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Peer reviewed ; The authors examined the association between different meanings of cohabitation and fertility intentions. Using data from the Generations and Gender Surveys on 5,565 cohabiters from 9 European countries (Austria, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Norway, Romania, and Russia), they proposed a cohabitation typology based on attitudes toward marriage, intentions to marry, and perceived economic deprivation. Despite substantial variation in the prevalence and types of cohabiting relationships across Europe, cohabitation has become a living arrangement within hich childbearing intentions are commonly formed and at times carried out. The authors found that the meaning that cohabiters attached to their union influenced significantly their short-term fertility intentions, net of other covariates. Cohabiters who viewed their unions as a prelude to marriage were the most likely to plan to have a child in the near future, both in Western and Eastern European societies. The association between fertility intentions and marriage intentions was particularly strong among cohabiters who do not as yet have children in common, but it was also present in a more muted form among cohabitating parents. The findings suggest that, although marriage and childbearing are becoming less closely linked life events, they are not disconnected decisions for a largemajority of cohabiters across Europe. European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 320116 for the research project FamiliesAndSocieties

Politisch-militärischer Erfolg zählt seit jeher zu den wesentlichen Bemessungskriterien für die kulturelle Zuschreibung 'Historischer Größe'. Gerade Friedrichs II. Etikettierung als "der Große" verdankt sich wesentlich seinen militärischen Erfolgen in den Schlesischen Kriegen. Anhand der Figur des roi connétable werden daher ausgehend von der zeitgenössischen Wahrnehmung und Selbststilisierung Friedrichs verschiedene Bedeutungsebenen militärischer Größe herausgearbeitet: der König als strategischer Denker und Lenker, der König als aktiv unter seinen Soldaten Kämpfender und der König als die gängigen Normen der Kriegführung überschreitender 'Feldherr der Widersprüche'. Eine militärhistorische Bewertung tatsächlicher Leistungen wird dabei bewusst vermieden zugunsten einer historiographiegeschichtlichen Rekonstruktion der zahlreichen Wertungen und Umwertungen von Friedrichs militärischer Größe, die von strategischen Debatten unter Militärs bis zur grundsätzlichen Infragestellung militärischer Größe als solcher reichen.

The decree enacted in 1982 prohibiting the use of tributyltin (TBT) in anti-fouling paints for vessels less than 25 metres in length and submerged structures has not completely removed from the marine environment this biocidal product which is a high risk to biotope. It is permanently fixed to tanks and sediments and is likely to be released into water during civil engineering works, such as dredging. The results of an analytical study carried out during the dredging of the port of Audenge show that the technique used, based on oxidation and exposure to light of the sludge by means of a series of settling ponds, allows effective decontamination of the discharges. ; International audience The legislation introduced in 1982, prohibiting the use of tributyltin (TBT)-containing paints on vessels under 25 meters lengths, did not totally eliminate this biocide, toxic to aquatic life, in marine environment. TBT, preferably absorbed on finest particles in mud and sediments, is a potential source of contamination during civil engineering works such as dredgings. The results of an analytical study, realised during the dredging of the port of Audenge, has pointed out that the sludge treatment process, including both air oxidation and light exposure, minimizes organotin contents of the water effluent. ; The decree enacted in 1982 prohibiting the use of tributyltin (TBT) in anti-fouling paints for vessels less than 25 metres in length and submerged structures has not completely removed from the marine environment this biocidal product which is a high risk to biotope. It is permanently fixed to tanks and sediments and is likely to be released into water during civil engineering works, such as dredging. The results of an analytical study carried out during the dredging of the port of Audenge show that the technique used, based on oxidation and exposure to light of the sludge by means of a series of settling ponds, allows effective decontamination of the discharges. ; L'arrêté promulgué en 1982 interdisant l'utilisation du ...

