Suchergebnisse

Luigi Caranti, Kant's Political Legacy: Human Rights, Peace, Progress, Cardiff, University of Wales Press, 2017

In the early nineties in Argentina, rail passenger transport services in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires were transferred to private operators for operation under the comprehensive concession model. The unviability of the model was discovered when the Railway Emergency was declared at the end of 2002. From various places of political and economic establishment, it was argued that the profound deterioration in services was the result of the State's inability to maintain the subsidy scheme envisaged for its operation. However, that approach ignored the fact that that deterioration reflected the existence of a set of conditions which led to the creation of a privileged area of accumulation in the sector. From 2003 onwards, progress has been made in a rethink of relations between the State and privatised companies, and as regards urban trains, some changes have been made to the way in which they are provided. This work analyses changes and continuities in the way the provision of AMBA rail passenger services is organised socially between 1990 and 2010, looking at the extent to which these changes have reversed the more regressive features of the previous phase. ; Para acceder al Artículo utilice el link: http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/rtt/article/view/660 ; In the early nineties in Argentina, rail passenger transport services in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires were transferred to private operators for operation under the comprehensive concession model. The unviability of the model was discovered when the Railway Emergency was declared at the end of 2002. From various places of political and economic establishment, it was argued that the profound deterioration in services was the result of the State's inability to maintain the subsidy scheme envisaged for its operation. However, that approach ignored the fact that that deterioration reflected the existence of a set of conditions which led to the creation of a privileged area of accumulation in the sector. From 2003 onwards, progress has ...

7 pages The precautionary principle makes it necessary to avoid the use of technologies which are known to entail proven risks. The difficulty of assessing risks and building a public policy on technological progress is illustrated by recent trials on the establishment of mobile telephone antennas. Examination of foreign legislation shows how neighbouring countries have been able to provide different answers and thus answer the questions raised by their populations. ; 7 pages Le principe de précaution impose d'éviter le recours à des technologies dont on sait qu'elles comportent des risques avérés. La difficulté d'évaluer les risques et de construire une politique publique en matière de progrès technologique est illustrée par les récents procès sur l'implantation d'antennes de téléphonie mobile. L'examen des législations étrangères montre comment des Etats voisins ont pu apporter des réponses différentes et ainsi répondre aux interrogations de leurs populations.

Social Economy Measurement and Statistics: progress and challenges ; Medición y Estadísticas de la economía social: avance y retos

Summary The discussion on the fundamentals that legitimise intellectual property often focuses on two main approaches: iusnaturalists and utilitarists. The former argue that it is possible to justify ownership of intellectual creation by relying on John Locke's liberal property theory. The latter converge around the so-called "progress clause" and the incentive argument. This work analyses whether or not intellectual property can be justified on the basis of such approaches, concluding that, given the paradoxes identified, these are insufficient. ; Resumen La discusión sobre los fundamentos que legitiman la propiedad intelectual se suele centrar alrededor de dos grandes planteamientos: iusnaturalistas y utilitaristas. Los primeros sostienen que es posible justificar la propiedad sobre la creación intelectual recurriendo a la teoría liberal de la propiedad formulada por John Locke. Los segundos convergen en torno a la llamada "cláusula del progreso" y el argumento de los incentivos. En este trabajo se analiza si es posible o no justificar la propiedad intelectual sobre la base de dichos planteamientos, concluyendo que, dadas las paradojas identificadas, éstos resultan insuficientes.

Summary taking into account that there are currently no qualitative indicators to assess the performance of Mexican legislators, this article proposes a Parliamentary Participation Score (SPP). This is a weighted multi-factor instrument that considers three substantive actions in the behaviour of Members: (a) the presentation of initiatives (measuring their relevance and transit through the legislative process); (b) the promotion of agreement points (and their progress on the congressional route); (c) effective attendance at plenary sessions. ; Resumen Tomando en consideración que actualmente no existen indicadores cualitativos para evaluar el desempeño de los legisladores mexicanos, este artículo propone un Score de Participación Parlamentaria (SPP). Se trata de un instrumento multifactorial ponderado que considera tres acciones sustantivas en el comportamiento de los congresistas: a) la presentación de iniciativas (midiendo su relevancia y tránsito por el proceso legislativo); b) la promoción de puntos de acuerdo (y su avance en el trayecto congresional); c) la asistencia efectiva a sesiones de Pleno.

