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At head of title: The Ratan Tata Foundation (University of London) ; An inaugural lecture delivered on October 22nd, 1913, at the London School of Economics and Political Science, together with the introductory remarks of the chairman, the Right Reverend the Bishop of Oxford. ; Mode of access: Internet.

What is rural development? Why have poverty and rural development become vital topics in our world today? What are the causes of poverty and what are the effects to the community? Approximately we may say that the people living outside the towns or areas gazette as town boards are the rural people. However, there are people whose economic and social characteristics are similar to the urban people in their midst. Hence, in order to simplify the discussion, the rural people are restricted to the group neither belong to the barter system nor do they make elaborate use of money. The mining and the estate worker, as well as the government servants, are excluded from this discussion as they tend to have relatively high MV per capita. The common interpretation of poverty is always related to lower income group. In the author's interpretation, poverty always arises because of the inequality in the distribution of income and wealth. There are four aspects of poverty which can be considered. Firstly, the problem of measuring poverty, objectively. Secondly, certain measurable socio-economic characteristics that are associated with poverty. Thirdly, the aetiology of poverty and lastly, the inhibiting effects of poverty. In order to eliminate poverty in the rural area, it is necessary to understand what the underlying causes are. The problem has been rooted since the colonial period. The exploitation by the moneylenders and the agency houses, the monopoly and monopsony system, the government policy which protected the migrants and the sole distributors but neglected the rural people, have deepened the problem of poverty even though after the independence. When the development has reached its limit in a geographical area, it cannot grow any further. The income cannot be raised anymore. Hence the cooperation between the rural people and the government is very much needed to overcome the problem. What can we do for rural development? Ungku has made some proposal about the ways of rural development. The old systems of Bagi-Dua and the truck system should be abolished. He urged the Government to implement laws that will protect the rural people by improving the employee working conditions and to set a minimum wage floor. A new system is needed to replace or to break into the M-M system in the rural areas. Cooperation stands as the most suitable institution to take over the old systems, with the support from the Government. However, Ungku also stressed that the genuine competition would only exist when there are three sectors in the market, the public, private and cooperative.

Editorial by Reverend Black about the War on Poverty and the importance of not only the political community but the entire community to promote the full participation of all in political and economic life.