Revolucija je jedan od središnjih koncepata filozofije prakse. Prema Gaji Petroviću, revolucija je najautentičniji oblik slobode i najistinskija ljudska praksa te istina i duboka potreba našeg vremena ako čovjek želi ostati i u punoj mjeri postati čovjek (Filozofija prakse). Slično razumijevanje nudi i Milan Kangrga koji u njoj nalazi nužan uvjet i oznaku svakog prekoračivanja horizonta postojećeg svijeta. U ovome radu pokazujem koliko su u svojoj filozofiji prekoračili uske okvire tumačenja Marxova pojma revolucije kao isključivo političkog i/ili socijalnog fenomena. ; Revolution is one of the central categories in the Praxis Philosophy. According to Gajo Petrović, revolution is the most authentic form of freedom and the most genuine human praxis as well as the truth and a deep need of our time if a human wants to stay and entirely become a human (Filozofija prakse [Philosophy of praxis]). A similar understanding is offered by Milan Kangrga who sees revolution as a necessary condition for overcoming the horizon of the present world. In this paper, I show how far did they go in crossing the narrow frames of the interpretation of Marx's concept of revolution as merely political and/or social event.

Peer reviewed ; Chinchilla-Rodríguez, Zaida, Miguel, Sandra, Perianes-Rodríguez, Antonio, Sugimoto, Cassidy R. (2018). Dependencies and autonomy in research performance: examining nanoscience and nanotechnology in emerging countries. Scientometrics, 115(3): 1485–1504. DOI:10.1007/s11192-018-2652-7 International collaboration in the creation of knowledge is changing the structural stratification of science, with implications for science policy. Analyses of collaboration in developing and emergent countries are of particular significance because initiatives are often the result of "research-for-aid" arrangements, generally based on North-South asymmetries. However, collaboration for mutual benefit and excellence has gained increasing acceptance, with "partner" selection becoming a strategic priority to enhance one's own production. This article explores the capacity of BRIC and selects Latin American countries in the generation of scientific knowledge and their visibility at the global level in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The goal is to determine to what extent countries benefit from the role of their collaborators to heighten research performance in terms of citation; and how collaboration could help countries to leverage their competitiveness through the design of research and development agendas. The method relies on the decomposition of leadership, as well as its consideration in view of performance indicators such as normalized citation impact, scientific excellence, and technological impact. The results suggest that the growth of international collaboration should be interpreted as a positive aspect. Furthermore, a progressive internationalization of scientific activity concerned with local needs or topics of interest is found to have the capacity to determine research agendas whose interest would extend to communities far beyond, thereby contributing to the development of science at a national level. This work was made possible through financing by the Project NANOMETRICS (Ref. ...

comment/Commentary This text proposes to see the field of bioethics as a set of activities operating under two main ways of identification: the purpose of the activity (the ethical issues raised by medicine, health and well-being) and the method of the activity. He summarised some highlights of these two modes as they had historically and gradually contributed to differentiating bioethics. In doing so, the text also suggests an original interpretation of the fate of this field, combining its methodological concerns with democratic aims. ; This paper proposes to see the field of bioethics as a set of activities operating through two main modes of identification: the purpose of the activity (ethical issues raised by medicine, health and well-being) and the method of the activity. The paper summarizes some of the highlights of these two modes as they have historically and gradually contributed to differentiate bioethics. In so doing, the paper also suggests an original interpretation of the future of this field, in associating methodological concerns with a democratic agenda. ; comment/Commentary This text proposes to see the field of bioethics as a set of activities operating under two main ways of identification: the purpose of the activity (the ethical issues raised by medicine, health and well-being) and the method of the activity. He summarised some highlights of these two modes as they had historically and gradually contributed to differentiating bioethics. In doing so, the text also suggests an original interpretation of the fate of this field, combining its methodological concerns with democratic aims. ; Commentaire / Commentary Ce texte propose de voir le champ de la bioéthique comme un ensemble d'activités opérant sous deux principaux modes d'identification : l'objet de l'activité (les enjeux éthique soulevés par la médecine, la santé et le bien-être) ainsi que la méthode de l'activité. Il résume certains temps forts de ces deux modes tels qu'ils ont historiquement et progressivement contribué à ...

