Suchergebnisse

The primacy of value -- Law theories through the lens of value -- Self-determination v. efficiency, Buck v. Bell -- Human being v. degraded being, Yo Wick v. Hopkins -- Security of free speech v. wartime national security, Abrams v. United States -- Partial personhood v. property, Dred Scott v. Sandford -- Integration as a means of securing personal liberty for all v. segregation as a means of securing white supremacy and limiting personal freedom, Plessy v. Ferguson -- Liberty over paternalism v. judicious state intervention over exploitative liberty, Lochner v. New York -- The value of interdependence v. value of a private and independent economic sphere, Wickard v. Filburn -- The sacred value of privacy in marriage v. traditionalism, Griswold v. Connecticut -- Malicious free speech v. libel of a government official, New York Times Co. v. Sullivan -- The subjective turn of the Fourteenth Amendment vs. separate but equal, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka -- Collective safety net v. individualistic self-defense, District of Columbia v. Heller -- The absolute value of the establishment clause of the First Amendment v. value of spiritual heritage, Engel v. Vitale --The value of privacy in the bedroom vs. the value of social stability, Lawrence v. Texas -- Weaponized words v. fruition of conscience in action, Brandenburg v. Ohio -- Invidious discrimination v. the purity of white supremacy, Loving v. Virginia -- Health v liberty, National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius -- Venerated objects v. Freedom of Speech, Texas v. Johnson -- Functional judiciary v. national security, United States v. Nixon -- The First Amendment as a means to secure corporate dominance v. First Amendment as a means to secure democracy, Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission -- Conclusion : one hundred eleven mic drop takeaways, conversation starters & stuff that can startle the stymied into writing creatively.

Introduction / Sylvain Excoffon -- Fra gli eremi delle Alpi occidentali e il mondo delle città italiane dalle certose signorili alla certose dei principi / Rinaldo Comba -- Les cardinaux avignonnais et les chartreuses / Daniel Le Blévec -- Burials of aristocrats, the landed gentry and the merchant classes in medieval English charterhouses / James Hogg -- Franciscus Petrarca und seine Kontakte zu den Eliten in Avignon sowie zu seinem Bruder Gerardus / Meta Niederkorn-Bruck -- Certosini ed élites nell-Italia centrale e meridionale (periodo medievale e moderno) / Giovanni Leoncini -- La certosa di Sant'Andrea e l'élite della Repubblica serenissima di Venezia dalla meta del XV alla fine del XVI secolo / Silvio Chiaberto -- Les fondateurs et bienfaiteurs des premières chartreuses belges / Francis Timmermans -- Environnement urbain et communautés cartusiennes en Franconie (XIVe-XVIe siècles) / Coralie Zermatten -- A la vanguardia de las relaciones diplomáticas en la primera mitad del siglo XV: cuatro car tujos aragoneses (B. Ferrer, F. Maresme, F. de Aranda, J. de Nea) / Albert Ferrer Orts, Estefania Ferrer del Río -- Les chartreux et les élites en Europe d'après les obits des actes des chapitres généraux de Chartreuse (1422-1474): première approche / Sylvain Excoffon -- Concomitancias entre el atrio de la iglesia mayor de la cartuja de Valldecrist y el tigurio del altar de la basílica de San Pedro de Roma / Albert Ferrer Orts, Josep Marí Gómez Lozano -- Atque haec quidem fuerunt! The Carthusians and college foundations at the University of Leuven / Tom Gaens -- Les chartreux et les élites du savoir dans le royaume de France aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles / Émilie-Anne Pépy -- La couronne, la mitre et le voile: élites et moniales chartreuses du XIIe au XVIIe siècle / Thomas Jérôme -- Entre scandale et raillerie: la réception des élites en Chartreuse à travers les cartes de Chartreuse et le Cahier de Villeneuve / Alain Girard -- L'évocation des fondateurs et donateurs dans les sceaux de chartreuses / Éloi Delbecque -- Conclusions / Pierrette Paravy

