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Polyphenols are naturally occurring micronutrients that are present in many food sources. Besides being potent antioxidants, these molecules may also possess anti-inflammatory properties. Many studies have highlighted their potential role in the prevention and treatment of various pathological conditions connected to oxidative stress and inflammation (e.g., cancer, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders). Neurodegenerative diseases are globally one of the main causes of death and represent an enormous burden in terms of human suffering, social distress, and economic costs. Recent data expanded on the initial antioxidant-based mechanism of polyphenols' action by showing that they are also able to modulate several cell-signaling pathways and mediators. The proposed benefits of polyphenols, either as protective/prophylactic substances or as therapeutic molecules, may be achieved by the consumption of a natural polyphenol-enriched diet, by their use as food supplements, or with formulations as pharmaceutical drugs/nutraceuticals. It has also been proved that the health effects of polyphenols depend on the consumed amount and their bioavailability. However, their overconsumption may raise safety concerns due to the accumulation of high levels of these molecules in the organism, particularly if we consider the loose regulatory legislation regarding the commercialization and use of food supplements. This review addresses the main beneficial effects of food polyphenols, and focuses on neuroprotection and the safety issues related to overconsumption.

Funding Information: Funding: This work was supported by FCT–Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (grants UIDB/04567/2020 and UIDP/04567/2020 to CBIOS, PTDC/BIA-MOL/31104/2017, and PhD grants 2020.07813.BD to Í.G. and 2020.04630.BD to D.C.). C.F.-P. and R.M. are funded by FCT Scientific Employment Stimulus contract with the reference numbers CEEC/CBIOS/NUT/2018 and CEEC/04567/CBIOS/2020, respectively. Authors also acknowledge COFAC/ILIND–Cooperativa De Formação E Animação Cultural CRL/Instituto Lusófono de Investigação e Desenvolvimento (grant COFAC/ILIND/CBIOS/2/2021). Authors also acknowledge the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 804229. iNOVA4Health Research Unit (LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007344), which is co-funded by FCT/Ministério da Ciência e do Ensino Superior, through national funds, and by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. ; Kidney diseases constitute a worldwide public health problem, contributing to morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to provide an overview of the published data regarding the potential beneficial effects of polyphenols on major kidney diseases, namely acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, renal cancer, and drug-induced nephrotoxicity. This study consists of a bibliographical review including in vitro and in vivo studies dealing with the effects of individual compounds. An analysis of the polyphenol metabolome in human urine was also conducted to estimate those compounds that are most likely to be responsible for the kidney protective effects of polyphenols. The biological effects of polyphenols can be highly attributed to the modulation of specific signaling cascades including those involved in oxidative stress responses, anti-inflammation processes, and apoptosis. There is increasing evidence that polyphenols afford great potential in renal disease protection. However, this evidence (especially when in vitro studies are involved) should ...

The beneficial effects of various polyphenols with plant origins on different cardiovascular-associated disorders, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2 and metabolic syndrome are well known. Recently, marine crude-drugs are emerging as potential treatments in many noncommunicable conditions, including those involving the cardiovascular system. Among the active compounds responsible for these activities, seaweed polyphenols seem to play a key role. The aim of the present review is to summarise the current knowledge about the beneficial effects reported for edible seaweed polyphenols in the amelioration of these prevalent conditions, focusing on both preclinical and clinical studies. This review will help to establish the basis for future studies in this promising field. ; This work was supported by the Junta de Andalucía (CTS 164) and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (AGL2015-67995-C3-3-R) with funds from the European Union. The CIBER-EHD is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.-- This article belongs to the Special Issue Chocolate and Cocoa in Human Health. ; Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of plant-derived food intake in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The potential bioactivity of cocoa and its polyphenolic components in modulating cardiovascular health is now being studied worldwide and continues to grow at a rapid pace. In fact, the high polyphenol content of cocoa is of particular interest from the nutritional and pharmacological viewpoints. Cocoa polyphenols are shown to possess a range of cardiovascular-protective properties, and can play a meaningful role through modulating different inflammatory markers involved in atherosclerosis. Accumulated evidence on related anti-inflammatory effects of cocoa polyphenols is summarized in the present review. © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. ; The authors are grateful for the support granted by the following Spanish government programmes: CICYT AGL2009-13906-C02-01, AGL2010-10084-E and FUN-C Food CSD2007-063 from the Ingenio-CONSOLIDER programme of the Spanish Government. The postdoctoral contract fellowship, awarded by the Ministry of Innovation and Science to Olha Khymenets and Sara Tulipani (Juan de la Cierva Program), and the predoctoral fellowships awarded by the Generalitat de Catalunya (FI-DRG) to Ximena Mora-Cubillos and Mar Garcia-Aloy are acknowledged. Mireia Urpí-Sardà and Rafael Llorach would like to thank Ramon y Cajal Program of the Spanish Ministry (MINECO) and the Fondo Social Europeo. ; We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI). ; Peer Reviewed

