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Every translator is, in a such way, consciously or not, an "unfaithful" missionary between two cultures. Both among the Arab scholars and Western academics, translation has always had an important role: between similarities and differences the literary world has produced a lot of theories about the techniques and the tasks connected to the translator's work. What happens if an unfaithful translation becomes a metaphor to express the writer's will to criticize the society where he lives? In al-Mutarğim al-ḫā'in (The Unfaithful Translator, 2008) by the Syrian writer Fawwāz Ḥaddād, the protagonist, Ḥāmid Salīm, voluntarily alters the final of the book he's translating. From this moment on, he will be victim of persecution by an Organization that deals with literature just in appearance. In this way Fawwāz Ḥaddād proposes a perspective on the political and literary scene of the contemporary Syrian society. The act of betrayal of Ḥāmid Salīm becomes an unusual act of subversion towards the autocratic political system of his country.

The relations between Germany and Qatar look so good in various fields in spite of the non-existence of the deep historical roots between the two parties. Today these relations are characterized by many basics and motivations that pave the way to the recent positive format, as well as the underlying important driver of these diverse interests, which provides real opportunities to convergence of visions and goals in more than one direction. As Qatar is considered as a vital strategic partner to Germany in the region due to its economic assets and geopolitical status, Germany at the same time has a further importance to Qatar. The study is based on the basics of the diverse interests owned by the both sides. These diverse interests could be starting point for forward looking that is reliable to the continued presence of Germany, which could be positively reflected on the present and future relationship.

Viele Studien haben bisher das Bild des Orients und des arabischen Raums bei Goethe untersucht, wie Goethe die anderen Kulturen und Literaturen sah. Meine Arbeit jedoch nähert sich dem Thema erstmals, wenn man so will, von der anderen Seite. Denn sie steht unter den Leitfragen: Wie ist das Bild Goethes in der arabischen Welt konturiert? Wie wurde und wird Goethe in der arabischen Literatur dargestellt? Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Schwerpunkte der arabischen Rezeption deutscher Literatur vom 20. bis zu den Anfängen des 21. Jahrhunderts, wobei insbesondere auf Johann Wolfgang von Goethe und seinen Briefroman Die Leiden des jungen Werthers Bezug genommen wird. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Entwicklung der Rezeption, also die Interaktion zwischen Leser und Text, ohne dabei die Rolle des ursprünglichen Autors zu vernachlässigen. Als theoretische Grundlage der Forschung dient die Rezeptionstheorie von Hans Robert Jauß, in welcher der historisch-ästhetische Erwartungshorizont der literarischen Erfahrung im Zentrum steht, wobei das Werk-Rezipient-Verhältnis sowohl die Aktivierung wie auch die Obejktivierung dieser Erwartung umfasst. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei vor allem auf der Frage, wie die deutsche Literatur von den Arabern zunächst übersetzt und gelesen, insbesondere aber darauf, mit welcher Wahrscheinlichkeit sie gemäß ihren intendierten Aussagen rezipiert wird. So ist etwa die Arbeit des Übersetzers bei der Auswahl des zu übertragenden Stoffes sehr entscheidend. In der angemessenen Übertragung etwa bildlicher Sprache liegt auch ein schöpferischer Aspekt, und die Übersetzung literarischer Texte, für die ihre ästhetische Form konstitutiv ist, unterscheidet sich somit stark von Übersetzungen von Texten, bei denen die Vermittlung von Informationen im Vordergrund steht. Unter diesem Blickwinkel wird die Übersetzung selbst als Prozess der Rezeption betrachtet, im dem der Übersetzer als ein erster Leser fungiert, der vor allem die Wirkung des literarischenTextes mitrezipiert und innerhalb seines Kulturkreises ...

تهدف هذه الورقة البحثية للتطرق إلى موضوع الفساد بصفة عامة والفساد الإداري والمالي بصفة خاصـة، من خلال التركيز على تبيان أهم الأسباب المؤدية إلى بروز هذه الظاهرة وانتشارها بصفة سريعة في مختلف المجتمعات المتقدّمة والنامية بدرجة أعلى. إن تسليط الضوء على مسببات هذه الظاهرة من خلال تمحيصها وتحديد مجالاتها يساهم بشكل كبير في بناء استراتيجيات لمكافحتها بغية تحقيق مجتمعات خالية من هذه الممارسات والسلوكات السلبية. وستتم دراسة ذلك من خلال تقسيم هذا البحث إلى ثلاثة محاور أساسية، حيث يتناول المحور الأول مفهوم الفساد، خصائصه وأنواعه، فيما يركز المحور الثاني على الفساد الإداري والمالي، أشكاله وآثاره الاقتصاديـة، بينما سيتم في المحور الثالث التطرق إلى أسباب الفساد الإداري والمالي، وأهم الاستراتيجيات الممكنة لمكافحته. ; This article is designed to touch on the subject of corruption in general and administrative and financial corruption in particular, focusing on identifying the most important reasons leading to the emergence and spread of this phenomenon fast in various developed and developing societies, especially in the latter to a higher degree. Highlighting the causes of this phenomenon through the examination and identification of fields contribute significantly to building strategies to combat it, In order to reach out to communities without these practices and negative behaviours. This will be studied by organizing it into three main axes, where the first axis deals with the concept of corruption, its characteristics and types and the second focuses on administrative and financial corruption, its forms and its economic effects while the third will highlight the causes of administrative and financial corruption and the most important strategies to combat it.