The M. H. Ross Papers contain information pertaining to labor, politics, social issues of the twentieth century, coal mining and its resulting lifestyle, as well as photographs and audio materials. The collection is made up of five different accessions; L2001-05, which is contained in boxes one through 104, L2002-09 in boxes 106 through 120, L2006-16 in boxes 105 and 120, L2001-01 in boxes 120-121, and L2012-20 in boxes 122-125. The campaign materials consist of items from the 1940 and 1948 political campaigns in which Ross participated. These items include campaign cards, posters, speech transcripts, news clippings, rally materials, letters to voters, and fliers. Organizing and arbitration materials covers labor organizing events from "Operation Dixie" in Georgia, the furniture workers in North Carolina, and the Mine-Mill workers in the Western United States. Organizing materials include fliers, correspondence, news articles, radio transcripts, and some related photos. Arbitration files consist of agreements, decisions, and agreement booklets. The social and political research files cover a wide time period (1930's to the late 1970's/early 1980's). The topics include mainly the Ku Klux Klan, racism, Communism, Red Scare, red baiting, United States history, and literature. These files consist mostly of news and journal articles. Ross interacted with coal miners while doing work for the United Mine Workers Association (UMWA) and while working at the Fairmont Clinic in West Virginia. Included in these related files are books, news articles, journals, UMWA reports, and coal miner oral histories conducted by Ross. Tying in to all of the activities Ross participated in during his life were his research and manuscript files. He wrote numerous newspaper and journal articles on history and labor. Later, as he worked for the UMWA and at the Fairmont Clinic, he wrote more in-depth articles about coal miners, their lifestyle, and medical problems they faced (while the Southern Labor Archives has many of Ross's coal mining and lifestyle articles, it does not have any of his medical articles). Along with these articles are the research files Ross collected to write them, which consist of notes, books, and newspaper and journal articles. In additional to his professional career, Ross was adamant about documenting his and his wife's family history in the oral history format. Of particular interest are the recordings of his interviews with his wife's family - they were workers, musicians, and singers of labor and folk songs. Finally, in this collection are a number of photographs and slides, which include images of organizing, coal mining (from the late 19th through 20th centuries), and Appalachia. Of note is a small photo album from the 1930s which contains images from the Summer School for Workers, and more labor organizing. A few audio items are available as well, such as Ross political speeches and an oral history in which Ross was interviewed by his daughter, Jane Ross Davis in 1986. All photographic and audio-visual materials are at the end of their respective series. ; Myron Howard "Mike" Ross was born November 9, 1919 in New York City. He dropped out of school when he was seventeen and moved to Texas, where he worked on a farm. From 1936 until 1939, Ross worked in a bakery in North Carolina. In the summer of 1938, he attended the Southern School for Workers in Asheville, North Carolina. During the fall of 1938, Ross would attend the first Southern Conference on Human Welfare in Birmingham, Alabama. He would attend this conference again in 1940 in Chattanooga, Tennessee. From 1939 to 1940, Ross worked for the United Mine Workers Non-Partisan League in North Carolina, working under John L. Lewis. He was hired as a union organizer by the United Mine Workers of America, and sent to Saltville, Virginia and Rockwood, Tennessee. In 1940, Ross ran for a seat on city council on the People's Platform in Charlotte, North Carolina. During this time, he also married Anne "Buddie" West of Kennesaw, Georgia. From 1941 until 1945, Ross served as an infantryman for the United States Army. He sustained injuries near the Battle of the Bulge in the winter of 1944. From 1945 until 1949, Ross worked for the International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers, then part of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), as a union organizer. He was sent to Macon, Georgia, Savannah, Georgia and to Winston-Salem, North Carolina, where he worked with the United Furniture Workers Union. He began handling arbitration for the unions. In 1948, Ross ran for United States Congress on the Progressive Party ticket in North Carolina. He also served as the secretary for the North Carolina Progressive Party. Ross attended the University of North Carolina law school from 1949 to 1952. He graduated with honors but was denied the bar on the grounds of "character." From 1952 until 1955, he worked for the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers as a union organizer, first in New Mexico (potash mines) and then in Arizona (copper mines). From 1955 to 1957, Ross attended the Columbia University School of Public Health. He worked for the United Mine Workers of America Welfare and Retirement Fund from 1957 to 1958, where he represented the union in expenditure of health care for mining workers. By 1958, Ross began plans for what would become the Fairmont Clinic, a prepaid group practice in Fairmont, West Virginia, which had the mission of providing high quality medical care for miners and their families. From 1958 until 1978, Ross served as administrator of the Fairmont Clinic. As a result of this work, Ross began researching coal mining, especially coal mining lifestyle, heritage and history of coal mining and disasters. He would interview over one hundred miners (coal miners). Eventually, Ross began writing a manuscript about the history of coal mining. Working for the Rural Practice Program of the University of North Carolina from 1980 until 1987, Ross taught in the medical school. M. H. Ross died on January 31, 1987 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. ; Digitization of the M. H. Ross Papers was funded by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission.

