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Horserace political analysis is the practice of scrutinising political situation, players and institutions based on their perceived popularity, polling data, public perception and opinion instead of their policy and workable agenda. It is more of a propaganda and biased analysis than an informed, objective and balanced undertaking. It is born of propaganda political analyses which are analyses lacking objectivity and balance as they favour one political side and defame the opponents in explicit terms. The political propaganda analysed in this paper are from NASA and Jubilee political parties in Kenya and could be considered as both professional and gutter media depending on the perspective of the viewer and listener. The assumption of the researchers is that these political propagandists were paid as spin doctors to produce political stunts that favoured identifiable political factions. The theoretical framework was constituted of three media theories; the political economy of media, the agenda setting theory of media and the propaganda theory. The data for this paper was obtained from political propaganda video clips from YouTube which by nature of their perspective were considered radically pro-Jubilee and Pro-NASA. The findings show that during the 2017 general elections in Kenya, through political propagandists, both NASA and Jubilee political sides produced considerable propaganda which was ethnically energized. Key Words: Ethnopolitics, horserace political analyses, propaganda political analyses

A review essay on books by (1) John H. Barton, Judith L Goldstein, Timothy E Josling, & Richard H Steinberg, The Evolution of the Trade Regime: Politics, Law and Economics of the GATT and the WTO (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008); (2) Henrik Horn & Petros Mavroidis [eds], The American Law Institute Reporters' Studies on WTO Case Law (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007) & (3) Nitya Nanda, Expanding the Frontiers of Global Trade Rules: The Political Economy Dynamics of the International Trading System (London: Routledge, 2008); (4) Razeen Sally Trade Policy, New Century: The WTO, FTAs and Asia Rising (London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 2008) & (5) Yashuhei Taniguchi, Alan Yanovich, & Jan Bohanes (eds), The WTO in the Twenty-First Century: Dispute Settlement, Negotiations and Regionalism in Asia (Geneva: World Trade Organization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007).

This paper critiques ethnopolitical journalism in televised political analyses of the 2017 electoral process in Kenya. Ethnopolitical journalism is a reporting model characterised by a focus on ethnicity when analysing and describing political situations; leading to ethnic identity formation in the society that places mass media at economic vantage point. Motivated by mediatized ethnicity, Kenyans find themselves perpetually under normalised ethnopolitics and ethnopolitical journalism is a major strategy in the mainstream media. Fourteen televised political analysis shows; from major television channels were examined. The analysis targeted prioritised and dominant topics of discussion, the composition of the panels; the most discussed presidential candidates and the moderator's leads toward a particular direction during the analyses. The findings show that in all the televised political analysis shows, all members of the panel are drawn from the five ethnic groups. Moreover, all priority topics target the two supposedly major political sides (NASA and Jubilee); whose principals and deputies come from the five ethnic groups. It was also noted that every discussion from different Television channels are narrowed deliberately by the moderator to discuss about Raila Odinga and Uhuru Kenyatta, thus, ignoring all other presidential candidates, their political parties and areas considered their strongholds. These findings reveal the media's deliberate choices of house styles and reporting models during the electoral periods in Kenya. The study concludes that media has been the high priest of ethnicity normalization culture that has shaped the political mindset of Africa to the extent of undermining its transformative leadership. The findings add to the research critical of media practice and political economy of mass media reporting during electioneering periods. Key Terms: Ethnopolitical Journalism, Ethnopolitics, Horserace Journalism, Mediatized ethnicity, Televised