Suchergebnisse

Demographic factors that threaten a given society's stability are examined along with the effects of population growth on a certain society's carrying capacity. It is contended that conflicts between neighboring ethnic groups are exasperated by the absence or inequitable distribution of available resources. After discussing the notion of carrying capacity, it is stated that population growth in the US is threatening current supplies of necessary resources & the national ecosystem. Additional effects of excessive population growth on American society include the increased stratification of social classes & the flight of certain racial groups from states with large immigrant populations. Additional effects of population growth on US democratic processes are considered. Multiple strategies for reducing the deleterious impact of continued population growth are offered, eg, allowing only 100,000 individuals to immigrate to the US per year. J. W. Parker

Das jeweilige Zusammenwirken von Bevölkerungsentwicklung und sozioökonomischer Entwicklung wird analysiert, die sich im Entwicklungsprozeß an den einzelnen Stufen anders verhalten und unterschiedlich reagieren sowie andere Verlaufsformen zeigen. Dies wird am Beispiel der Entwicklungsländer im Vergleich zu den westlichen Ländern dargestellt. (SH)

Discusses the inclusion of the voices of indigenous peoples in Guatemalan development projects, & the significance of the global indigenous rights movements. Although indigenous groups of Mayan origin were officially recognized in the 1985 Guatemalan Constitution, it is maintained that the principle of equality under the law has been used to disqualify claims to ethnic identity, & squelch Mayan proposals for unity in diversity as a key characteristic of Guatemalan society. The nature of debates over the place of ethnic minorities in development is examined, along with the historical impact of liberals, Marxists, & culturalists on Guatemalan society; the awakening of local & ethnic consciousness spawned by globalization; & globalization as an attitude. It is concluded that globalization has promoted the recognition of indigenous peoples who were once isolated from the centers of power. The impact of electronic means of information & global commercial/economic/cultural activities is discussed, along with the need for Mayans & other indigenous populations to develop new survival strategies & mechanisms for adapting to the new system. 10 References. J. Lindroth

Discusses the inclusion of the voices of indigenous peoples in Guatemalan development projects, & the significance of the global indigenous rights movements. Although indigenous groups of Mayan origin were officially recognized in the 1985 Guatemalan Constitution, it is maintained that the principle of equality under the law has been used to disqualify claims to ethnic identity, & squelch Mayan proposals for unity in diversity as a key characteristic of Guatemalan society. The nature of debates over the place of ethnic minorities in development is examined, along with the historical impact of liberals, Marxists, & culturalists on Guatemalan society; the awakening of local & ethnic consciousness spawned by globalization; & globalization as an attitude. It is concluded that globalization has promoted the recognition of indigenous peoples who were once isolated from the centers of power. The impact of electronic means of information & global commercial/economic/cultural activities is discussed, along with the need for Mayans & other indigenous populations to develop new survival strategies & mechanisms for adapting to the new system. 10 References. J. Lindroth

Der Beitrag informiert über die Geburtenentwicklung und die Familienpolitik in den Niederlanden. Die Autoren stellen im ersten Teil einige Daten zur Geburtenentwicklung nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg, zur Familienbildung und zur zukünftigen Bevölkerungsentwicklung dar. Anschließend berichten sie über die bevölkerungspolitische Diskussion in Holland und teilen die gegenwärtigen familienpolitischen Maßnahmen nach den jeweiligen Verhaltensmechanismen ein, auf denen sie beruhen. Im dritten Teil werden verschiedene Vorgehensweisen zur Messung demographischer Effekte bestimmter politischer Maßnahmen diskutiert, wobei die internationale Literatur zu diesem Thema rezipiert wird. Im vierten Teil werden Ergebnisse einer Befragung kurz dargestellt, mit deren Hilfe die Beeinflußbarkeit der generativen Entscheidungen von Personen durch mögliche staatliche politische Maßnahmen ermittelt werden sollte. Die Autoren kommen zu dem Schluß, daß in den Niederlanden eine Diskrepanz zwischen der Sorge um das niedrige Fruchtbarkeitsniveau und der praktizierten Familienpolitik besteht und kritisieren die Annahme, daß die Bevölkerungsentwicklung durch eine unsichtbare Hand gesteuert wird. (PF)

Examines the impact of international nongovernmental organization (INGO) conferences & discourse on the shift from the 19th-century view of population growth as essential for national strength, to the postwar position that population control is crucial for economic development. The changing content, increasing density, & global diffusion of population-control discourse/activity are traced, arguing that INGOs not only promoted the conceptual shift, but were instrumental in the establishment of state population-control policies. Emergence of a connection between national well-being & population control is examined in light of previous failures to establish such a link, suggesting that changes in discourse coincided with changes in the global institutional environment. While pronatalism (promoting population growth for national power) was dominant during the imperialistic, pre-WWI period, eugenics (encouraging population management for national purity) burgeoned during the nationalist interwar period. Neo-Malthusianism, linking population control with national/individual enhancement, has dominated in the recent nation-state period. It is concluded that, while the world polity influences population density, population-control global discourse creates a policy model for states. 3 Tables, 3 Figures. J. Lindroth

Explores how assumptions about the relationship between reproductive patterns & development in the Third World -- ie, the notion that population reduction is necessary to economic development -- have caused many international development programs in these countries to focus on women. An analysis of the international development discourse reveals how development & population policies covertly work to keep women repressed through denial of choices over fertility. An acute contradiction arises in that increased economic activities at the household level often create the perception that more children are needed to help out, while women's increased participation in work outside the home restricts the time available to care for their children. Several structural adjustment programs initiated by the World Bank are examined, along with ways in which women have actively begun to resist such efforts & fight for both their productive & reproductive rights at the grassroots level. 69 References. K. Hyatt Stewart

Explores how assumptions about the relationship between reproductive patterns & development in the Third World -- ie, the notion that population reduction is necessary to economic development -- have caused many international development programs in these countries to focus on women. An analysis of the international development discourse reveals how development & population policies covertly work to keep women repressed through denial of choices over fertility. An acute contradiction arises in that increased economic activities at the household level often create the perception that more children are needed to help out, while women's increased participation in work outside the home restricts the time available to care for their children. Several structural adjustment programs initiated by the World Bank are examined, along with ways in which women have actively begun to resist such efforts & fight for both their productive & reproductive rights at the grassroots level. 69 References. K. Hyatt Stewart

Bogardus' concept of social distance is used to examine the position of Russian minorities vis-a-vis the titular populations in the former Soviet republics of Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, & Kazakhstan. Maintaining social distance from outgroups is defined as aversive prejudice, ie, simply avoiding contact with outgroup members in the everyday life of workplaces, schools, neighborhoods, & social circles. Analysis of survey data (a total of 2,886 respondents) revealed significant variation among the five republics, with the greatest social distance exhibited in Moldova & the least in Georgia. Social & economic factors affecting the degree of social distance are delineated & the results tabulated. Generally speaking, greater ethnic competition was associated with higher levels of social distance. However, in Georgia, whose economic situation was the worst, there was greater social cohesion, rather than the aversive prejudice one might expect because of competition for scarce resources. Tables. J. Stanton