"A new stele dated Year III of Aspelta was discovered one fragment after another between 1999 and 2007 on the site of Dukki Gel (Pnubs), one kilometre north of Kerma. What started as archaeological research turned into a police investigation when the largest fragment was confiscated from a Sudanese man who had sent a copy of the text to the Museum of Khartoum to enquire about the potential commercial value of the object in his possession. Five fragments constituting the main part of the upper and median sections of the stele could thus be reassembled, along with two fragments of the lower rim. The scarce number of Napatean inscribed monuments known to us makes every new discover likely to shed entirely new light on this very specific period when the Kushite kings ceased to rule over Egypt but kept close cultural relationships with it beyond the now interrupted political links. The date of the stele - Year III, 1st month of Winter, the 12th - places it twenty days after the stele from Sanam, downstream of the 4th cataract, now in the Louvre Museum (C 250 = E 6209) which is dated Year III, 3rd month of the akhet season, the 22nd day. The latter commemorated the visit to the temple of Amun-Ra Bull of Nubia by a delegation sent by the king to replace the sistrum player of the temple. Reading the inscription of stele from Dukki Gel shows that most members of the delegation of the Sanam stele are still mentioned here, although important redactional discrepancies are to found between the two texts. A comparison of the two inscriptions lets us establish certain orthographic rules followed by the scribe of each stele, one with an Egyptian training while the other one seems to have been influenced by a specific local culture, which the Dukki Gel stele contributes to reveal."--Page 4 of cover

pt. I. Political history of human rights -- 1. Historical development of the idea of human rights -- 2. The role of the courts -- Vernonia v. School District v. Action (1995) -- Lockyer, Attorney General v. Andrade (2003) -- pt. II. The right of fundamental fairness -- 3. Due process of law : a shrinking concept -- Goss v. Lopez (1975) -- Bennis v. Michigan (1996) -- 4. Cruel and unusual punishment -- Gregg v. Georgia (1976) -- Roper v. Simmons (2005) -- pt. III. Equal justice under law -- 5. The rights of minorities -- Plessey v. Ferguson (1896) -- Brown v. Board of Education (1954) -- Loving v. Virginia (1967) -- San Antonio School District v. Rodriguez (1973) -- Johnson v. California (2005) -- 6. The rights of women -- Bradwell v. Illinois (1872) -- United States v. Virginia Military Institute (1996) -- 7. Affirmative action or reverse discrimination -- Richmond v. Croson (1989) -- McCleskey v. Kemp (1987) -- Grutter v. Bollinger et al. (2003) -- pt. IV. Basic rights of a free society -- 8. The right to freedom of expression -- Texas v. Johnson (1989) -- Wisconsin v. Mitchell (1993) -- 9. The right to separate government from religion -- Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah (1993) -- Engle v. Vitale (1962) -- Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) -- Lynch v. Donnelly (1984) -- Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002) -- 10. The right to be let alone by government -- Roe v. Wade (1973) -- Gonzales v. Carhart et al. (2007) -- Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) -- Bowers v. Hardwick (1986) -- Lawrence v. Texas (2003) -- Cruzan v. Missouri Department of Health (1990) -- Gonzales v. Oregon (2006) -- Kelo et al. v. City of New London (2005) -- 11. Privacy, searches and seizures -- Board of Education v. Earls (2002) -- pt. V. Conclusion -- The dream of global justice -- Appendix I. The United States Constitution -- Appendix II. The Bill of Rights -- Appendix III. The Fourteenth Amendment -- Appendix IV. The Declaration of Independence

