Suchergebnisse

After having stressed the importance of the org'al structure of the pol'al parties in a democracy, the structure is examined of the 10 pol'al parties which had, in the period 1963-1967, representatives in the 2nd Chamber of Parliament, paying particular attention to the extent to which the members have a say in the party. On the basis of the diff kinds of elections (local, provincial, 1st Chamber, 2nd Chamber) the organs of the party are divided into 6 levels. For each level the powers of the organs in question are discussed, in particular the power to elect, to nominate or to delegate individuals in the organs placed higher. The party members, the lowest level, have only the power to elect, to nominate or to delegate for the next level. For all the other levels their power in this respect is indirect. In general it can be said that the higher the level of the organ, the more indirect the power of the party member is concerning the composition of that organ. In the composition of these higher placed organs, other organs--on the composition of which the party members have little or no diff--have an important say. This kind of org'al structure may easily give rise to feelings of frustration on the part of the party members & hampers their activation & participation. 2 Figures, 9 Tables. HA.

De kosten van het politieke conflict lopen klaarblijkelijk hoger op in België dan in Zwitserland maar minder hoog in België dan in Italië. Een verklaring zou kunnen gevonden worden in de politieke cultuur en structuur waarin de politieke elites van deze drie landen moeten werken.
De stijl om met conflicten om te gaan blijkt harder te zijn en de ideologische ruimte blijkt meer unidimensioneel te zijn in Italië. Op beide punten lijkt de cultuur van de Belgische en van de Zwitserse besluitvormers zich beter te lenen tot een soepele en geslaagde beheersing van conflicten.
Omtrent de politieke structuur zijn vooral de hulpmiddelen van belang die ter beschikking van de politieke elites staan om de uitdaging van de probleemelites aan te kunnen. Deze probleemelites plegen immers de conflicten aan te wakkeren die de politieke elites moeten beheren en beheersen. De uitdaging blijkt eerder sterk te zijn in België en in Italië. Maar de Belgische politici lijken weerbaarder te zijn dan hun Italiaanse collega's. Hun (relatief grotere) kracht schuilt in de veelvormigheid van hun politieke procedures, in de autonomie van hun roldefinitie, in de sterkte van hun partijorganisaties.

Bali and historical method -- Political definition: the sources of order -- Political anatomy: the internal organization of the ruling class -- Political anatomy: the village and the state -- Political statement: spectacle and ceremony -- Bali and political theory.

Publisher's description: More Americans now identify as political independents than as either Democrats or Republicans. Tired of the two-party gridlock, the pandering, and the lack of vision, they've turned in increasing numbers to independent and third-party candidates. In 1998, for the first time in decades, a third-party candidate who was not a refugee from one of the two major parties, Jesse Ventura, won election to state-wide office, as the governor of Minnesota. In 2000, the public was riveted by the Reform Party's implosion over Patrick Buchanan's presidential candidacy and by Ralph Nader's Green Party run, which infuriated many Democrats but energized hundreds of thousands of disaffected voters in stadium-sized super-rallies. What are the prospects for new third-party efforts? Combining the close-in, personal reporting and learned analysis one can only get by covering this beat for years, Micah L. Sifry's Spoiling for a Fight exposes both the unfair obstacles and the viable opportunities facing today's leading independent parties. Third- party candidates continue be denied a fighting chance by discriminatory ballot access, unequal campaign financing, winner-take-all races, and derisive media coverage. Yet, after years of grassroots organizing, third parties are making major inroads. At the local level, efforts like Chicago's New Party and New York's Working Families Party have upset urban political machines while gaining positions on county councils and school boards. Third-party activists are true believers in democracy, and if America's closed two-party system is ever to be reformed, it will be thanks to their efforts.

Maximilian Lanzinner ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 93.16479