Since the call by Abbé Pierre, founder of the Compagnons d'Emmaüs, launched in 1954, the issue of housing has been a key issue in the French public debate. To the point where, for the governors of the right, left and centre, who succeeded in France, resolve this issue of housing, it is to gain the confidence of immigrant families often considered to be the 'mal-accommodations' of France. Today, with the housing crisis affecting all social strata in France, immigrants are those who pay the most for injustices and other types of discrimination linked to access to housing. The recent fires in Paris relaunch this issue, which is becoming a headway for the French authorities. Housing 'badly housed' is a human right. Many of them have permanent employment contracts, pay slips that are worthy of this name and unfortunately do not find accommodation, often under the D system, which leads them to squatter unhealthy buildings with their families, migrants often cracked their ras-le-bol on their situation. But are they often listened to by public authorities? What is the situation of these "mal-accommodations"? ; Depuis l'appel de l'Abbé Pierre, fondateur des Compagnons d'Emmaüs, lancé en 1954, la question du logement occupe une place de choix dans le débat public français. Au point où, pour les gouvernants de droite, de gauche et du centre, qui se sont succédés en France, résoudre cette question du logement, c'est gagner la confiance des familles immigrées considérées souvent comme les « mal-logées » de France. Aujourd'hui, avec la crise du logement qui touche toutes les couches sociales en France, les immigrés, sont ceux qui payent le plus lourd tribut des injustices et autres types de discriminations liées à l'accès au logement. Les incendies que Paris a connus dernièrement relancent cette question qui devient un casse tête pour les autorités Françaises. Loger des « mal logés » est un droit de l'homme En effet, ils sont nombreux, munis de contrats de travail à durée indéterminée, des fiches de paie dignes de ce nom et ...

global competition between olive oil producing countries is increasingly intense in the face of increased consumer demands in terms of nutritional quality, product traceability, conditions and manufacturing processes. All these considerations oblige operators and operators in the olive sector to opt for specific governance methods and segmentation strategies. The aim of this work is to analyse the process of segmentation of the olive market in a southern Mediterranean country. After moving through the segmentation strategies developed by some EU countries and varying from one country to another, the focus is on the strategies adopted by the Southern Mediterranean countries. These are led by governments that have administrative management and control procedures in place to comply with international legal rules and standards. ; International audience Global competition between olive oil producing countries is becoming more and more intense in response to growing needs of consumers in terms of nutritional quality, traceability, manufacturing conditions and processes. Therefore, businesses and stakeholders involved in the olive oils sector have to implement specific governance modes and segmentation strategies. The objective of this study is to analyze the olive oil's market segmentation process in a southern Mediterranean country. After analyzing the segmentation strategies applied by some EU countries, and which vary from country to country, emphasis is laid on strategies adopted by southern Mediterranean countries. These strategies are mapped out by the governments which put in place management and monitoring administrative procedures to comply with legal requirements and international standards. ; global competition between olive oil producing countries is increasingly intense in the face of increased consumer demands in terms of nutritional quality, product traceability, conditions and manufacturing processes. All these considerations oblige operators and operators in the olive sector to opt for specific ...

Migration hat die deutsche Gesellschaft verändert. In jüngster Zeit wird dies auch auf politischer Ebene verstärkt diskutiert. Wenngleich die Integration von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund angestrebt wird, so sind sie dennoch häufig sozialer Diskriminierung ausgesetzt, die einer erfolgreichen Integration entgegensteht. Ausgehend vom sozial-kognitiven Ansatz und dem Ansatz der sozialen Identität gibt der vorliegende Beitrag einen Überblick zum Stand der Forschung bezüglich der Faktoren, die zu sozialer Diskriminierung beitragen bzw. ihr entgegenwirken. Dieser Überblick dient in Folge als Grundlage für die Ableitung von Empfehlungen bezüglich der Gestaltung politischer und gesellschaftlicher Prozesse mit dem Ziel, durch die Reduzierung sozialer Diskriminierung einen Beitrag zur erfolgreichen gesellschaftlichen Integration von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund zu leisten. Die resultierenden Empfehlungen werden abschließend integriert und diskutiert. Die Praxisrelevanz, aber auch die diesbezüglichen Grenzen sozialpsychologischer Forschung werden ebenfalls dargestellt.

