resolution of various problems, both regionally and globally, to the extent that the tales objectives are consolidated and achieved.