Suchergebnisse

This article describes why the Polish government has pushed for an invocation to Christian traditions in the European Union Constitution. It is ar- gued that this is a rather 'unfortunate' outcome of the political alliance between the Catholic Church and the Polish left, especially between President Alek- sander Kwas ́niewski and the Democratic Left Alliance (SLD). This alliance al- lowed the SLD to legitimize their rule in the post-socialist Poland, and it was a result of a political competition between them and the post-Solidarnos ́c ́ elites. As a result, John Paul II became the central integrative metaphor for the Polish society at large, which brought back in the marginalized as well as allowed the transition establishment to win the EU accession referendum in 2003. The arti- cle (which was written when Leszek Miller was still Prime Minister) demon- strates how this alliance crystallized and presents various elements of the cult of the Pope in Poland that followed. Finally, it argues that the worship of the Pope is not an example of nationalism, but of populism, understood not as a peripheral but as a central political force, and advocates for more research on the 'politics of emotions' at work in the centers and not in peripheries.

Zsfassung in engl. Sprache

An introduction to cultural representations of disabled people's sexuality

In the following article, I outline some of the issues and problems that one may encounter while attempting to analyse the pop/cultural representations of disabled people's sexuality. Towards this end, I employ a variety of methodological and theoretical tools, such as e.g. cultural model of disability/cultural analysis, critical theory, elements of ethnographical research and crip theory.
Keywords: sexuality, disability, culture, representations, film, cultural artefacts

The declining years of the communist regimes towards the end of the 80s as well as the on-going process of a thaw in political relations was also reflected in the Vatican's policy towards Christians in Eastern Europe. The task was not easy as the hierarchs of the Orthodox Church in Russia were afraid of ecumenical slogans propagated by the pope. They even presented their own, competitive ideas, whose aim was to discredit John Paul II's diplomatic efforts. The Pope's policy towards churches in other European countries (Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland) did not assume a common approach as the fate of Christians there was shaped independently from each other and even with certain respect granted by the Kremlin towards the uniqueness of each country. The key aspect of John Paul II's policy towards the countries of Eastern Europe was the pursuit of spiritual renewal of Christianity in the East, which was supposed to be started with the pilgrimage to the USSR (Ukraine, Moscow and Lithuania). ; The declining years of the communist regimes towards the end of the 80s as well as the on-going process of a thaw in political relations was also reflected in the Vatican's policy towards Christians in Eastern Europe. The task was not easy as the hierarchs of the Orthodox Church in Russia were afraid of ecumenical slogans propagated by the pope. They even presented their own, competitive ideas, whose aim was to discredit John Paul II's diplomatic efforts. The Pope's policy towards churches in other European countries (Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland) did not assume a common approach as the fate of Christians there was shaped independently from each other and even with certain respect granted by the Kremlin towards the uniqueness of each country. The key aspect of John Paul II's policy towards the countries of Eastern Europe was the pursuit of spiritual renewal of Christianity in the East, which was supposed to be started with the pilgrimage to the USSR (Ukraine, Moscow and Lithuania).

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie japońskiego soft power, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kultury jako jednego z czynników soft power. Japońska dyplomacja kulturalna wykorzystująca kulturę popularną jest przykładem zręcznie prowadzonej polityki międzynarodowej. Promowanie pozytywnego wizerunku państwa poprzez soft power na arenie międzynarodowej wzmacnia ekonomiczne oraz polityczne znaczenie państwa. Artykuł skupia się na dwóch kwestiach: historii japońskiego soft power oraz jego praktycznemu zastosowaniu. W podsumowaniu sugeruje się, że japoński soft power nie będzie tak znaczący z racji wzrastającego potencjału Chin.

Between 1621 and 1635, Sisigmund III Vasa and Władysław IV Vasa, in seeking finance for the wars waged and those planned, applied to the Holy See for financial aid on many occasions. Papal subsidies were sought at the time of conflicts with Turkey between 1621 and 1634, the Smolensk War, and the intended invasion of Sweden and resuming military action in 1635. The following article presents Polish diplomacy used in this matter. Simultaneously, an analysis is conducted of Pope Gregory XV's and Urban II's attitudes towards the endeavours of the Varsovian court. The article points out which trends in Polish foreign policy were attractive enough for the Roman Curia to be approved for financing by the papacy. For this purpose, the papal correspondence from the period between 1621 and 1635 was thoroughly analyzed. This allowed confirmation of the prevailing historiographic theses, as well as making new assumptions.

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie japońskiego zjawiska zwanego kawaii, cechującego się silnym oddziaływaniem na całym świecie, szczególności w rozrywce, modzie oraz popkulturze. Kawaii jest przymiotnikiem oznaczającym "uroczy", "kochany", będącym znaczącym aspektem japońskiej kultury. Różnorakie japońskie postacie będące kawaii stały się popularne. Artykuł omawia znaczenie kawaii, jego genezę oraz przyczyny popularności.

