Suchergebnisse

This paper aims to present a history of the Portuguese political poster in two key moments of twentieth century Portuguese politics, the moment of the establishment of the 'Estado Novo' (or New State) i.e., Salazar's authoritarian and quasi-fascist dictatorship which ran from 1933- 1974, and the period of the Revolution of April 25 of 1974, which overthrew the previous regime. The two distinct ideologies give rise to two contrasting modes of visual discourse. This is particularly evident in posters made in the two revolutionary moments (1933-1938 and 1974-76). These reveal ruptures in relation to the visual discourses of posters made in the periods before and after these dates. The paper shows how the posters offer a particular kind of lens on the two contrasting revolutionary moments; a way of looking at how the two revolutions attempted to communicate to and connect with the Portuguese people in whose name and one whose behalf—ostensibly in the first case, substantively in the second—the revolutions were undertaken. In terms of the understanding of activism and revolutionary graphics a contribution is made to understanding how revolutions of left and right contrastingly 2 present themselves—and how, through the use of poster, they evoke or extol particular kinds of political subjects and political orders.

Taking as a study case the work developed by the designer Thomaz de Mello / TOM (1906-1990), it will be considered the intimate relationship between the design, political power and its ideological implications. Analyzing five study cases where the design is used as an ideological propagation of the portuguese dictatorial regime of "Estado Novo" (1933-1974), it will be seeked an understanding about how this took particularly importance on the modern speech of the portuguese design. Thomaz de Mello was born in Rio de Janeiro. Brazil, and soon started to work as a typography apprentice, ln 1926 he arrives to Portugal, in tour to work with the National Theater D. Maria ll working as a choreographer and collaborator to this theater company.

SFRH/BD/93006/2013 ; In Portugal, the political regime resulting from the 1926 military coup – led almost throughout by António de Oliveira Salazar (1889–1970) – was known as Estado Novo. One of its main features was a policy of promoting architectural works and basic infrastructure in the country through the centralised organisation of services and a strict definition of procedures. In 1929, even before the creation of the Ministry of Public Works some three years later, the Directorate-General of Buildings and National Monuments (Direcção-Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais – DGEMN) was set up, an institution responsible for the planning and construction of public service buildings and the maintenance and conservation of Portugal's national monuments. In 1940, the intentions that motivated the DGEMN were replicated in the realm of furniture, with the creation of the Furniture Acquisition Commission (Comissão para Aquisição de Mobiliário - CAM), which remained active until 1980. As laid down by the law that created the commission (Decree-Law no. 30.359), the work of the CAM was to focus on 'studies and the acquisition of furniture for the State's buildings that are to be newly created, and others that have undergone radical alterations or extension works', with the aim of ensuring 'harmony between the furniture used and the architectural language of these buildings' to ensure the adoption of common principles', and to ensure 'the appropriate technical management and controls'. ; publishersversion ; published

We acknowledge insightful comments by two anonymous referees. Financial support of POCTI/EGE/58934/2004 (Pedro P. Barros) and the Barcelona Economics Program of CREA and projects 2005SGR-00836, SEJ2006-00538-ECON, and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (Xavier Martinez-Giralt) is gratefully acknowledged. The usual disclaimer applies. ; Altres ajuts: POCTI/EGE/58934/2004 ; Recently the Portuguese Government announced the launching of public-private partnerships (PPPs) to build hospitals with the distinctive feature that infrastructure construction and clinical activities management will be awarded to separate private parties. Also, one of the parties will be in charge of providing soft facilities. We explore alternative configurations of contracts and assess whether the equilibrium allocations attain the first-best solution.

Leather shoes are the main category of footwear products done in Portugal, representing around 75% of all products in this industrial sector. The wastes produce by the footwear industry are very aggressive for the environment and requires new approaches from all stakeholders, including sectorial organizations and politicians. This exploratory research will be done using data from the sectorial organizations APICCAPS and CTCP, data from the National Agency for Environment and also from a field research (cases of Portuguese footwear companies). If the footwear companies will perceive the competitive advantages of being "green", then they will incorporate the design principles and they will make the sustainability be an essential part of their strategies, including new approaches according the four R's: Reduce; Reuse; Recycle and Re-thinking or (Re)Design. This is something very important, mainly when the footwear companies are dealing with more conscious consumers and with the new environmental requirements. ; This work is financed by FEDER funds through the Competitivity Factors Operational Programme - COMPETE and by national funds through FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology within the scope of the project POCI01-0145-FEDER-007136. ...

Maintenance of ancient road and railway metallic bridges has become a major concern for governmental agencies in the past few decades. Indeed, since the construction of these structures, between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, traffic conditions have evolved, both in weight and frequency. In the purpose to assess the remaining life of old metallic bridges, some critical structural details have been identified and associated to S-N curves in order to be used in damage estimation (using Palmgren-Miner's rule for cumulative damage, for example). These constructional details are described by design rules of several European and North American standards, such as the Eurocode 3, BS 5400 and AASHTO standards. The particularity of ancient bridges is that hot riveted assemblies, commonly used for their construction, are not represented in most construction standards. Further experiences on the matter by numerous research teams have suggested detail category C71 from the Eurocode 3 as appropriate. In this paper, experimental data from double shear assemblies manufactures from three different metallic ancient bridges is used to identify, through a statistical analysis, the S-N curves that best fit this constructional detail. Portuguese and French puddled iron bridges were considered. ; The authors of this paper thank the National Society of French Railways and the SciTech - Science and Technology for Competitive and Sustainable Industries, R&D project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000022 cofinanced by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte ("NORTE2020"), through Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) for their collaboration and support during this research works. The authors also acknowledge the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) for the financial support through the post-doctoral grant ...

