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"Political Party Organizations" published on by Oxford University Press.

Of the many vital functions that political parties serve in American democracy, selecting candidates for public office is near the top of the list. Giovanni Sartori (1976) cites this purpose as their chief defining element—claiming that, at a minimum, a party is a "political group that presents at elections, and is capable of placing through elections, candidates for public office" (64). Moreover, understanding how parties vet, groom, select, and promote candidates is central to empirically evaluating the strength of political party organizations, the quality of elected policymakers, and ultimately the effectiveness of government. For scholars of American politics, this has led to fruitful lines of research on the processes that the Democratic and Republican Parties use to select their candidates—namely the conventions, primaries, and caucuses that nominate individuals for various federal, state, and local offices. For example, many have investigated the effects of reforms to the presidential nomination process in the early 1970s (Aldrich 1993; Hagen and Mayer 2000; Reiter 1985; Wayne 2000), some arguing that it took power of choosing candidates away from the party organizations and towards other institutions like the press, interest groups, and small ideological factions (Polsby 1983) with potentially negative consequences for governance.

The author focuses on Communist Party-management relations in large and medium-scale Chinese industries since the early 1980s. Analysing these relations in the context of current economic and political reforms, he explores the major problems, the policies that have been pursued to resolve them, how various policies have succeeded and failed and the prospects for the future. (DÜI-Sen)

A political party is defined in terms of coalition building: collective effort directed toward capturing public office and governing once that office is attained. Party organization thus defined includes factional organization as well as the administrative apparatus. This definition assumes a linkage between the electoral party and the party inside the government.

Translated from Voprosy Istorii KPSS, no. 5, 1973.

Warren E. Miller is irretrievably associated with the concept of party identification. The concept was pivotal in his own research & is a recurring theme in the study of voting behavior across the world. Throughout his career Miller stressed that analysts should take great care when defining & measuring the concept. In this paper, evidence from focus groups is used to explore the form of question most likely to enable voters to distinguish between their enduring party identification & their current political preference. The study shows that the traditional party identification question employed in the British Election Study is inadequate for the purpose. In response to Miller's call to improve the validity of the question, an alternative question wording is suggested. 1 Table, 47 References. Adapted from the source document.

Interest groups form an important part of the development of political and social systems. This book goes beyond current literature in examining the survival and 'careers' of such groups beyond their formation. The author introduces the concept of organizational form and develops a framework to describe and evaluate organisations, and uncover how they adapt to survive. Using example case studies from the UK, US and Australia, the book presents extensive historical analyses of specific groups, to better understand the organisation and position of such groups within their political syst.