893 906 162 4 ; S ; An unsteady flamelet/progress variable (UFPV) approach is used to model a lifted H2/N2 flame in a RANS framework together with presumed PDF. We solve the unsteady flamelets both in physical space and in mixture fraction space. We show that in the former case, the scalar dissipation rate profile strongly varies in time (while it is assumed to be fixed in time in the latter). However, this does not result in significant qualitative differences in the corresponding flamelet libraries. The progress variable is carefully defined, including both the main combustion product (H2O) and a key radical species in ignition process (HO2). The presumed-PDF model is proposed in terms of the non-normalised progress variable, without assuming its statistical independence with mixture fraction. We introduce a modelled transport equation for the mean progress variable which is consistent with the basic underlying UFPV assumption, derived from the Lagrangian flamelet model. The influence of different model parameters on the results for the mean temperature and mean species mass fractions and their fluctuations is discussed. Good results are obtained for the conditions of the considered lifted flame where detailed experimental data is available. However, at low coflow temperature the modelled flame lift-off height is shorter than expected. This work is supported by the Comunidad de Madrid through Project HYSYCOMB P2009/ENE-1597 and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under Projects ENE2008-06515-004-02 and CSD2010-00011. This research was also partially supported by the Generalitat Valenciana inside the program Ajudes per a la realitzacio de projectes d'I+D per a grups de investigaclel emergent (Reference GV/2013/041), which is gratefully acknowledged. Naud, B.; Novella Rosa, R.; Pastor Enguídanos, JM.; Winklinger, JF. (2015). RANS modelling of a lifted H2/N2 flame using an unsteady flamelet progress variable approach with presumed PDF. Combustion and Flame. 162(4):893-906. ...

Progress made in malaria control during the past decade has prompted increasing global dialogue on malaria elimination and eradication. The product development pipeline for malaria has never been stronger, with promising new tools to detect, treat, and prevent malaria, including innovative diagnostics, medicines, vaccines, vector control products, and improved mechanisms for surveillance and response. There are at least 25 projects in the global malaria vaccine pipeline, as well as 47 medicines and 13 vector control products. In addition, there are several next-generation diagnostic tools and reference methods currently in development, with many expected to be introduced in the next decade. The development and adoption of these tools, bolstered by strategies that ensure rapid uptake in target populations, intensified mechanisms for information management, surveillance, and response, and continued financial and political commitment are all essential to achieving global eradication.

International audience The danger of deflation has been rather frequently mentioned recently among numerous concerns over the European and partly American economies. Analysts cite the Japanese economy which has been suffering from deflation for the last two decades despite the large investments in economy and the government's efforts to increase inflation. Similarly, notwithstanding many trillions of dollars, euro, pounds and yen that were invested in economies over the past few years, the inflation in the Western countries still remains low. On the whole, there are reasons to maintain that European countries suffer from 'the Japanese disease', and this disease can progress or even become chronic. The USA, although to a lesser extent, has the signs of the disease as well. As a result, the financial infusions can become permanent, as it happened in Japan. The present paper defines the reasons of the problem, explains the irregularity of the inflation-deflation processes in the world and also offers some forecasts.