This paper presents the acoustical characterization of the main reading room of 28 public li-braries in Portugal. In situ measurements were held regarding the interior sound pressure lev-els (background noise, with and without the HVAC equipment working), the Noise Criteria and Noise Rating values (NC/NR), the objective speech intelligibility using the Rapid Speech Transmission Index (RASTI) and Reverberation Time (125 to 4k Hz). Two groups of librar-ies were formed (Classic and Modern libraries) regarding their interior layout and date of construction and differences were checked. Regression models among the architectural and acoustical parameters were established. The acoustical performance of these spaces concern-ing the current Portuguese legislation is analyzed and a short set of design goals are presented to help acoustical consultants to achieve a good environment in this type of building.

The Cistercian Order (11th century) stands out as an apologist of the simplicity and austerity of the space. According to the Order of Cîteaux, only with an austere space, without any distractions, the true spiritual contemplation is achieved. This Order was an aggregator and consolidator pole during the Christian Reconquest. Thus, as it happens with other Religious Orders, Cîteaux has a vast heritage legacy. This heritage is witness, not only of the historical, but also social, political, and spiritual evolution. This legacy resumes the key principles to an austere liturgy, which requirements, in the beginning, are based on the simplicity of worship and of the connection between man and God. Later, these requirements allowed the development of the liturgy itself and its relation with the believers. Consequently, it can be concisely established an empirical approach between the Cistercian churches and the acoustics conditioning of these spaces. This outcome is fundamental in order to understand the connection between liturgy and the conception of the Cistercian churches as well as the constructed space and its history. So, an analysis of these principles is essential to establish the relation between acoustic and religious buildings design throughout history. It is also a mean of understanding the knowledge of acoustics principles that the Cistercian Order bequeathed to Portugal. This paper presents an empirical approach on Cistercian monastic churches acoustics. These spaces are the place where the greatest acoustic efforts are concentrated and it is also the space where the liturgy reaches greater importance. On the other hand, Portugal is a country which has an important Cistercian legacy over several periods of history. Consequently, the portuguese Cistercian monastic churches are representative of the development of the liturgy, the design of spaces and of the acoustic requirements of their churches since the 12th century until the 21st century and it is of great importance to implement this study. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The paper presents a risk assessment methodology for operational limit states of submarine outfall projects that considers: the intrinsic nature of the structure, the environmental legislative framework, the climate agents acting on the coastline and prediction of the plume long-term behavior near the coastline, together with the empirical orthogonal functions analysis. The probability of operational failure or stoppage is assessed enabling decision on project design alternatives. ; 7 ; 3 ; 11p ; DHA/NPE ; 2013 ; 4 a 7 de Junho

Purpose
This paper aims to outline the scientific production in Portuguese universities in environmental education (EE) and education for sustainable development (ESD). It takes doctoral theses presented in public universities as reference, assuming that, in Higher Education, the production of doctoral theses is a key beacon of the scientific development in academic fields of knowledge.


Design/methodology/approach
The theses selected were subject to documentary and content analyses.


Findings
The results allow the identification of research trends and the recognition of detached aspects, such as the influence of the UN Decade of ESD in the research themes and the clear preponderance of a qualitative-led research tradition.


Originality/value
This paper provides an original and extensive review of PhD studies on EE and ESD in Portuguese public universities.

PurposeThis work draws on important issues that are related to all socio‐economic agents. We refer to Sustainability, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Socially Responsible Investments (SRIs), arguing on the clear benefits they provide to companies and financial institutions. The main empirical objective of this work is to show a theoretical framework for the existence and supply of non‐financial information on financial products by financial institutions in the Portuguese Investment Market (comprising of Banks and Fund and Investment Companies – FIMCs).Design/methodology/approachOverall, 55 Banks and 41 FIMCs, were analysed, totalling 96 observations for analysis. The paper studies the supply of non‐financial information (i.e. social and environmental information) regarding the financial products in the Portuguese investment market (comprising of Banks and Fund and Investment Management Companies). Through surveys' analysis, which were sent to 96 of these financial institutions, we conclude that the supply of these informations' sets is practically inexistent.FindingsOverall, the conclusions point to the fact that financial institutions surveyed are very much behind in this new framework and related tools, when considering similar financial institutions outside Portugal. There are some institutions that do provide, but when compared to other European and non‐European countries, the discrepancy is huge. It is concluded that much needs to be done in this field, starting with a clear definition of the benefits and costs of providing non‐financial information.Originality/valueAt the academic level, the authors have not found any good study neither on CSR nor on SRIs done by Portuguese researchers nor on its Market. A priori the authors felt that the Portuguese Banks and The Fund and Investment Management Companies were not committed to Sustainability issues, because they believe that for these business agents, Sustainable Development still means, Environmentalism. Through this study the authors seek to provide an image of how the Investment Market is to regards to Sustainable issues, in Portugal, and thus help financial institutions and economic agents (e.g. bank managers, portfolio managers, among others) to know more about these issues that are important to any company.