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The 1988 Rural Literacy Survey was the third literacy survey to be carried out by the Central Bureau of Statistics. The first one was undertaken 1976 while the second followed in 1980/81. The objectives of these surveys were to establish literacy levels in the country, to provide data for monitoring the impact and evaluation of efforts to eradicate illiteracy and to provide data at the district level for planning purposes. Results on literacy levels in English, Kiswahili and mother tongue are provided in the report. Data on adult education and reading habits of the rural population are also presented

"Kamandaki's Nītisāra, or The Essence of Politics, redefined the field of political thought in early medieval India and became one of the most influential works in the genre across South and Southeast Asia. It was likely written during or shortly after the Gupta Empire (c. 325-550 C.E.) and enjoyed wide popularity for nearly a millennium. An elegant introduction to the intricacies of statecraft, The Essence of Politics encompasses virtually all aspects of elite social life, making it indispensable for generals, spies, ministers, and other members of the royal court, especially poets writing about war and conquest. Addressed directly to the king, its lessons range from the finer points of military strategy and economic policy to the moral qualities of effective rulers. Kamandaki anchors political practice in intellectual and spiritual discipline. His model of leadership, based on self-control and personal cultivation, is as relevant today as it was in its own time. The Sanskrit text, presented here in the Devanagari script, accompanies a new English prose translation"--

Contributed research papers presented at a semniar held on 21-23 Feb. 2004 at Karnatak University, Dharwad