The GIAU+S (Research group on Architecture, Urbanism and Sustainability of Universidad Politécnica de Madrid) has drafted a comprehensive report on urban deprivation/poverty observatories in the EU. This report is related to the Urban Poverty Partnership's Action 2 "Setting up a European network of national observatories with experience in urban poverty", one of the horizontal Actions of the Partnership. The study focuses on national observatories of urban poverty in deprived neighbourhoods or areas in the EU. A national observatory is considered to be a mapping tool with statistical information related to poverty/deprivation at the intra-city (neighbourhood) level. Authors of the report are: Rafael Córdoba Hernández, Isabel González García, Gerardo Guerrero Periñán; English reviewes: Ms. Pru Brooke-Turner and Mr. Benjamin Wilkes
This essay argues that political efforts toward eradicating poverty in the developing countries should take precedence over political efforts to get more poor and oppressed persons admitted into our affluent societies. Efforts of both kinds are directed at morally worthy goals. But the former efforts are likely to be far more effective than the latter. ; En este artículo se argumenta que los esfuerzos políticos hacia la erradicación de la pobreza en los países en vías de desarrollo deberían ser preferentes frente a los esfuerzos dirigidos a ampliar el número de personas pobres y oprimidas admitidas en nuestras sociedades ricas. Ambos tipos de esfuerzos son objetivos morales, pero el primero parece ser más efectivo que el segundo.
En Colombia, la pobreza y el conflicto están estrechamente relacionados. Este estudio usa medidas de disuasión del gobierno como instrumentos de varias variables específicas de conflicto para estimar el impacto del conflicto sobre la pobreza en Colombia. Usando datos del censo a nivel municipal para el año 2005, evalúo el efecto sobre la incidencia urbana y rural del recientemente-desarrollado Índice de Pobreza Multidimensional. Los resultados sugieren que el conflicto aumenta significativamente la pobreza rural. Esto es consistente con el hecho que la mayor parte del conflicto en Colombia ocurre en las áreas rurales. También evalúo el efecto rezagado del conflicto en la pobreza para concluir que éste dura por al menos tres años pero que decae en el tiempo. Finalmente, pruebo que mis resultados son robustos a una batería de especificaciones adicionales, incluyendo una versión modificada de mi variable dependiente y el uso de una base alternativa de conflicto. ; The study of the relationship between conflict and poverty is very relevant in a country like Colombia, suffering one of the longest internal conflicts still present in the world today and being the second country in South America with the highest percentage of people below the poverty line. This study uses government deterrence measures as instruments of several conflict-specific variables to estimate the impact of conflict on poverty in Colombia. Using census-level data at the municipality level for 2005, I assess the effect on both the urban and rural incidence of the newly developed Multidimensional Poverty Index. The findings show that the incidence of conflict significantly increases rural poverty. This is consistent with the fact that most of the conflict in Colombia takes place in rural areas. I also explore the lagged effect of conflict on poverty to conclude that it lasts for at least three years, but decreases over time. Finally, I show that the results are robust to a battery of additional specifications, including the use of alternative conflict data and a modified version of the dependent variable.
The Latin American economies have implemented structural changes since the second half of the 20th century characterized by widespread economic crises. In this sense, the neoliberal capitalist mode of production prevailed in the región in response to the suggestions of international organizations. The tourist activity as axis of accumulation and deterioration represents for Mexico the third source of economic income, since it generates 8.6% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at national level anda Quintana Roo contibutes with 43% of the captured foreing currency. However, the data indicate high levels of poverty in the state, despite the importance of the tourism sector for the state and national economy, where the entity received almost 32% of international tourism during 2016. As a strategy to combat poverty, in 2012, the labor legislation was reformed, the changes legalized the practice identified as labor flexibilization, which leads to job insecurity.
What is the face of poverty? How should a phenomenon so dynamic and fluid be ever captured by data? Seebohm Rowntree's introduc tion of primary poverty as depiction of the poorest of the poor inthe 19th century provided the impetus that simplified the complicated nature of poverty and, likewise, raised questions about the generalizability of its context. Criticisms as to the nature and method of Rowntree has dominated poverty literature; yet, many of social scientists also assert the groundbreaking contributions of Rowntree's work as pivotal to government policy and poverty-oriented institutions. Upon the release of Rowntree's data about primary poverty of the working-class in York, there have been several attempts as to how to modify, enrich and even discredit the findings of Rowntree an all these efforts pave the way for the gradual transformation of several poverty measures that have provided so much data to governments in the world today.