Die Popularität des Begriffs "Leistungseliten" ist nicht zuletzt auf die Vermengung des Konzepts der wissenschaftlichen Exzellenz mit dem der Elitenperformanz zurückzuführen. Beide Konzepte müssen jedoch analytisch unterschieden werden, da für die Erlangung gesellschaftlicher und politischer Führungspositionen neben einer exzellenten Fachausbildung weitere Qualifikationen erforderlich sind, die erst im Verlauf der Berufskarriere erworben werden. Die vorherrschenden Muster der Elitenrekrutierung werden vielfach als inadäquat kritisiert. Unter Verweis auf die besseren Aufstiegschancen von Kindern aus Familien mit höherem sozialem Status wird einerseits der meritokratische Charakter der Elitenrekrutierung in Zweifel gezogen. In der Praxis sind diese allerdings primär auf den Zusammenhang zwischen sozialer Herkunft und Bildungschancen zurückzuführen. Andererseits wird mit der Einrichtung von Eliteuniversitäten die Hoffnung auf eine Steigerung der Qualifikation der Eliten verbunden. Die Dominanz der Absolventen von Eliteuniversitäten in den Eliten Frankreichs, Großbritanniens und der USA ist jedoch nicht nur auf deren akademische Exzellenz, sondern mindestens ebenso sehr auf ihre Exklusivität zurückzuführen. Daher erhöht die Existenz von Eliteuniversitäten die soziale Selektivität der Elitenrekrutierung. (DIPF/Orig.).;;;The current popularity of the concept of "meritocratic elites" is at least partly due to its critical potential. It combines two important aspects of assessing elites, academic excellence and elite performance. These two aspects have to be analytically distinguished, however. Elite roles imply a complex mixture of qualifications many of which are not taught within the educational system, but have to be acquired on the job. The prevailing patterns of elite recruitment are frequently blamed for selecting individuals with inadequate qualification. While social critics have argued that family background is more important for advancement to elite positions than meritocratic criteria, conservatives claim that only elite universities may provide the appropriate training ground for future elites. With respect to the first criticism, statistical controls for educational level show that the disproportionate share of children from upper-class background in the elites is primarily due to the association of family background with educational opportunities. Conversely, evidence from France, Great Britain and the U.S. reveals that having a degree from an elite university is a distinct advantage for achieving elite positions. However, this is not only due to the academic excellence of these elite universities, but at least as much to their exclusive nature. Elite recruitment in those countries is therefore socially even more selective. (DIPF/Orig.).

A review essay on books by: Indio Campos, Veredelungswirtschaft in Sudoldenburg. Fallstudie zum Strukturwandel in der modernen Landwirtschaft (Economic Refinement in South Oldenburg. Case Study on Structural Change in the Modern Rural Economy); Elke Hellstern, Soziale Differenzierung und Umweltzerstorung. Bauerliches Wirtschaften in einer Bergregion in der Dominikanischen Republic (Social Differentiation & Environmental Destruction. Farming Economies in a Bioregion in the Dominican Republic); Ludwig Huber, Bauern und Staat in Peru: Die Rondas Campesinas von Piura (Farmers and the State in Peru: The Rondas Campesinas of Piura); Friedhelm Streiffeler, Endogene Entwicklungsvorstellungen in Zaire. Eine vergleichende Untersuchung bei den Komo und Yira (Nande) (Endogenous Development Introduction in Zaire. A Comparative Examination of the Komo and Yira [Nande]); & Karsten Waniorek, So denken sie nicht oder Einfluss Soziokultureller Dimensionen auf die Akzeptanz von Entwicklungsprojekten amBeispiel Ecuador ([What You Don't Think or the Influence of Sociocultural Dimensions on the Acceptance of Development Projects Using the Example of Ecuador] for all, Saarbrucken, Federal Republic Germany: Verlag breitenbach, 1993, 1993, 1992, 1993, 1993, respectively [see listings in IRPS No. 84]). Brazilian agrarian sociologist Campos examines European Union farming. He discusses the influence of capital & technology intensification on family farming firms & the environment in the pork-producing South Oldenburg region of Germany. Hellstern offers a detailed study of a vegetable- & coffee-producing area of the Dominican Republic, based on a standardized survey of 507 households & system analysis of the economic activities of 79 of those households. She discusses connections between social factors, subsistence farming, coffee exports, & environmental degradation. Huber offers a case study of the Peruvian north highlands, stressing the effects of economic crisis, police corruption, political climate, & other state-related factors on farming. Streiffeler compares endogenous development among the Komo & Yira in Zaire, emphasizing structural factors (eg, infrastructure) as well as ethnicity & traditional attitudes. His discussion is based on 27 group interviews with 1,088 people. Waniorek examines international development projects in Ecuador. The sociocultural frame in which indigenous farmers, national institutional actors, & German experts operate is analyzed. E. Blackwell

