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Though nominally a secular state, under BJP rule, Hinduism in India has seen a greater prominence in politics and society than at any time in the post-independence era. As such, it is worthwhile examining how, in certain core aspects, Hinduism may affect the key variables of economic and social development. This is a neglected area that has largely been ignored by international institutions, especially by UN agencies and the World Bank. This exploratory paper provides some historical context and focuses particularly on the impact of caste on India's body politic and development. It examines the arguments of those that suggest that Hinduism may have positive effects and those that suggest otherwise. It concludes by arguing that negative effects far outweigh any putative benefits.

Gandhi's relationship with Hinduism and other religio-cultural traditions has generally been understood as part of a narrative of uniformity in which there is little scope for internal variations and ambiguities. One of the most important consequences of this uniformity is that the complexities and subtleties of Gandhi's approaches to the questions of religious and cultural spheres as well as identities are often not given the attention they deserve. Whereas Gandhi carried on a lifelong campaign for the reform of the Hindu society, his self-description as an orthodox or sanatani Hindu also holds important meanings for our understanding of him, especially in view of the fact that he was among the few leaders and thinkers of modern India who accepted and defended what may be described as popular Hinduism. The idea of the equality of all religions implying that all religions are equally true provided the template for his interface with Islam, Christianity and other traditions, without, however, denying the existence and relevance of difference in forms between various religions. Approaching politics as a deeply religious man, he had a lifelong engagement with Hindu leaders and organisations wherein the complexities of his perspective are clearly expressed.

"Covering the earliest Sanskrit rulebooks through to the codification of 'Hindu law' in modern times, this interdisciplinary volume examines the interactions between Hinduism and the law. The authors present the major transformations to India's legal system in both the colonial and post colonial periods and their relation to recent changes in Hinduism. Thematic studies show how law and Hinduism relate and interact in areas such as ritual, logic, politics, and literature, offering a broad coverage of South Asia's contributions to religion and law at the intersection of society, politics and culture. In doing so, the authors build on previous treatments of Hindu law as a purely text-based tradition, and in the process, provide a fascinating account of an often neglected social and political history"--

Most overviews of Hindu belief and practice follow a history from the ancient Vedas to today. Such approaches privilege Brahmanical traditions and create a sense of Hinduism as a homogenous system and culture, and one which is largely unchanging and based solely on sacred texts. In reality, modern Hindu faith and culture present an extraordinary range of dynamic beliefs and practices. ''Contemporary Hinduism'' aims to capture the full breadth of the Hindu worldview as practised today, both in the sub-continent and the diaspora. Global and regional faith, ritualised and everyday practice, Brahm

In the first part of his article, the author proposes to give an overview of the interaction between religion & politics on the Indian subcontinent & to describe the ambivalent role played by religion in the course of India's long history. In the second part, he concentrates on the rise of nationalistic, right-wing Hindu movements since the beginning of the 20th Century & describes their impact on Indian politics from the beginning of independence until the present day. In the end, Stephan Schlensog finds that the power of militant Hindu-nationalist movements depends very much on the economic situation in India. Therefore, the decisive question is whether or not an economic development can be facilitated that dries up the breeding-ground for nationalism & fundamentalism on the subcontinent. References. Adapted from the source document.

There is a growing perception that ideas of masculinity delineated through militaristic metaphors facilitate some of the violence committed in the name of emergent nationalisms in post-Cold War world. Attempting to analyze this argument, recent feminist theorizing is drawn on here to examine the political ideology of the Shiv Sena, a political party based in Bombay, India, that espouses Hindu nationalism. Masculinist images derived from India's encounter with Western ideas of gender construction during the British colonial period form the basis of a uniquely Indian construction here termed "masculine Hinduism." Masculine Hinduism shapes much of the Sena's political ideology & creates a political vocabulary that can facilitate violence against an enemy of the Hindu nation. 25 References. Adapted from the source document.

"Im ersten Teil des Artikels gibt der Autor einen Überblick über die Interaktion zwischen Religion und Politik auf dem indischen Subkontinent und beschreibt die ambivalente Rolle, die die Religion in der umfangreichen Geschichte Indiens spielte. Im zweiten Teil wird der Fokus auf den Aufstieg der nationalistischen, rechts gerichteten Hindu-Bewegungen seit Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts gelegt. Zudem wird ihr Einfluss auf die indische Politik von den Anfängen der Unabhängigkeit bis heute beschrieben. Letztendlich konstatiert der Autor, dass die Macht der militanten hindu-nationalistischen Bewegungen in starkem Maße von der ökonomischen Situation in Indien abhängig ist. Daher stellt sich die entscheidende Frage, ob es gelingt, die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung so zu gestalten, dass Nationalismus und Fundamentalismus auf dem Subkontinent der Nährboden entzogen werden kann." (Autorenreferat)