In dieser Dissertation werden die methodischen Probleme in der Quantifizierung sowie der ökologischen Interpretation der Rolle pflanzlicher Polyphenole untersucht, die sich auf Grund der für BEF-Studien typischen Besonderheiten ergeben. Darüber hinaus enthält diese Arbeit eine Studie zur Rolle pflanzlicher Polyphenole bei der Laubstreuzersetzung entlang eines Gradienten sekundärer Sukzession in einem subtropischen Waldsystem. Des Weiteren sind die phylogenetischen Zusammenhänge in der Entstehung der Polyphenolkonzentrationen in den Blättern von 51 Pflanzenarten Gegenstand einer dritten Studie. Zusätzlich hierzu enthält die vorliegende Dissertation ein Protokoll welches hinsichtlich der Probenentnahme sowie der Quantifizierung pflanzlicher Polyphenole im Rahmen von BEF-Studien optimiert wurde.

Polyphenols are naturally occurring micronutrients that are present in many food sources. Besides being potent antioxidants, these molecules may also possess anti-inflammatory properties. Many studies have highlighted their potential role in the prevention and treatment of various pathological conditions connected to oxidative stress and inflammation (e.g., cancer, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders). Neurodegenerative diseases are globally one of the main causes of death and represent an enormous burden in terms of human suffering, social distress, and economic costs. Recent data expanded on the initial antioxidant-based mechanism of polyphenols&rsquo ; action by showing that they are also able to modulate several cell-signaling pathways and mediators. The proposed benefits of polyphenols, either as protective/prophylactic substances or as therapeutic molecules, may be achieved by the consumption of a natural polyphenol-enriched diet, by their use as food supplements, or with formulations as pharmaceutical drugs/nutraceuticals. It has also been proved that the health effects of polyphenols depend on the consumed amount and their bioavailability. However, their overconsumption may raise safety concerns due to the accumulation of high levels of these molecules in the organism, particularly if we consider the loose regulatory legislation regarding the commercialization and use of food supplements. This review addresses the main beneficial effects of food polyphenols, and focuses on neuroprotection and the safety issues related to overconsumption.

Polyphenols are naturally occurring micronutrients that are present in many food sources. Besides being potent antioxidants, these molecules may also possess anti-inflammatory properties. Many studies have highlighted their potential role in the prevention and treatment of various pathological conditions connected to oxidative stress and inflammation (e.g., cancer, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders). Neurodegenerative diseases are globally one of the main causes of death and represent an enormous burden in terms of human suffering, social distress, and economic costs. Recent data expanded on the initial antioxidant-based mechanism of polyphenols' action by showing that they are also able to modulate several cell-signaling pathways and mediators. The proposed benefits of polyphenols, either as protective/prophylactic substances or as therapeutic molecules, may be achieved by the consumption of a natural polyphenol-enriched diet, by their use as food supplements, or with formulations as pharmaceutical drugs/nutraceuticals. It has also been proved that the health effects of polyphenols depend on the consumed amount and their bioavailability. However, their overconsumption may raise safety concerns due to the accumulation of high levels of these molecules in the organism, particularly if we consider the loose regulatory legislation regarding the commercialization and use of food supplements. This review addresses the main beneficial effects of food polyphenols, and focuses on neuroprotection and the safety issues related to overconsumption.

