El artículo examina diferentes puntos de vista sobre el papel del monarca y el parlamento en la sociedad de finales del siglo XVIII, y se ocupa de los principales problemas políticos de los diferentes gobiernos de Carlos III. Partiendo de los planteamientos de algunos destacados pensadores contemporáneos como Adam Smith, Campomanes, Rousseau o Montesquieu, Alexander Jardine nos ofrece una perspectiva liberal de los problemas y nos aporta algunas posibles soluciones. Éstas se basan principalmente en una mayor representatividad democrática, el fomento de la libre competencia, la abolición de la Inquisición y la concesión de una mayor autonomía política y administrativa. ; This paper analyses different perspectives about the role of the monarch and parliament in the late Eighteenth Century. It also deals with the main political issues of the different governments of Charles III of Spain. Starting from the ideas of some outstanding contemporary thinkers, such as Adam Smith, Campomanes, Rousseau or Montesquieu, Alexander Jardine offers his liberal views and some possible solutions. They mainly include the fostering of free competence, the abolition of the Inquisition and political and administrative autonomy for Spanish colonies and regions.
This paper analyses different perspectives about the role of the monarch and parliament in the late Eighteenth Century. It also deals with the main political issues of the different governments of Charles III of Spain. Starting from the ideas of some outstanding contemporary thinkers, such as Adam Smith, Campomanes, Rousseau or Montesquieu, Alexander Jardine offers his liberal views and some possible solutions. They mainly include the fostering of free competence, the abolition of the Inquisition and political and administrative autonomy for Spanish colonies and regions. ; El artículo examina diferentes puntos de vista sobre el papel del monarca y el parlamento en la sociedad de finales del siglo XVIII, y se ocupa de los principales problemas políticos de los diferentes gobiernos de Carlos III. Partiendo de los planteamientos de algunos destacados pensadores contemporáneos como Adam Smith, Campomanes, Rousseau o Montesquieu, Alexander Jardine nos ofrece una perspectiva liberal de los problemas y nos aporta algunas posibles soluciones. Éstas se basan principalmente en una mayor representatividad democrática, el fomento de la libre competencia, la abolición de la Inquisición y la concesión de una mayor autonomía política y administrativa.
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Local power may be understood either as a government, shaped on the basis of social relationships and institutions, that adjusts to social structures, or as a series of mechanisms and procedures of symbolic mobilization generating the effect that an order is required for daily coexistence. In a territorialized space, both approaches are complemented and shape the areas where local power operated. This article analyzes local power in the Indian towns of San Juan de Catacaos and San Martín de Sechura (in the coast of Piura), in the context of the making up of the government structures that the colonial regime imposed. The author focuses on the figure of the colonial cacique, on the mechanisms he used to have access to power and to legitimate it, on the interests he mobilized according to his obligations with the colonial regime and with the Indians living in his territory (parcialidad), as well as on the spheres of influence of local power both at the reducciones and at the larger arenas of the Corregimiento de Piura and the colonial State. ; El poder local puede ser entendido tanto como un gobierno que se configura a partir de relaciones e instituciones sociales, amoldándose a las estructuras sociales, o como una serie de mecanismos y procedimientos de movilización simbólica que generan un efecto de orden necesario para la convivencia cotidiana. En un espacio territorializado, ambos enfoques se complementan y configuran los ámbitos de funcionamiento del poder local. El artículo analiza el poder local en los pueblos de indios de San Juan de Catacaos y San Martín de Sechura (costa de Piura), en el contexto de la conformación de las estructuras de gobierno impuestas por la colonia. Para ello se centra en la figura del cacique colonial, sus mecanismos de acceso y legitimación del poder, los intereses que movilizan en función de sus obligaciones coloniales y para con los indígenas de sus parcialidades, así como los ámbitos del ejercicio del poder local, tanto en los pueblos-reducción como en los escenarios mayores del corregimiento de Piura y el Estado colonial.
Magistrska naloga obravnava in analizira odnose med županom kot najvišjim političnim funkcionarjem in direktorjem občinske uprave kot najvišjim javnim uslužbencem. V prvem delu sta predstavljeni zgodovina lokalne samouprave v Sloveniji in Ustava Republike Slovenije, ki je najvišji splošni pravni akt in lokalni samoupravi posveča svoje poglavje. Načela, ki vodijo lokalno samoupravo in so pomembna za uspešno delovanje in razvoj lokalne samouprave, so načelo avtonomije, načelo subsidiarnosti in načelo regionalizacije. Slovenske občine se vedno bolj vključujejo v skupne občinske uprave za opravljanje posameznih nalog, saj so občinske uprave v manjših občinah kadrovsko nedohranjene. Prav tako se občine vključujejo v združenja občin, saj lahko na ta način bolje zagotavljajo svoj skupni interes na področju lokalne samouprave. Občine med seboj sodelujejo tudi na podlagi sporazumov o pobratenju, ki ima pozitivne učinke na lokalno samoupravo in lokalno okolje, saj gre za stik z mednarodnimi partnerji, izmenjavo izkušenj in pridobitev različnih novih znanj. V nadaljevanju naloge so predstavljene ravni lokalne samouprave v sosednjih državah Republiki Hrvaški in Republiki Avstriji. V drugem, raziskovalnem delu naloge je prikazana primerjava lokalnih skupnosti v dveh izbranih evropskih državah. Na podlagi intervjujev je bila izvedena primerjava odnosov med oblastjo v lokalni samoupravi in politiko. V intervjujih so sodelovali župani in direktorji občinskih uprav manjših slovenskih, hrvaških in avstrijskih občin. V nalogi so predstavljena tudi mnenja županov in direktorjev občinskih uprav o njihovih odnosih v občinah. ; This research work discusses and analyses the relationship between the mayor, as the highest political official and the director of municipal administration as senior civil servant. The first section presents the history of local government in Slovenia and the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia, which is the highest general legal act and the local government has its own chapter in the Constitution. Principles that lead local government and are important for a successful operation and development of local self-government is the principle of autonomy, the principle of subsidiarity and the principle of regionalization. Slovenian municipalities are increasingly involved in Joint Municipal Administration to perform specific tasks, as the municipal administration in small municipalities are understaffed. In addition, the municipalities integrate themselves in the Association of Municipalities to ensure their common interests better in the field of local self-government. Municipalities cooperate with each other based on agreements of town, which has a positive impact on local government and the local environment, because of the contact with international partners, exchange of experience and the acquisition of various new skills. In the following part of the work levels of local government in the neighbouring countries, the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Austria are presented. The second part of the research work, a comparison of local communities in the two selected European countries, is presented. A comparison was made about relations between the authorities and the local government policy based on interviews. In the interviews, the mayors and directors of municipal administrations of small Slovenian, Croatian and Austrian municipalities participated. The thesis also shows the opinions of mayors and the directors of municipal administrations of their relations in the municipalities.