Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- Notes on contributors -- Map -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. Victims and agents: gender in post-Soviet states -- Gender and transition to what? -- Victims or agents of power? -- Generalisation and difference -- Chapter breakdown and organisation -- Conclusion -- PART I: WOMEN IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION -- Economy -- 2. Do Russian women want to work? -- Does unemployment have a 'female face'? -- Women and work -- Will women be forced out of work in the future? -- Conclusion -- 3. Rural women and the impact of economic change -- Market reforms and agricultural reorganisation -- The new peasant farmers: 'masters' of the land? -- Women on the former state and collective farms -- Unemployment and poverty: a female problem -- The private plots: is the future female? -- 4. Women and the culture of entrepreneurship -- Introduction -- The picture from above: imposing a tradition of market and capitalism in Russia -- The picture from below: women invent a tradition of proto entrepreneurialism -- Za dushoi (for the soul): or the de-contamination of capitalism -- Dividing lines: survival or livelihood? -- Conclusion -- Society -- 5. Images of an ideal woman: perceptions of Russian womanhood through the media, education and women's own eyes -- Public images for political ideals -- The essential woman -- Beauty not brains -- Girls should be girls -- 'The better half of humanity' -- 'Guardians of the family hearth' -- Finding one's 'other half -- Motherhood: every woman's highest calling? -- To work or not to work? -- Mass-produced matryoshki or individual women? -- 6. 'She was asking for it': rape and domestic violence against women -- The historical background: rape, male violence and gender differentiation in Soviet and post-Soviet Russia -- Russian writings on rape

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Figures -- Table -- Notes on Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Constructing Soviet and post-Soviet sexualities -- Introduction -- Constructing Soviet sexualities -- Constructing post-Soviet sexualities -- Notes -- References -- 2 'Why are we the people we are?' Early Soviet homosexuals from the first-person perspective: new sources on the history of homosexual identities in Russia -- Anonymous voices: the dominant discourses -- From decriminalisation to self-advocacy and back -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 3 Between the labour camp and the clinic: tema or the shared forms of late Soviet homosexual subjectivities -- Concepts and methods -- Stigmatisation and the production of shared subjectivities -- Soviet homosexual subjectivities centred on language, irony and solidarity -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 4 Soviet legal and criminological debates on the decriminalisation of homosexuality (1965-1975) -- The Soviet anti-sodomy law and Khrushchev's de-Stalinisation -- The Latvian case: attempts to criminalise lesbian sexual activity -- The legal argument for decriminalisation -- The MVD's objections to decriminalisation -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 5 A Cold War for the twenty-first century: Homosexualism vs. Heterosexualism -- Introduction -- Homosexualism -- Heterosexualism -- Boomerang -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 6 'That's not the only reason we love him': Chaikovsky reception in post-Soviet Russia -- Soviet nostalgia and post-Soviet erasure -- Chaikovsky on the Russian Internet: site of resistance or echo chamber? -- The uses of queer biography -- Notes -- References

Post-Soviet nostalgia, generally understood as a sentimental longing forthe Soviet past, has penetrated deep into many branches of Russian popular culture in the post-1989 period. The present study investigates how the Soviet past has been mediated in the period between 1991 and 2012 as one element of a prominent structure of feeling in present-day Russian culture. The Soviet past is represented through different mediating arenas – cultural domains and communicative platforms in which meanings are created and circulated. The mediating arenas examined in this study include television, the Internet, fashion, restaurants, museums and theatre. The study of these arenas has identified common ingredients which are elements of a structure of feeling of the period in question. At the same time, the research shows that the representations of the past vary with the nature of the medium and the genre. The analysis of mediations of the Soviet past in Russian contemporary culture reveals that there has been a change in the representations of the Soviet past during the past twenty years, which roughly correspond to the two decades marked by the presidencies of Boris Yeltsin in the 1990s and of Vladimir Putin in the 2000s (including Dmitrii Medvedev's term, 2008–2012). The critical and reflective component that was present in representations of the Soviet past in the 1990s has slowly faded away, making room first for more commercial and then for political exploitations of the past. Building on Svetlana Boym's conceptual framework of reflective and restorative nostalgia, the present study provides an illustration of how reflective nostalgia is being gradually supplanted by restorative nostalgia. Academic research has provided many definitions of nostalgia, from strictly medical explanations to more psychological and socio-cultural perspectives. The present study offers examples of how nostalgia functions as a label in ascribing political and cultural identities to oneself and to others, creating confusion about the term and about what and who can rightly be called nostalgic.

Since the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, questions of identity have dominated the culture not only of Russia, but of all the countries of the former Soviet bloc. This timely collection examines the ways in which cultural activities such as fiction, TV, cinema, architecture and exhibitions have addressed these questions and also describes other cultural flashpoints, from attitudes to language to the use of passports. It discusses definitions of political and cultural nationalism, as well as the myths, institutions and practices that moulded and expressed national identity. From post-Soviet recollections of food shortages to the attempts by officials to control popular religion, it analyses a variety of unexpected and compelling topics to offer fresh insights about this key area of world culture. Illustrated with numerous photographs, it presents the results of recent research in an accessible and lively way.

Presented at the ICMME (International Conference on Multilingualism and Multilingual Education) May 2017 in Braga, Portugal. The spread of foreign languages and local people's motivation and resistance to learn them are not new phenomena in Uzbekistan. In fact, as a result of various political, social, and economic changes, the language reform in Uzbekistan has gone through several major changes within the last hundred years, including Romanization of Arabic-based alphabet in 1923 (Mehmet, 2009), dissemination of the Russian language in the Uzbek lexicon in the early 1900s (Fierman, 1991), adoption of the Cyrillic script in 1940, replacement of the Cyrillic alphabet with modified Latin script in 1993, disempowerment of the Russian language after the collapse of the Soviet Union (Hasanova, 2007), and the wide spread of the English language in the educational system in the late 1990s. This study, the first of its kind, uses qualitative methods to investigate the linguistic landscape of pre and post Soviet Uzbekistan. The study specifically examines the social, political, and educational contexts to illustrate the rise and fall of the Russian, Uzbek, and English languages before and after Uzbekistan declared its independence. The study also looks into local people's attitude toward Uzbek, Russian, and English languages after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The study was specifically provoked by the linguistic chaos that happened in formerly Soviet republics, including Uzbekistan, in the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union. With the downfall of the Iron Curtain in 1991, Russian, the lingua franca of the Soviet people and one of the dominant languages of the 20th century lost its influence and status as the language of power and prestige, and Uzbek, the abandoned language with ambiguous role during the soviet time became the one and only official language of power and politics. Moreover, English, once considered the language of western capitalism and bourgeoisie (Dushku, 1998) became the most popular foreign language in the educational sectors. References Dushku, Silvana. 1998. 'English in Albania: Contact and convergence.' In World Englishes 17(3), pp. 369–379. Fireman, W. 1991. Language Planning and National Development: The Uzbek Experience. Mouton de Gruyter. Berlin- New York. Hasanova, D. 2007. Teaching and learning English in Uzbekistan. English Today 23(1). 3-9. Mehmet, U. 2009. Romanization in Uzbekistan past and present. JRAS (3). 1-12. ; Not peer reviewed ; Conference presentation ; Post-Soviet Uzbekistan

"Russia's current foreign policy is both post-imperial and post-Soviet. The prefix 'post' does not mean impotence or uncertainty. It means that the present is predetermined by the past, it is the inheritor of the past. The inheritor is dissimilar from what it inherits and as long as the inheritor remains dissimilar and not fully aware of its own identity, it continues to be 'post'."