From the Contents: Adivasi -- Colonial Perceptions of Tribal Religion -- Khasi Religion -- Medical System of the Khos -- Religion of Bharias -- Religion of the Ao Naga -- Religion of the Ho Tribe -- Religion of the Raika-Rebari -- Religion of the Sumi Naga -- Religion of the Tiwas -- Abhinavagupta -- Abortion (Hinduism) -- Acintya-bhedābheda-Tattva -- Adhikāra -- Adultery (Hinduism) -- Agastya -- Agrahāra -- Ahalyā, the Human Face of Sacred Infidelity -- Aitareya Brāhmaṇa -- Akka Mahādevī -- Alcohol (Use of) -- Alexander the Great -- Amṛtānanda Mayī Mā (Ammachi) -- Anandamarga (Ānandamārga) -- Appar -- Appayya Dīkṣita -- Arcāvatāra -- Ardhanārīśvara -- Arjuna -- Aryan [Āryan] -- Astronomy -- Aum -- Auroville -- Auspiciousness -- Avidyā -- Aśvamedha -- Babri Masjid (Bābarī Masjid) -- Bahuchara Mata (Deity of Transgenders) -- Basava -- Basham, A. L. -- Besant, Annie -- Bhandarkar, R.G -- Bharat Dharma Mahamandal -- Bhedābheda -- Bhoga -- Bhāgavata Purāṇa -- Bhārata Mātā -- Bhāravi -- Bhāskara -- Bhīma -- Bhīṣma -- Bioethics (Hinduism) -- Birth Control -- Brahma Kumaris -- Brahma Sūtras (Vedānta Sūtras) -- Brahman -- Brahmo Samaj -- Brahmotsava -- Brahmā -- Brāhmaṇa (Brahmin/Brahman) -- Brāhmaṇas -- Bādarāyaṇa -- Bāuls -- Caribbean and Central America, Hinduism in -- Chatterjee, Bankim Chandra -- China (Hinduism) -- Cilappatikāram (Śilappadigāram, Shilappadigaram) -- Cinema, Hindu Themes in -- Citamparam (Chidambaram) -- Dattātreya -- Daṇḍanīti -- Demon (Hinduism) -- Devīmāhātmya -- Dharma -- Dhyāna -- Dhṛtarāṣṭra -- Education, Hindu (Ancient, Classical, Modern, and Contemporary) -- Ekādaśī -- Environmentalism (Hinduism) -- Ganesh Chaturthi (Gaṇeśa Caturthī) -- Gaṅgeśa -- Gaṇeśa (Gaṇapati) -- God, Overview -- Hagiography -- Hanumān (Hanumant, Hanūman) -- Hariścandra -- Harivaṃśa -- Hastings, Warren -- Hijra (Hijaḍā) -- Himālaya -- Hindu Charitable Endowments -- Hindu Diaspora in Portugal: the Case of our Lady of Fatima Devotion -- Hindu Mahasabha -- Hinduism and Commercialization -- Hinduism in Africa -- Internet, Hinduism on -- Jajmānī System -- Janābāi -- Jones, William -- Jīva Gosvāmin -- Jīvanmukti -- Kaaval Katavul (Guarding Deities) -- Kaavu in Kerala (Sacred Groves in Kerala) -- Kabīr -- Kali -- Kane, P.V -- Kaurava -- Kaśmir Śaivism -- Kirtan in North America -- Krishnamurti, Jiddu -- Kriya Yoga -- Kumbha Mela -- Kuntī -- Liṅgāyata -- Loka -- Lokāyata -- Lāl Ded -- Līlā -- Madhusūdhana Sarasvatī -- Maharishi Mahesh Yogi -- Mahā-vākya -- Mahābalipuram (Māmmalapuram) -- Mahābhārata -- Mantra -- Manuscripts (Hinduism) -- Mathematics -- Matrilineality (Hinduism) -- Maṇimēkalai -- Maṇipravāḷa -- Meaning (Hinduism) -- Medicine (Hinduism) -- Meditation (Hinduism) -- Megasthenes -- Menstruation: Pollutant to Potent -- Naiker, E.V. Ramaswami ("Periyar") -- Nambudiri -- Nammāḻvār -- Naraka -- Nathdwara -- Nationalism (Hinduism) -- Navagraha -- Navarātri -- Naṭarāja -- Neo Vedānta -- Nimbārka -- Nirukta -- Nivedita, Sister -- Nivṛtti -- Niyoga -- Numbers -- Nyāya (and Navya-Nyāya) -- Old Age -- Omniscience (Hinduism) -- Pallava Dynasty -- Periya Purāṇam -- Pilgrimage – Hinduism -- Poṅkal (Pongal) -- Prahlāda -- Prakṛti -- Pramāṇa -- Prapatti -- Prarthana Samaj -- Pratyabhijñā -- Prayaschitta -- Proverb (Hinduism) -- Psychological Method -- Reason (Hinduism) -- Rebirth (Hinduism) -- Relativity (Hinduism) -- Religious Tourism -- Rishikesh (Hṛṣīkeśa) -- Sahaja -- Saints, Overview -- Samādhi -- Sanskrit (Saṃskṛt) -- Sanskrit literature in Maharashtra folk art Keertan -- Sanskritization (Hinduism) -- Sat -- Sati (Suttee) -- Satyabhāmā -- Savarkar, Vinayak Damodhar ("Veer") -- Saṃnyāsa -- Science -- Scripture (Hinduism) -- Shamanism