This symposium was intended to support the progress of French public action in the areas of reducing natural hazards and adapting to climate change on coastal areas. In doing so, it relied both on communications from researchers proposing an up-to-date state of scientific knowledge at the time when volume 2 of the 5th IPCC report was made public, and on interventions by actors demonstrating their own experience. The confrontation between the spheres of science and action, both public and private, needed to ensure the progress of research and public decision-making was organised through plenary sessions and round tables, which allowed debate on the key issues facing our society today. ; Ce colloque-débat avait vocation à soutenir les progrès de l'action publique française dans les domaines de la réduction des risques naturels et de l'adaptation au changement climatique sur les littoraux. Pour cela, il s'est appuyé à la fois sur des communications de chercheurs proposant un état actualisé des connaissances scientifiques au moment où le volume 2 du 5ème rapport du GIEC était rendu public, et sur des interventions d'acteurs témoignant de leur propre expérience. La confrontation des sphères de la science et de l'action, publique comme privée, nécessaire pour assurer les progrès de la recherche comme de la décision publique, a été organisée à travers des séances plénières et des tables rondes qui ont permis de mettre en débat les questions clés auxquelles est aujourd'hui confrontée notre société.

HIGHLIGHT this article aims to investigate the trajectories of trans migrants in Chile, as well as around their resilience strategies. He addressed the experiences of trans migrants/refugees in Chile and made visible the effects of the combination of xenophobic, cisnormal-social discrimination. It also highlights transphobic scenarios as a factor in expulsion from countries. In the conclusions, the analysis makes it possible to visualise tensions in the life paths of transgender migrants, such as those relating to progress on current institutional and transphobic violence on a daily basis at Latin American level. ; RESUMEN Este artículo tiene por objetivo indagar en torno a las trayectorias de personas migrantes trans en Chile, como también alrededor de sus estrategias de resistencia. Aborda las experiencias de personas trans migrantes/refugiadas en Chile y visibiliza los efectos de la conjunción entre las discriminaciones xenofóbica, cisnormativa y socieconómica. Asimismo, destaca los escenarios transfóbicos como factor de expulsión de los países. En las conclusiones, el análisis permite visualizar las tensiones en las trayectorias de vida de las personas migrantes transgénero, como las referidas a los avances en torno a la actual violencia institucional y transfóbica cotidiana, a nivel latinoamericano.

After four years of fierce debate, the EU directive on copyright in the digital single market was finally adopted in April 2019. The legislative text aims at adapting copyright to the digital world, remedying to some gaps and uncompensated uses of works and other subject matter and enhancing some valuable uses through new or reaffirmed exceptions. Two provisions have been particularly contested. The article 15 creates a new IP right benefitting press publishers in their online news in an attempt to force Google News and similar platforms to remunerate their use. The article 17 requires video sharing platforms, such as YouTube, to get a license for any copyrighted content uploaded by their users or, by default, to filter such content when requested by rights owners. But the directive has much more to offer and pursues an ambitious agenda, beyond its incompleteness, inconsistencies and defaults. More fundamentally, this directive marks the transition of the EU intervention mostly to harmonise existing national rules and to strengthen the rights of its creative sector, towards a genuine regulatory actor that purports to better organise a thriving European market and a fair society for creations, culture and information. It remains to be seen if the measures laid down by the directive are fit for that purpose. This paper analyses all articles of the directive in three parts: (1) the adaptation of exceptions to better satisfy digital needs, including the new exception for text and data mining; (2) the provisions aiming at enhancing an EU-wide access to creative content; and finally, (3) the provisions pursuing a well-functioning marketplace for copyright, that aims at restoring (perceived) failures or unfairness of current balances between the different stakeholders. This last part contains the most contentious provisions of the directive, i.e. the news publishers' right and the new liability regime of video sharing platforms, but also it most promising ones related to a better contractual protection of authors and ...