يسعى هذا البحث لتحليل العلاقة بين نموذجي الشمولية الذي وضعته أنّا أرندت والبيولوجيا السياسية الذي طوّره ميشيل فوكو، وإيجاد النقاط المشتركة بينهما، تأكيداً لأطروحة الاستمرارية الخطية والفكرية والمفاهيمية لهذين النموذجين، من جهة، وتحليل علاقة النموذجين بالديمقراطية من جهة أخرى، تأكيداً لأطروحة التضامن الغائي بين المفاهيم الثلاثة. ومن أجل إيجاد العلاقة بين الشمولية والبيولوجيا السياسية والديمقراطية الغربية، يجب تجاوز الصورة النمطية التي أعطيت للعلاقة بين الشمولية والديمقراطية التي تضعهما في شكل متقابلات. إن نموذج البيولوجيا السياسية، من خلال تركيزه على تكنولوجيات السيطرة على الجسد التي مورست في المجتمعات الغربية. ; The aims of this research is to analyze firstly the relationship between the totalitarianism paradigm of Hannah Arendt and biopolitical paradigm of Michel Foucault, and find the common points between the two concepts in order to confirm the linear, intellectual and conceptual continuity thesis of both paradigms. Secondely, we analyse the relationship between the two paradigms and liberal democracy in the age of modernity, in order to confirm the teleogical solidarity thesis between the three concepts. To find these relationships between totalitarianism, biopolitics and democracy, we must overlap the given stereotype than take the negative relationship between totalitarianism and democracy. However, the biopolitical paradigm, through its focus on control of bodies practiced in Western societies, can help to reformulate the relationship between totalitarianism and Western democracy, and confirm the historical solidarity between them, because the employment of both paradigms the same techniques and disciplines. To reach the goal of the study, we will first discuss the relevance of Michel Foucault constribution in the emerging of biopolitical paradigm, and secondely we present the redefinition tentatives of theis paradidm by Antonio Negri and Giorgio Agamben. Thirdely, we analyze the relationship between biopolitics and totalitarianism by comparing Arendt and Foucault ideas, in addition to the contributions Agamben and its "camp" paradigm, which confirm the historical solidarity relationship between totalitarianism and Western democracy. We conclude by presenting the democratic alternative of tatalitarianism and biopolitics, through the concept of radical democracy based on the contributions of radical thinkers, especially Antonio Negri.

يقوم مبدأ المكاسب المتكافئة في المعاهدات الدولية على إيجاد قاعدة عامة للتعايش الإنساني القائم على الرضا والمنفعة المشتركة؛ لأنه يعد سبيلا إلى تحقيق السلام العالمي بين الدول والأفراد والجماعات. وتلخصت الأسس التي يقوم عليها إلى ثلاثة أسس رئيسة: الأولى الأمانة؛ وهي المعزز الرئيسي الأول لمعنى الثقة. الثانية: التوازن؛ وهو القدرة على التعبير عن الرأي مع مراعاة آراء ومخاوف الطرف الآخر. الثالثة: عقلية الوفرة؛ وهي تصور ذهني يقوم على الثقة الواسعة بعطاء الله عز وجل. وكان التاريخ الإسلامي زاخرا بهذا المبدأ وأسسه حيث كانت النواة الأولى للنهضة والفتوحات السلمية، واخترت منه شاهدين: الأول: معاهدة صلح الحديبية في زمن النبوة، والآخر: العهدة العمرية في زمن الخلافة. ; Abstract The principle of equal gains in international treaties is to find a general rule of human coexistence based on mutual benefit and satisfaction; it is a way to achieve world peace among nations and individuals and groups. And it summarized the foundations of three main bases: The first one; is to be a trustworthy. Second: to be balanced, and it's the ability to express opinion, and thoughts with taking into account the views and concerns of the other party. Third: the mentality of abundance; and it's the confidence ones have, that Allah the Almighty ensured that every living thing have its share on this earth. The equal gains principle was founded in the Islamic history on many Occasions that created the very soul of the Islamic empire, and so I chose two Examples to present the idea: the first one is about the Khudaibiya Treaty at the time of the prophecy, and the second one is Auhdah alumarya at the time of kilafa

Executive council Thirty-Fourth Ordinary Session 07 - 08 February 2019 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; The members of the PRC Sub-Committee on Headquarters and Host Agreements, met on 22 October 2018 at the AU Headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. to discuss issues relating to the implementation of the Agreement between the African Union and the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, on the Headquarters of the AU , as well as issues arising from the implementation of Host Country Agreements between the AU and States hosting AU institutions, organs, agencies and offices.

