Part of topic : Ambiance, atmosphere, climate: theory, politics and criticism ; International audience ; This presentation is a philosophical reflection on the elements that form our perception of space. The reflection relates to Gernot Böhme's phenomenological concept of atmosphere, which involves a notion of perception in which presence, and being affected by what is present to us, is central. Perceiving political space is about the implicit ideological elements affecting us and forming how we perceive space; it points to how perception is informed by political ideals embodied in the space in which we are present.
Spatial models are ubiquitous within political science. Whenever we confront spatial models with data, we need valid and reliable ways to measure policy positions in political space. I first review a range of general issues that must be resolved before thinking about how to measure policy positions, including cognitive metrics, a priori and a posteriori scale interpretation, dimensionality, common spaces, and comparability across settings. I then briefly review different types of data we can use to do this and measurement techniques associated with each type, focusing on headline issues with each type of data and pointing to comprehensive surveys of relevant literatures—including expert, elite, and mass surveys; text analysis; and legislative voting behavior.
Spatial models are ubiquitous within political science. Whenever we confront spatial models with data, we need valid and reliable ways to measure policy positions in political space. I first review a range of general issues that must be resolved before thinking about how to measure policy positions, including cognitive metrics, a priori and a posteriori scale interpretation, dimensionality, common spaces, and comparability across settings. I then briefly review different types of data we can use to do this and measurement techniques associated with each type, focusing on headline issues with each type of data and pointing to comprehensive surveys of relevant literatures-including expert, elite, and mass surveys; text analysis; and legislative voting behavior. Adapted from the source document.
Part I. Political sites -- Representing political space at a political site : the imperial diets of the sixteenth century / Henry J. Cohn -- The princely court and political space in early modern Europe / Ronald G. Asch -- Drinking houses and the politics of surveillance in pre-industrial Southampton / James R. Brown -- Politics, clubs and social space in pre-industrial Europe / Peter Clark -- Political spaces and parliamentary enclosure in an upland context : Cumbria c. 1760-1840 / Ian D. Whyte -- Part II. Spatial politics -- Political and geographical space : the geopolitics of medieval England / Christine Carpenter -- Social space and urban conflict : unrest in the German imperial city of Esslingen am Neckar / Alexander Schlaak -- The spatial dynamics of parish politics : topographies of tension in English communities, c. 1350-1640 / Steve Hindle and Beat Kümin -- Petitioning places and the credibility of opinion in the public sphere in seventeenth-century England / David Zaret -- Which Switzerland? : contrasting conceptions of the early modern Swiss confederation in European minds and maps / Andreas Würgler -- Outwitting power : bogus kings and officials in early modern England / Tobias B. Hug -- Part III. Outlook -- Comment from a historical perspective / Bernard Capp -- Spaces in theory, spaces in history and spatial historiographies / Mike Crang
This paper examines the concept of ecological citizenship by looking at two sets of arguments. Those justifying the concept itself, and those criticizing the need to devise a new concept of citizenship and political community in relation to ecological problems. The paper argues for a shift in focus: instead of searching for (or readily dismissing) a new concept of citizenship, we should adopt a different perspective capable of capturing the explanatory potentials of citizenship-related notions - especially citizenship action and political space in which it is constituted - in the context of contemporary global ecological problems.
Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Elusive Spaces -- Part One: Looking for Politics -- 1. Decentring the State -- 2. The Reification of Liberal Community -- 3. Critical Social Movements -- 4. Radical Municipalism -- Part Two: Municipal Progressivism -- 5. Beyond the Metropolis -- 6. Flexible Specialization -- 7. Municipal Socialism and Social Democracy -- 8. Radical Municipalism and Local Socialism -- Part Three: Beyond Sovereignty -- 9. Fiscal Struggles and Municipal Autonomy -- 10. Women in Transition / Kenny, Leslie -- 11. Municipal Foreign Policy -- 12. Social Movements and the Global City -- Conclusion: Toward a Postmodern Politics? -- Notes -- Index
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Nanomaterials have been the object of numerous public and private initiatives aiming to manage their risks and maximise their benefits. Proponents of nanotechnology programmes argue that their potential negative impacts need to be dealt with appropriately, and wish to integrate these concerns early in the industrial development of these substances. Science policy programmes do not provide a clear definition of the term "nanomaterials". Defining nanomaterials, however, has become a central concern. It is called for by manufacturers who wish to sell the "nano" quality of their products as well as by associations who wish to classify products in order to facilitate consumer choice or introduce constraints on production.This is more than an obscure technical and legal issue for specialists. Indeed, science and technology studies has shown that technical classifications perform social order, and that the creation of new entities destabilises the conduct of democratic life. For instance, Sheila Jasanoff demonstrates that the "ontological uncertainty" of biotechnological objects leads to the construction of different political forms in the United States and Europe. Building a legal and technical framework for biotechnology objects allocates public roles, defines expertise objectivity, and identifies public concerns – in short, it shapes political organisations at the same time as it constructs technological definitions.