The M. H. Ross Papers contain information pertaining to labor, politics, social issues of the twentieth century, coal mining and its resulting lifestyle, as well as photographs and audio materials. The collection is made up of five different accessions; L2001-05, which is contained in boxes one through 104, L2002-09 in boxes 106 through 120, L2006-16 in boxes 105 and 120, L2001-01 in boxes 120-121, and L2012-20 in boxes 122-125. The campaign materials consist of items from the 1940 and 1948 political campaigns in which Ross participated. These items include campaign cards, posters, speech transcripts, news clippings, rally materials, letters to voters, and fliers. Organizing and arbitration materials covers labor organizing events from "Operation Dixie" in Georgia, the furniture workers in North Carolina, and the Mine-Mill workers in the Western United States. Organizing materials include fliers, correspondence, news articles, radio transcripts, and some related photos. Arbitration files consist of agreements, decisions, and agreement booklets. The social and political research files cover a wide time period (1930's to the late 1970's/early 1980's). The topics include mainly the Ku Klux Klan, racism, Communism, Red Scare, red baiting, United States history, and literature. These files consist mostly of news and journal articles. Ross interacted with coal miners while doing work for the United Mine Workers Association (UMWA) and while working at the Fairmont Clinic in West Virginia. Included in these related files are books, news articles, journals, UMWA reports, and coal miner oral histories conducted by Ross. Tying in to all of the activities Ross participated in during his life were his research and manuscript files. He wrote numerous newspaper and journal articles on history and labor. Later, as he worked for the UMWA and at the Fairmont Clinic, he wrote more in-depth articles about coal miners, their lifestyle, and medical problems they faced (while the Southern Labor Archives has many of Ross's coal mining and lifestyle articles, it does not have any of his medical articles). Along with these articles are the research files Ross collected to write them, which consist of notes, books, and newspaper and journal articles. In additional to his professional career, Ross was adamant about documenting his and his wife's family history in the oral history format. Of particular interest are the recordings of his interviews with his wife's family - they were workers, musicians, and singers of labor and folk songs. Finally, in this collection are a number of photographs and slides, which include images of organizing, coal mining (from the late 19th through 20th centuries), and Appalachia. Of note is a small photo album from the 1930s which contains images from the Summer School for Workers, and more labor organizing. A few audio items are available as well, such as Ross political speeches and an oral history in which Ross was interviewed by his daughter, Jane Ross Davis in 1986. All photographic and audio-visual materials are at the end of their respective series. ; Myron Howard "Mike" Ross was born November 9, 1919 in New York City. He dropped out of school when he was seventeen and moved to Texas, where he worked on a farm. From 1936 until 1939, Ross worked in a bakery in North Carolina. In the summer of 1938, he attended the Southern School for Workers in Asheville, North Carolina. During the fall of 1938, Ross would attend the first Southern Conference on Human Welfare in Birmingham, Alabama. He would attend this conference again in 1940 in Chattanooga, Tennessee. From 1939 to 1940, Ross worked for the United Mine Workers Non-Partisan League in North Carolina, working under John L. Lewis. He was hired as a union organizer by the United Mine Workers of America, and sent to Saltville, Virginia and Rockwood, Tennessee. In 1940, Ross ran for a seat on city council on the People's Platform in Charlotte, North Carolina. During this time, he also married Anne "Buddie" West of Kennesaw, Georgia. From 1941 until 1945, Ross served as an infantryman for the United States Army. He sustained injuries near the Battle of the Bulge in the winter of 1944. From 1945 until 1949, Ross worked for the International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers, then part of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), as a union organizer. He was sent to Macon, Georgia, Savannah, Georgia and to Winston-Salem, North Carolina, where he worked with the United Furniture Workers Union. He began handling arbitration for the unions. In 1948, Ross ran for United States Congress on the Progressive Party ticket in North Carolina. He also served as the secretary for the North Carolina Progressive Party. Ross attended the University of North Carolina law school from 1949 to 1952. He graduated with honors but was denied the bar on the grounds of "character." From 1952 until 1955, he worked for the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers as a union organizer, first in New Mexico (potash mines) and then in Arizona (copper mines). From 1955 to 1957, Ross attended the Columbia University School of Public Health. He worked for the United Mine Workers of America Welfare and Retirement Fund from 1957 to 1958, where he represented the union in expenditure of health care for mining workers. By 1958, Ross began plans for what would become the Fairmont Clinic, a prepaid group practice in Fairmont, West Virginia, which had the mission of providing high quality medical care for miners and their families. From 1958 until 1978, Ross served as administrator of the Fairmont Clinic. As a result of this work, Ross began researching coal mining, especially coal mining lifestyle, heritage and history of coal mining and disasters. He would interview over one hundred miners (coal miners). Eventually, Ross began writing a manuscript about the history of coal mining. Working for the Rural Practice Program of the University of North Carolina from 1980 until 1987, Ross taught in the medical school. M. H. Ross died on January 31, 1987 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. ; Digitization of the M. H. Ross Papers was funded by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission.