13 21 63 ; S ; [EN] The dispersion diagram of infinite periodic structures is useful for the practical design of waveguide filters. Starting from the dispersion diagram of a unit cell, it is possible to generate a finite structure with very similar pass- and stop-bands (gaps). However, truncation of the infinite periodic structure degrades the pass-band performance. In this paper, these impairments are overcome by means of suitable waveguide tapers matching the impedance of the periodic structure to the access ports. As a result, the design of practical low-pass filters, derived from passive structures based on Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) waveguides periodically loaded with metal ridges, is successfully addressed. According to this procedure, a five-order and an eight-order EBG low-pass filters are obtained after an optimization step. Measurements of a manufactured prototype fully validate the proposed approach. This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Spanish Government, under the R&D projects TEC2013-47037-C5-1-R and TEC2013-47037-C5-4-R. The authors would like to thank ITACA (Instituto de Aplicaciones de las Tecnologías y de las Comunicaciones Avanzadas), from Technical University of Valencia (Valencia, Spain), for their support in the accurate manufacturing of the low-pass filter prototype Marini, S.; Soto Pacheco, P.; Coves, A.; Gimeno Martinez, B.; Boria Esbert, VE. (2016). Practical Design of Filters Using EBG Waveguides Periodically Loaded with Metal Ridges. Progress in ElectromagneticsResearch C. Pier C. 63:13-21. https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERC15111603

'jats:p'La electronic dialogue platform 'jats:italic'e-dialogue'/ jats:italic'constitue an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary discussion space that promotes knowledge sharing and transfer. It was developed in 2001 with the aim of exploring the potential of the Internet to mobilise various groups and gather a multitude of views so that a substantive dialogue can take place. The platform in question is a system of online textual conversations. With the help of the Newell & l Technique Dale de Modélisation des Conversations (TNDMC), we analysed over 45 online dialogues from 2001 to 2013. The dialogues covered topics such as urban infrastructure, nuclear waste management, the green economy — including the role of young people in relation to sustainability initiatives — climate change innovations, redefinition of growth and progress in modern times, and other topics on measures to foster a sustainable future. ; La plate-forme de dialogue électronique e-dialogue constitue un espace de discussion interdisciplinaire et transdisciplinaire qui promeut un partage et un transfert de connaissances. Elle a été élaborée en 2001 dans le but d'explorer le potentiel d'Internet pour mobiliser divers groupes et réunir une multitude de points de vue afin qu'un dialogue de fond puisse avoir lieu. La plate-forme en question est un système de conversations textuelles en ligne. À l'aide de la Technique Newell & Dale de Modélisation des Conversations (TNDMC), nous avons analysé plus de 45 dialogues en ligne, de 2001 à 2013. Les dialogues ont porté sur des sujets tels que l'infrastructure urbaine, la gestion des déchets nucléaires, l'économie verte – y compris le rôle des jeunes relativement aux initiatives portant sur la durabilité –, les innovations en matière de changement climatique, la redéfinition de la croissance et du progrès dans les temps modernes, et d'autres sujets portant sur les mesures à prendre pour favoriser un avenir durable.

Summary The forest fires of 2017 caused significant damage to the Maule Region, and forced a new process of reconstruction in the rural areas already affected by the earthquake in 2010. This article provides a comparative analysis of the technical and political logic of rebuilding rural housing in both processes. A qualitative methodology was used, carrying out 15 interviews and a focus group with key actors, as well as analysing secondary information to characterise the impacts and housing policy instruments applied. The results reflect the diversity of approaches used to rebuild. On the one hand, significant progress has been noted, such as the alignment of technical regulations and instruments (subsidies), greater openness to participatory processes, planning carried out by the State, and monitoring of the voluntary nature of private groups. On the other hand, there are outstanding challenges in the area of institutional structure, relations between relevant actors and Community involvement. However, in the post-forest fire reconstruction process, a state has a greater role to play in coordinating the actors involved and in supporting communities. ; Resumen Los incendios forestales del 2017 ocasionaron importantes daños en la Región del Maule, y obligaron a un nuevo proceso de reconstrucción en las zonas rurales que ya habían sido afectadas por el terremoto del 2010. Este artículo realiza un análisis comparativo de la lógica técnico-política de reconstrucción de viviendas rurales de ambos procesos. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, realizando 15 entrevistas y un focus group con actores claves, además de analizar información secundaria para caracterizar los impactos y los instrumentos de política habitacional aplicados. Los resultados dan cuenta de la diversidad de enfoques utilizados para reconstruir. Por un lado, se advierten importantes avances, como la adecuación de las normativas técnicas y los instrumentos (subsidios), una mayor apertura a los procesos participativos, una planificación realizada ...