Piotr Orlowski,1 Magdalena Zmigrodzka,2 Emilia Tomaszewska,3 Katarzyna Ranoszek-Soliwoda,3 Beata Pajak,4 Anna Slonska,5 Joanna Cymerys,5 Grzegorz Celichowski,3 Jaroslaw Grobelny,3 Malgorzata Krzyzowska1 1Laboratory of Nanobiology and Biomaterials, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland; 2Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland; 3Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; 4Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland; 5Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-786, PolandCorrespondence: Malgorzata Krzyzowska Email krzyzowskam@yahoo.comBackground: Polyphenols possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties and have been used in the treatment of skin wounds and burns. We previously showed that tannic acid-modified AgNPs sized > 26 nm promote wound healing, while tannic acid-modified AgNPs sized 13 nm can elicit strong local inflammatory response. In this study, we tested bimetallic Au@AgNPs sized 30 nm modified with selected flavonoid and non-flavonoid compounds for wound healing applications.Methods: Bimetallic Au@AgNPs were obtained by growing an Ag layer on AuNPs and further modified with selected polyphenols. After toxicity tests and in vitro scratch assay in HaCaT cells, modified lymph node assay as well as the mouse splint wound model were further used to access the wound healing potential of selected non-toxic modifications.Results: Tannic acid, gallic acid, polydatin, resveratrol, catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate and procyanidin B2 used to modify Au@AgNPs exhibited good toxicological profiles in HaCaT cells. Au@AgNPs modified with 15 μM tannic acid, 200 μM resveratrol, 200 μM epicatechin gallate, 1000 μM gallic acid and 200 μM procyanidin B2 induced wound healing in vivo and did not lead to the local irritation or inflammation. Tannic acid-modified Au@AgNPs induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) – like re-epithelialization, while other polyphenol modifications of Au@AgNPs acted through proliferation and wound closure.Conclusion: Bimetallic Au@AgNPs can be used as a basis for modification with selected polyphenols for topical uses. In addition, we have demonstrated that particular polyphenols used to modify bimetallic nanoparticles may show different effects upon different stages of wound healing.Keywords: polyphenols, bimetallic nanoparticles, wound healing, mouse model

Most randomized clinical trials of polyphenols focus on individual foods. Nevertheless, due to their presence in many foods and in order to reflect a real situation, clinical trials based on polyphenol-rich diets are particularly important. This systematic review explores the characteristics of the polyphenol-rich diets used in intervention studies. The bibliography search for English-language scientific papers was performed in the Elsevier Scopus Database and PUBMED in March 2020, and focused on intervention studies with whole polyphenol-rich diets, establishing several exclusion criteria. In studies fulfilling the requirements, information on the design of the polyphenol-rich diet and associated polyphenol intake was extracted and compared. A total of 5 studies were selected. Among them, substantial differences were found in the design of the polyphenol-rich diets, regarding specific instructions and concerning the foods provided. Similarly, although a median daily polyphenol intake of 2,564 mg/day (17,945 mg/week) was obtained from the studies, which corresponds to a nutritional dose, intake values varied widely both for total polyphenols (the difference between studies reached threefold), and for individual polyphenol intake (for hydroxycinnamic acids, a tenfold difference was found between percentile 25 and percentile 75 values). These differences made the comparison of results difficult and may affected the observed health effects. Thus, despite the relevance of studying polyphenol-rich diets as a whole, this systematic review found substantial differences between the studies performed, making direct comparisons difficult. ; Miss Christina Gazi was the recipient of an Erasmus+grant, a programme from the European Union. ; Peer reviewed