Contents: CHAPTER I -- The Two Cities -- CHAPTER II The Town of the Tent -- CHAPTER III The Faubourgs -- CHAPTER IV Misr -- CHAPTER V Cairo -- CHAPTER VI Saladin's Castle -- CHAPTER VII The Dome Builders -- CHAPTER VIII The City of the Arabian Nights -- CHAPTER IX Beys and Pashas -- RULERS AND MONUMENTS OF CAIRO -- TABLE FOR CONVERTING HIJRA YEARS INTO ANNI DOMINI.

The Nancy N. Boothe papers, 1980-2009 [bulk 1990-1997], are composed of articles, notes, reports and a wide variety of feminist publications. Much of the material documents the U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women, which Ms. Boothe attended as Executive Director of Atlanta's Feminist Women's Health Center. Artifacts, artwork and textiles relate to the conference and to other women's and health issues. ; Born in Battles Wharf, Alabama (1948), Nancy N. Boothe graduated from the University of South Alabama as a registered nurse (1971). She received a B.S. in nursing from the Medical College of Georgia (1976), and a master's degree in Counseling from Troy State University [Florida Region] (1981). Boothe served in the U.S. Nurse Corps in the U.S. and Korea (1970-1984), and worked as clinical director and consultant at a number of health facilities in Louisiana and Florida. She became Executive Director of the Atlanta Feminist Women's Health Center in 1994. In 1995, she attended the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China, where she taught the workshop, ""GYN Self-Help."" Boothe has served on the boards of All Women's Health Services in Portland and Eugene, Oregon; the Sexual Assault Center, Atlanta, Georgia; and the Jeanette Rankin Foundation, Athens, Georgia. She is also a member of the Feminist Majority Foundation's ""Women's Commission for Congressional Oversight"" and A.P.D. Citizen Review Panel.; Founded in California in 1971 by Carol Downer (1933-) and Lorraine Rothman (1932-2007), the Feminist Women's Health Center was established to empower women through self-knowledge, education and self-help groups. The Atlanta Feminist Women's Health Center was established in 1977. Its mission is to ""provide accessible, comprehensive gynecological healthcare to all who need it without judgment. As innovative healthcare leaders, [they] work collaboratively within [their] community and nationally to promote reproductive health, rights and justice. [They] advocate for wellness, uncensored health information and fair public policies by educating the larger community and empowering [their] clients to make their own decisions.""; The United Nations convened the Fourth World Conference on Women, September 4-15, 1995, in Beijing, China, with a Platform for Action that aimed at achieving greater equality and opportunity for women. Three previous World Conferences were held in Mexico City (International Women's Year, 1975), Copenhagen (1980) and Nairobi (1985). 189 governments and more than 5,000 representatives from 2,100 non-governmental organizations participated in the Beijing Conference. The principal themes were the advancement and empowerment of women in relation to women's human rights, women and poverty, women and decision-making, the girl-child, violence against women and other areas of concern. The resulting documents of the Conference are The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. The U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women manifested a global women's movement for change and has been called ""the Woodstock of the women's movement.""; The World Conference on Women was also accompanied by an informal meeting (August 30-September 8) of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This NGO Forum on Women, Beijing '95, brought together thousands of women from around the world to exchange information and ideas, celebrate women's achievements and contributions and draw attention and develop solutions to discrimination facing women world-wide.

This research attempts to shed light on the role of the international Court of Justice (ICJ) and the significance of its adjudicatory and advisory functions. The theme of this research will initially project a brief introduction of the topic in question, keeping in view the historical and contemporary perspectives of the ICJ. This research also focuses on the organizational structure of the United Nations, keeping in view the position and role of the ICJ within the organization. With practical examples of case laws, the ambit of judicial review in the context of judicial and advisory function of ICJ will also be taken into account. It will also present brief analysis on the intra-organizational relationship between the ICJ and other organs of the UN. ; This research attempts to shed light on the role of the international Court of Justice (ICJ) and the significance of its adjudicatory and advisory functions. The theme of this paper will initially project a brief introduction of the topic in question, keeping in view the historical and contemporary perspectives of the ICJ . This research also focuses on the organizational structure of the United Nations, keeping in view the position and role of the ICJ within the organization. With practical examples of case laws, the ambit of judicial review in the context of judicial and advisory function of ICJ will also be taken into account. It will also present brief analysis on the intra-organizational relationship between the ICJ and other organs of the UN.