The text recalls the history of "micrological" studies at Silesian University in Katowice: the three collective volumes of Miniatury i mikrologii literackiej 2000-2003; Skala mikro w badaniach literackich (2005) and the book written by the cycle's editor, A.Nawarecki, Mały Mickiewicz (2003) as well as the monographs by J.Ryba, B.Mytych, A.Kunce, W.Bojda. 40 authors participated in the series; the idea of studies in the small, minute and despised was inspired by the masters of the "art of interpretation," I.Opacki and Cz. Zgorzelski. The Silesian school is compared with its Poznań counterpart (E.Domańska, P.Czapliński), its innovative aspects, regional and provincial roots, and initial philological impulse (Baka's "micropoetics") discussed as well as its historical, political, and religious contexts (including Pope Francis's theology emphasizing the piccolo). ; Tekst przypomina historię badań "mikrologicznych" na Uniwersytecie Śląskim w Katowicach: 3 tomy zbiorowe Miniatury i mikrologii literackiej 2000-2003; Skala mikro w badaniach literackich (2005) i książkę redaktora cyklu A. Nawareckiego Mały Mickiewicz (2003) oraz monografie J. Ryby, B. Mytych, A. Kunce, W. Bojdy. W serii uczestniczyło 40 autorów, studia nad tym, co drobne, znikome i wzgardzone patronują mistrzowie "sztuki interpretacji" I. Opacki i Cz. Zgorzelski. Szkoła śląska porównywana jest z poznańską (E. Domańska, P. Czapliński), rozważa się jej innowacyjny charakter, zakorzenienie regionalne i prowincjonalne, początkowy impuls filologiczny ("mikropoetyka" Baki) oraz konteksty historyczne, polityczne, religijne (teologia piccolo papieża Franciszka).

Artykuł przedstawia nauczanie Jana Pawła II na temat przeszkód w realizacji pokoju skierowane do dyplomatów. Papież podkreślał, że przeszkody stojące na drodze do realizacji pokoju nie mają nic ze słusznego pluralizmu idei i działań i objawiają się w bolesnych starciach pomiędzy osobami, grupami, kategoriami osób, narodami i blokami państw. Podważają godność i prawa człowieka oraz narodu. Pogłębiają one wzajemną nieufność i nienawiść, stając się wielkim niebezpieczeństwem dla utrzymania porządku na arenie międzynarodowej. Jan Paweł II, mówiąc o pokoju, zwracał uwagę, że we współczesnym świecie staje się on wartością coraz bardziej odległą, że pokój jest zagrożony wszędzie tam, gdzie duch ludzki jest gnębiony przez biedę lub krępowany przez społeczno-polityczne czy ideologiczne nakazy. ; The article presents the teaching of John Paul II on obstacles to the realization of peace addressed to diplomats. The Pope emphasized that the obstacles to the realization of peace have nothing to do with the pluralism of ideas and actions, and manifest themselves in painful clashes between people, groups, categories of people, nations and blocks of countries. They undermine the dignity and rights of man and the nation. They deepen mutual distrust and hatred, becoming a great danger to maintaining order in the international arena. John Paul II, speaking of peace, pointed out that it becomes increasingly distant in today's world. Peace is at stake wherever the human spirit is oppressed by poverty or constrained by socio-political or ideological injunctions.

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie japońskich komiksów (manga) oraz kreskówek (anime) o tematyce erotycznej zwanych hentai. W tekście omówiona zostaje geneza hentai na tle przemian historycznych, w których seksualność stanowiła znaczący motyw kształtujący rozumienie mangi oraz anime.
Zaprezentowane zostają poszczególne gatunki hentai, zawierające treści: homoseksualne (yuri, yaoi), heteroseksualne (ecchi, bakunyū/kyonyuu), dziecięce (lolicon, shotakon), BDSM (kinbari), transwestytyzm (futanari).
W podsumowaniu zostaje zwrócona uwaga na konieczność przyjęcia właściwej perspektywy umożliwiającej zrozumienie nierzadko zaskakujących przejawów japońskiej seksualności.

People's Republic of Poland – a Sketch for Reflections about the Laicization of the StateThe intention of this text was to ponder on, and attempt to resolve questions whether and to what degree did the laicization policy and atheization campaign conducted by successive political teams in Poland after the Second World War contribute to and accelerate the Dechristianization of Polish society, a process discernible also in other Europe states. What factors (political, social, economic, cultural, etc.) favoured such processes and what sort delayed or outright hampered them? What was the role performed by the Polish Episcopate and its long-term head – Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, the Primate of Poland, who intentionally did not hasten the transference onto Polish ground of the accomplishments of the Second Vatican Council? Another significant issue involved the character and intensity of the processes in question. Did they contribute to the modernization of the state and society or, on the contrary, did they conserve their former structure?The author paid considerable attention to the mutual Church–state relations in communist-ruled Poland. It cannot be said that at any time during this period did they resemble those between partners, albeit they indubitably evolved. Such transformations were the consequence of both the internal situation and changes transpiring on the international arena. The foremost premise of all vicissitudes affecting the relations between the Church and the state in post-war Poland (the election of Cardinal Karol Wojtyła as Pope, 1978) possessed both domestic and international dimensions.