Tuber melanosporum, the black truffle, is an emblematic product of the mont Ventoux area where it has been cultivated since the beginning of the 19th century. However, just as elsewhere in France, production has decreased considerably over the last century, to the extent that it has become rare. The ONF and CRPF PACA have initiated a study aimed at compiling a guide to managing truffle cultivation in a natural environment. The overall goal is to devise tools and disseminate knowledge to encourage development of this production in natural environments by implementing silvicultural practises that produce truffles. The firm Alcina was entrusted with establishing a typology for the potential of truffle production in private forest stands. This article describes the original methodology used to develop this typology. By combining existing maps of pedological, bioclimatic and topographical data, the potential for truffle production was mapped out over an area of 26 500 ha. The accuracy and reliability of the map are such that, on the scale of the whole area, zones where restoration of natural truffle fields should be encouraged can be identified and, on the scale of a single property, areas where truffle production potential deserves to be further assessed can be pinpointed. ; La truffe noire, Tuber melanosporum, est une production emblématique du mont Ventoux où elle est cultivée depuis le début du XIXe siècle. Cependant, comme ailleurs en France, sa production a considérablement décru depuis un siècle au point de devenir marginale. L'ONF et le CRPF PACA ont lancé une étude visant à établir un guide de gestion des truffières en milieu naturel. L'objectif général est de construire les outils et de diffuser les connaissances permettant de développer cette production dans les milieux naturels par le biais de la sylviculture truffière. La mise en place d'une typologie du potentiel de production truffière des stations forestières des forêts privées a été confiée à la société Alcina. L'objet de cet article est de présenter ...

since Russia forcibly annexed Crimea in 2014 (based on the legitimacy of a referendum) and after the rejection of the entire international community, the situation on the peninsula became as unstable as chaotic. Far from waiting for de jure recognition by international bodies, the political decisions of the Kremlin moved towards territorial expansionism in areas of great geopolitical importance. Building on a stratagary of a chess game, Moscow's policy sought to create a field of action that would allow it, on the one hand, to add sectors related to its development and, on the other, to add 'tensions' to define its strategy of linking — communication in the rest of the global village. This engagement of Russia was a permanent confrontation with Ukraine, which is supported by both the US, NATO and the European Union. Kiev has been calling since 2014 for illegitimate appropriation of a territory which he considers himself and his requests to the international order to condemn and punish the Russian position are becoming more and more recurrent. Department of International Security and Defence Institute for International Relations ; Desde que Rusia anexó por la fuerza Crimea en 2014 (basado en la legitimidad de un referéndum) y tras el rechazo de toda la comunidad internacional, la situación de la península se volvió tan inestable como caótica. Lejos de esperar un reconocimiento de iure por parte de los organismos internacionales, las decisiones políticas del Kremlin avanzaron hacia el expansionismo territorial en zonas de enorme relevancia geopolítica. Fiel a una estratagema propia de un juego de ajedrez, la política de Moscú buscó generar un campo de acción que le permitiera, por un lado, sumar sectores afines a su desarrollo y, por el otro, sumar "tensiones" con las cuales delimitar su estrategia de vinculación - comunicación en el resto de la aldea global. Este accionar de Rusia supuso una confrontación permanente con Ucrania, quien cuenta con el apoyo tanto de EEUU como de la OTAN y la Unión Europea. Kiev, ...