Executive Council Thirty-Fourth Ordinary Session 7 – 8 February 2019 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; This 45th Activity Report of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR or the Commission), which is presented to the Heads of State and Government of the African Union (AU) in accordance with Article 54 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (the African Charter or the Charter), covers the period from 10 May to 13 November 2018. It highlights, among others: the statutory and other institutional meetings of the Commission; the status of State reporting; Resolutions adopted by the Commission; the human rights complaints before the Commission; the various interventions of the Commission on human rights issues including Urgent Appeal Letters, Press Releases and Letters of Appreciation; the human rights situation on the continent; financial, staffing and operational matters of the Commission; implementation of the Recommendations of the Executive Council and Recommendations to the different stakeholders.

Assembly of the Union Thirty-Second Ordinary Session 10 - 11 February 2019 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; The various terrorist groups operating in certain parts of the continent remain active and continue to threaten peace, security, stability and social cohesion, particularly in the Sahel-Saharan region.

هدفت الدراسة إلى تعرف كيفية تعامل الفقه الإداري الأردني مع المنازعات الناشئة عن العقود الإدارية، وكيف تم إسناد التخصص بهذه المنازعات إلى القاضي المدني وهذا من شأنه أن يؤدي إلى المساس بخصوصية القانون الإداري وبالتالي القضاء الإداري، لا سيما أن الأردن قد أقرت قانون القضاء الإداري رقم 27 لسنة 2014، حيث كان على المشرع الأردني إناطة أية منازعة تنشأ عن العقود الإدارية بهذا القانون دون القضاء المدني وذلك حفاظا على حسن سير المرافق العامة وانتظامها. كما ناقشت هذه الدراسة، بالمقارنة مع الوضع في مصر، أهمية القضاء الإداري بنظر منازعات العقود الإدارية كونه قضاءً متخصصا ويمتلك الخبرة مما من شأنه إنهاء المنازعة بالسرعة المطلوبة ودون تأخير وبعيدا عن الإجراءات المتبعة في القضاء المدني كون إسناد منازعات العقود الإدارية للقضاء المدني يتعارض مع روح النظام القضائي الإداري. ; This study aims to highlight how Jordanian administrative Jurisprudence dealt with disputes of the administrative contract, as well as, how was the attribution of specialization such disputes to the civil judge. This would lead to prejudice the privacy of administrative law. Jordan has enacted the Administrative Justice Law No. 27 of 2014. The Jordanian legislator needs to entrust any dispute arising from administrative contracts to the Administrative Justice law of 2014 in order to preserves the proper functioning of public facilities and its regularity without the intervention of civil courts. This study discusses the importance of the Administrative judiciary's consideration disputes of administrative contracts, in comparison with the situation in Egypt and Iraq. That Administrative judiciary is a judiciary is a specialist and has experience that could end the dispute as quickly as required and without delay and away from the procedures followed in the civil courts. The fact is that the attribution of disputes administrative contracts to civil judge conflicts with the essence of the judicial system administrative. Key words: administrative contracts, the sanctions administrative contracts, administrative judiciary, judicial control over the work of the Department, Jordan, Egypt.

This 45th Activity Report of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR or the Commission), which was presented to the Heads of State and Government of the African Union (AU) in accordance with Article 54 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (the African Charter or the Charter), covers the period from 10 May to 13 November 2018. It highlights, among others: the statutory and other institutional meetings of the Commission; the status of State reporting; Resolutions adopted by the Commission; the human rights complaints before the Commission; the various interventions of the Commission on human rights issues including Urgent Appeal Letters, Press Releases and Letters of Appreciation; the human rights situation on the continent; financial, staffing and operational matters of the Commission; implementation of the Recommendations of the Executive Council and Recommendations to the different stakeholders.

The geo-economy presents Lebanon with challenges associated with being a nexus for regional fault lines and risks from its dependence on capital inflows. Despite markedly improved security conditions since the start of 2015, anxiety over regional turmoil and potential spillover effectspersist. All the while, Lebanon continues to be, by far, the largest host of Syrian refugees (in proportion to the population). In addition, the economy's dependence on its diaspora to finance internal and external imbalances exposes Lebanon to economic and political conditions beyond its influence. Despite these challenges and risks, the political process remains impaired with the vacant presidency completing its second year with uncertain prospects of a near-term resolution. On the other hand, a short-term solution has been found to the garbage crisis that has left piles of trash uncollected on the streets across the country since summer 2015. The Lebanon Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It also presents findings from recent World Bank work on Lebanon. It places them in a longer-term and global context, and assesses the implications of these developments and other changes in policy on the outlook for Lebanon. Its coverage ranges from the macro-economy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development.