Reprinted from the Journal of political economy, vol. XVIII, no. 9. ; Thesis (PH.D.)--University of Chicago. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The measure of poverty.--The effects of machinery on the condition of the working-classes.--The influx of population into large towns.--"The sweating system."--The causes of sweating.--Remedies for sweating.--Over-supply of low-skilled labour.--The industrial condition of women workers.--Moral aspects of poverty.--"Socialistic legislation."--The industrial outlook of low-skilled labour.--List of authorities. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The measure of poverty.--The effects of machinery on the condition of the working-classes.--The influx of population into large towns.--"The sweating system."--The causes of sweating.--Remedies for sweating.--Over-supply of low-skilled labour.--The industrial condition of women workers.--Moral aspects of poverty.--"Socialistic legislation."--The industrial outlook of low-skilled labour.--List of authorities. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Author's autograph presentation copy to K. E. Abbot. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Considers (88) S. 2958. ; Considers legislation establishing natural resource conservation and development programs for the unemployed. ; Record is based on bibliographic data in CIS US Congressional Committee Hearings Index. Reuse except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; Indexed in CIS US Congressional Committee Hearings Index Part VII ; Considers (88) S. 2958. ; Considers legislation establishing natural resource conservation and development programs for the unemployed. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Considers (87) S. 404, (87) S. 986, (87) S. 987. ; Conducts study of unemployment conditions and considers. S. 404, to authorize the establishment of Youth Conservation Corps. S. 986, to reduce unemployment through the acceleration of capital expenditure programs of state and local governments. S. 987, to authorize the retraining of persons displaced from their jobs by automation or other technological development, or other change in the structure of the economy. Feb. 23 hearing was held in Pittsburgh, Pa.; Feb. 27 hearing was held in Newark, N.J.; Mar. 2 hearing was held in hearing Pa.; Mar. 3 hearing was held in Providence, R.I.; and Mar. 9 hearing was held in Atlantic City, N.J. ; Record is based on bibliographic data in CIS US Congressional Committee Hearings Index. Reuse except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; Indexed in CIS US Congressional Committee Hearings Index Part VII ; Considers (87) S. 404, (87) S. 986, (87) S. 987. ; Conducts study of unemployment conditions and considers. S. 404, to authorize the establishment of Youth Conservation Corps. S. 986, to reduce unemployment through the acceleration of capital expenditure programs of state and local governments. S. 987, to authorize the retraining of persons displaced from their jobs by automation or other technological development, or other change in the structure of the economy. Feb. 23 hearing was held in Pittsburgh, Pa.; Feb. 27 hearing was held in Newark, N.J.; Mar. 2 hearing was held in hearing Pa.; Mar. 3 hearing was held in Providence, R.I.; and Mar. 9 hearing was held in Atlantic City, N.J. ; Mode of access: Internet.

First published as Observations on the scheme before Parliament for the maintenance of the poor, 1776. ; Goldsmiths' Lib. cat. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Includes bibliographical references. ; Electronic reproduction. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 44

In double columns. ; "Study--amend--perfect--administer." ; Electronic reproduction. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 44

pt. I. Paper money and speculation, usury and increase.--pt. II. Theory of a perfect currency and a perfect government. ; Mode of access: Internet.