International migration in Sahara is today a central issue in geopolitical relations between the states of sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa and Europe. They are not a new phenomenon, since as early as the mid-20th century nationals of the Sahel States travelled to the Maghreb to work there, as these mobility took place in close connection with the promotion of Sahara. However, since the early 2000s, the media coverage of migration to Europe, which is a very minority of all flows, has radically changed the situation. Every migrant in the region is suspected of being "illegal in transit to Europe". Migration policies since then in the Saharan regions have disrupted all mobility in this area, which is becoming a new migratory border for Europe. ; International audience International migrations in the Sahara are one of the most important issue of the relations between sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa and Europe. They are not a new phenomenon. Since the 1950s, migrants from the Sahel have travelled to the Maghreb for work, which was plentiful as North African governments invested in their Saharan territories. Since the early 2000s, media coverage of migrations through the Sahara to Europe - that constitute but a minute fraction of overall Saharan migrations - has perturbed these longstanding patterns of mobility. Now, each sub-Saharan migrant in the Sahara is suspected to be in transit to Europe, and North Africa as a whole is re-defined, through the imposition of European migration policies, as the EU's southernmost border. ; International migration in Sahara is today a central issue in geopolitical relations between the states of sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa and Europe. They are not a new phenomenon, since as early as the mid-20th century nationals of the Sahel States travelled to the Maghreb to work there, as these mobility took place in close connection with the promotion of Sahara. However, since the early 2000s, the media coverage of migration to Europe, which is a very minority of all flows, has radically ...

National hearing When public action relates to technical projects, traditional political debates no longer have any influence over it. The example of the Great Speech Trains will allow us to question the democratic nature of technology-intensive policies. Technical and political choices intertwined closely in the 1960s, before becoming the hardened benchmark for a policy in the 1990s. What happens when this policy is called into question? Will the conflict in the TGV Mediterranean be able to reopen this black box? ; National audience Lorsque l'action publique porte sur des projets techniques, les débats politiques traditionnels n'ont plus de prise sur elle. L'exemple des Trains à Grande Vitesse nous permettra d'interroger le caractère démocratique des politiques à haute teneur technologique. Des choix techniques et politiques se sont étroitement mêlés dans les années soixante, avant de devenir le référentiel durci d'une politique dans les années quatre-vingt-dix. Que se passe-t-il quand cette politique est remise en cause ? Le conflit du TGV Méditerranée parviendra-t-il à rouvrir cette boîte noire ?

Für Walter Benjamin entzieht sich die Polizei der Rationalisierung: Sie ist zugleich "rechtsetzende" und "rechserhaltende Gewalt" und bricht so mit dem Prinzip des ausgeschlossenen Widerspruchs. Wie kann der duale wenn nicht sogar widersprüchliche Charakter einer solchen Institution soziologisch gefasst werden? In diesem Artikel werde ich zeigen, dass empirische Untersuchungen an der Polizei tatsächlich eine Dimension der Illegalität aufzeigen. Diese Illegalität ist jedoch sozial situiert. Wenn der Illegalismus der Polizei in seiner eigenen sozialen Geographie verstanden und einbezogen wird, dass die Urteile, die Gerichte sprechen, die souveräne Gewalt der Polizei auf einige Bereiche des sozialen Raums einschränken, ermöglicht diese Vorgehensweise den politischen Charakter der Polizei in dem von Carl Schmitt formulierten Sinn zu verstehen. In diesem Text möchte ich eine politische Theorie der Polizei vertreten, wonach der Institution Polizei in unseren zeitgenössischen rationalen Rechtsstaaten die Funktion zukommt, die politische Gemeinschaft zum Ausdruck zu bringen. ; International audience

On 13 April 2016, France adopted the law 'to strengthen the fight against the prostitution system and to accompany prostitutes', thus becoming the second EU country to punish the clients of female sex workers. Since then, two researchers, Hélène Le Bail and Calogero Giametta, in collaboration with 11 associations, have carried out a survey to document the impact of this new legislation on the health, rights and living conditions of female sex workers in France. ; Le 13 avril 2016, la France adoptait la loi « visant à renforcer la lutte contre le système prostitutionnel et à accompagner les personnes prostituées », devenant ainsi le deuxième pays de l'Union européenne à sanctionner les clients des travailleur.se.s du sexe. Depuis, deux chercheurs, Hélène Le Bail et Calogero Giametta, en collaboration avec 11 associations ont mené une enquête afin de documenter les impacts de cette nouvelle législation sur la santé, les droits et les conditions de vie des travailleur.se.s du sexe en France.