A review essay on books by: William K. Carroll, Corporate Power and Canadian Capitalism (Vancouver, 1986); Jorge Niosi, Canadian Multinationals (Chodos, Robert [Tr], Toronto, 1985); Diane Francis, Controlling Interest: Who Owns Canada? (Toronto, 1986); & Linda McQuaig, Behind Closed Doors: How the Rich Won Control of Canada's Tax System $... and Ended Up Richer (Markham, Ontario, 1987 [see listings in IRPS No. 49]). Though these works offer excellent analyses of the capital accumulation process & corporate power in Canada, they neglect the influence of labor & gender & are based on the assumption that Canada is not dependent on the US marketplace & culture. Carroll criticizes the arguments of the Canadian nationalist dependency school that describe the overdevelopment of commercial capital & underdevelopment of indigenous industrial capital. An aggregate statistical analysis of 194 Canadian corporations operating between 1946 & 1985 is presented to describe how the early cycle of US domination gave way to a much stronger indigenous finance capital. Niosi describes how 13 Canadian multinationals have achieved international stature via technological imitation rather than by innovation. It is argued that Marxian theories of finance capital are inapplicable to the Canadian case. Francis combines statistical data with personal anecdotes to describe 32 family dynasties that control a significant portion of Canada's nonfinancial assets. Their "paper entrepreneurship" & ability to buy up corporations without adding to the wealth of the economy are criticized, & attributed largely to weak legislation & regulatory policies & tax breaks that benefit the rich. McQuaig systematically demonstrates how the rich accumulate wealth by draining income from the lower & middle classes -- again with the help of the Canadian tax system. It is concluded that more attention must be paid to the growing cross-fertilization between the women's & labor movements & their effect on corporate power & capital accumulation. K. Hyatt

The last 10 yrs in East Africa have seen a remarkable increase in the quantity & quality of anthrop'al, econ & sociol'al res: (1) general studies: 'Social Class and Education in East Africa' by J. E. Goldthorpe provides a general introduction & points out that among Africans, the criteria of soc stratification differ in diff (indigenous) societies as compared to the rigid framework of soc class among Europeans. Racial lines are at least as important as those of social class. (2) Uganda: JINJA TRANSFORMED: A SOCIAL SURVEY OF A MULTIRACIAL TOWNSHIP by C. & R. Soper, provides data useful to the gov in forming policy & in academic res & experimentation. In 1951 Jinja contained about 14,900 Africans, 5,100 Asians & 300 Europeans who tended to live in separate areas, & there is a division of labor related to race. Diff's in educ'al attainment r'ed with diff's in occup in each racial category; thus there are differentual econ rewards, resentment & charges of discrimination. R. Mukherjee's THE PROBLEM OF UGANDA: A STUDY IN ACCULTURATION, is written from a Marxist & strongly anti-colonial bias. (3) Kenya: Mary Parker maintains that in Kenya there is a considerable overlapping of econ levels among the diff races. Europeans are characteristically racially exclusive & present a united front. The Indian community is torn with internal dissension & tends to concentrate on religious issues. There has been a tendency toward solidarity among Africans, & clashes between Indians & Africans usually take the form of conflicts between employers & employees. (4) Tanganyika: the interracial situation has been discussed by A. K. Datta in TANGANYIKA: A GOVERNMENT IN A PLURAL SOCIETY, where it is stated that the upper income group is predominantly European with Asians holding a moderate second place & Africans being excluded. Other relevent studies include: BANTU BUREAUCRACY by Lloyd A. Fallers, BWAMBA ECONOMY by E. H. Winter, TOWNSMEN IN THE MAKING by A. W. Southall & P. C. W. Gutkind, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND TRIBAL CHANGE ed by A. I. Richards. B. J. Keeley.

The 1992 Helsinki Document, "The Challenges of Change" provided the then CSCE with the political mandate to deploy peacekeeping operations (PKO), but no OSCE PKO has been mandated since the Organization adopted its norms in 1992. … On the other hand facing pressure to respond adequately to concrete crises, participating States of the CSCE/OSCE had been quite willing to establish field operations [OSCE missions] which, due to their nature as well as their functions, can be defined as PKOs. Following this line of reasoning, it could, thus, be argued that the OSCE is already playing a role in peacekeeping, albeit without officially declaring its activities as peacekeeping. (CORE WP/Pll)