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The legal status of polytechnic has been fundamentally changed from time to time. After the Law of National Education System Number 20/2003 and the Law of Higher Education Number 12/2012 came into effect, the polytechnic has been granted a new legal status that offers more diverse programs at various levels. Since then, polytechnic could conduct vocational diploma programs and degree programs in applied sciences from graduate to postgraduate. This legal status raises legal problems whether polytechnic is a higher education institution in vocational or applied sciences. Best education practices in some countries classify applied sciences higher education as academic education, not vocational education. This doctrinal research paper then will examine this legal problem using statute, historical and comparative approach, in the light of the Development Legal Theory. This study shows that the legal status of polytechnic is heavily dependent on government policy. In the absence of a clear and firm ground policy of vocational education, the legal status of the polytechnic has been interpreted differently from time to time. The government ought to reset the vocational education policy and then reform the law of the national education system. Therefore, the legal status of the polytechnic will be more sustainable and have better legal certainty accordingly. Regarding the recent development of higher education, it will be better if the government constitutes polytechnic as a higher education institution in applied sciences.

The study explored the various causes of conflicts in organizations. The objectives of the study was to find out the nature, types and factors that lead to staff related conflicts in organizations especially tertiary educational institutions. To achieve the objectives, researchers employed the case study approach using Takoradi Polytechnic as the case study. It also involved the use of interview and questionnaire as the data collection instruments for the study. Researchers used the purposive and simple random sampling techniques to select the respondents. A sample size of 276 out of 736 of the population was selected for the study. This constitutes (36%) of the population. The sample was made up of 109 junior staff, 96 senior staff and 71 senior members. These three groups of staff from different departments were randomly and purposively invited to participate in the study. The study would be of immense benefit to management of institutions especially educational institutions since it would inform them of possible conflict that could arise. It would also inform policy formulation and staff training and development programs. It was discovered after the study that there were various conflicts in the organization which could be grouped into intra-personal, interpersonal and inter-group conflicts. These were as a result of the competing for limited resources, power struggle, differences in behavior among others. It recommends the education of staff through workshops and seminars on the differences that leads to conflicts, provision of resources and infrastructure that could mitigate the competition of resources among others.

In Indonesian educational institutions, religious education, including Christian Religious Education, must be taught to all students and Christian students. However, most students today focus on developing scientific competencies in a particular field rather than general compulsory learning such as Christian Religious Education. The objectives include determining the significance of Christian Religious Education in universities and the role and impact of education on student life at the Manado State Polytechnic. This research concluded that Christian Religious Education must still be taught in all universities because it has a vital role in the growth of intellectual, spiritual, moral, and social students.

The study examined the determinants of Facebook usage among polytechnic students in south east of Nigeria. Specifically, the effects of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived privacy, and peer group influence on Facebook usage were examined using a sample of 3,872 regular students obtained using the Gorg and Ball 1973 formula population of 39.490 of regular programmes including the ordinary national diploma OND and higher national diploma HND in government owned polytechnics in the south east Nigeria. The Facebook Usage Questionnaire FUQ , a 5 point Likert type instrument designed for data collection, was tested reliable at 0.82 correlation coefficient. The tables and frequencies were used to analyses the characteristics of the variables while the Spearman's correlation coefficient. Was used to examine the relationship between Facebook Usage and the selected determinants. The results showed that Facebook usage and perceived usefulness has a very strong positive and significant 0.884, p. 0.001 correlation Perceived ease of use has a strong and positive significant effect Facebook usage 0.964, p. 0.000 among Polytechnic students in south east Nigeria Perceived privacy has a very strong positive and significant effect Facebook usage 0.909, p. 0.000 among Polytechnic students in south east Nigeria and that Peer group influence has a strong and positive significant effect Facebook usage 0.994, p 0.000 among Polytechnic students in south east Nigeria. The study thus concluded that Facebook is capable is controlling a high wave of consumers and can be a veritable avenue for product marketing and image making. It is therefore recommended that marketers should consider the use of Facebook as advertising channel for their products, as products that appeal from the young and student audience can be successfully marketed using the Facebook. Nwankwo Nwukamaka | Prof. I. C. Nwaizugbo "Determinants of Facebook usage among Polytechnic Students in South-East, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend ...

Presents results of an investigation into the rate of rental and capital obsolescence in the City of London office market. Using a theoretical approach based on a "vintage model" of capital investment and data from the IPD database, assesses the historic rate of obsolescence in the City and draws comparisons with previous studies, finding similar rates of rental obsolescence (1.2 per cent p.a.), but lower rates of capital obsolescence (1.6 per cent p.a.). Considers the potential for an acceleration in the rate of obsolescence resulting from the introduction of new working practices and the emergence of an endemic over‐supply in the market.