What is the face of poverty? How should a phenomenon so dynamic and fluid be ever captured by data? Seebohm Rowntree's introduc tion of primary poverty as depiction of the poorest of the poor inthe 19th century provided the impetus that simplified the complicated nature of poverty and, likewise, raised questions about the generalizability of its context. Criticisms as to the nature and method of Rowntree has dominated poverty literature; yet, many of social scientists also assert the groundbreaking contributions of Rowntree's work as pivotal to government policy and poverty-oriented institutions. Upon the release of Rowntree's data about primary poverty of the working-class in York, there have been several attempts as to how to modify, enrich and even discredit the findings of Rowntree an all these efforts pave the way for the gradual transformation of several poverty measures that have provided so much data to governments in the world today. ; ¿Cuál es el rostro de la pobreza? ¿Cómo debe capturarse un fenómeno tan dinámico y fluido por los datos? La introducción de Seebohm Rowntree de la pobreza primaria como representación de los más pobres de los pobres en el siglo XIX proporcionó el ímpetu que simplificó la complicada naturaleza de la pobreza y, asimismo, planteó preguntas sobre la generalización de su contexto. Las críticas sobre la naturaleza y el método de Rowntree han dominado la literatura de la pobreza; sin embargo, muchos de los científicos sociales también afirman que las contribuciones innovadoras del trabajo de Rowntree son fundamentales para la política gubernamental y las instituciones orientadas a la pobreza. Tras el lanzamiento de los datos de Rowntree sobre la pobreza primaria de la clase trabajadora en York, ha habido varios intentos de cómo modificar, enriquecer e incluso desacreditar los hallazgos de Rowntree y todos estos esfuerzos allanan el camino para la transformación gradual de varios niveles de pobreza, medidas que han proporcionado tantos datos a los gobiernos en el mundo de hoy.
El propósito del texto es cuestionar, a luz de la sentencia de Hölderlin «Es koncertriert sich bei uns alles auf 's Geistige, wir sind arm geworden, um reich zu werden», "si hemos llegado a ser-pobres". De cara a responder esta pregunta, distinguiremos el uso esencial y habitual de la palabra "pobreza". Para llevar a cabo este propósito, nos centraremos en la conferencia de Martin Heidegger Die Armut de junio de 1945, donde comenta la sentencia de Hölderlin. Finalmente, trataremos de dar una breve respuesta a la lectura política de Laocue-Labarthe sobre la conferencia, apoyándonos en la clarificación del significado esencial de "pobreza". ; The aim of this paper is to question, starting from the Hölderlin's sentence: «Es koncertriert sich bei uns alles auf 's Geistige, wir sind arm geworden, um reich zu warden», "if we have become to be essential poverty". To answer this question, we will tell the differences between the essential and regular using of the word "poverty". In order to do this, we will focus on the conference of June 1945 Die Armut by Martin Heidegger, where he discusses the Hölderlin's sentence. Finally, we try to give a short answer to the politics lecture that Laocue-Labarthe does for the conference, based on the clarification of the essential meaning of "poverty".
The purpose of the present work is to analyze one of the key social policy strategies of the Mexican government, which focuses on addressing the problem of extreme poverty in Mexico. We are referring to the strategy called Crusade against Hunger. The Mexican Ministry of Social Development has defined said Crusade as an inclusive strategy aimed at social welfare, originally focusing on a population of 7.01 million people who are deemed to live in extreme poverty and who experience food deprivation. From its inception, the strategy in question was announced as one of the core ideas of the social development policy of the present Mexican administration. The critical review of the abovementioned strategy will allow us to establish the scope of the same, and to determine whether it is really a strategy as well as a new generation social policy. It will also allow us to ascertain if the strategy in question would minimize or eradicate the problem of poverty, and the effect it has on narrowing the inequality gap brought about by neoliberal policies. ; El propósito del presente trabajo es analizar una de las estrategias de política social, orientada a atender el problema de la pobreza extrema en México. Nos referiremos a la estrategia denominada Cruzada contra el Hambre, definida por la Secretaría de Desarrollo Social, como una estrategia de inclusión y bienestar social, enfocada originalmente a una población de 7.01 millones de personas consideradas en pobreza extrema con carencia alimentaria. La revisión crítica de la Estrategia permitirá establecer el alcance de la misma, si se trata de una estrategia y de una política social de nueva generación, si amortigua o erradica el problema de la pobreza y el efecto que tiene en reducir la brecha de desigualdad provocada por las políticas neoliberales.
This work focuses on the issue of poverty within the current discourseon development, which tends to criticize the capitalist notion of progress,as well as the most recent proposed strategies, weighted from the vantagepoint of alternative development models. First, such discourse is analyzedby means of diverse approaches to poverty, as a way of understandingand communicating social matters. The second section addresses povertyas a political problem that has varied according to state-run actions,and considering the state's expansions and reductions through time. Inconsequence, three major focal points of current thought are highlighted:the analyses on capability and freedom, the state´s resources and programsto address the issue of poverty, and the management of social risk—threecornerstones of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals.The third section addresses some issues on the role of social workers andtheir need to analyze the cycle of public policies, in order to contribute tothe conceptualization of social work in academic environments. The lastsection offers final considerations and leaves open questions for furtherresearch. ; Este artículo identifica la pobreza en los actuales discursos del desarrollo, en el que caben las críticas al progreso capitalista, así como las nuevas estrategias comprendidas y valorizadas desde las concepciones alternativas al desarrollo. En un primer momento, estos discursos se analizan tomando en cuenta algunos enfoques para la comprensión de la pobreza, como una manera de pensar otras formas comunicables de ver y comprender la cuestión social; en la segunda parte se sitúa la pobreza como un problema político que ha variado de acuerdo a la expansión, actuación y reducción del Estado, mostrando tres hitos importantes en las realidades y los desafíos de las reflexiones contemporáneas: los análisis de la agencia y las libertades, los recursos y disposiciones de los gobiernos para reducir la pobreza, y el manejo social del riesgo —hitos sobre los que se han edificado las estrategias para el logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio, ODM—. El tercer apartado muestra algunas consideraciones de la actuación de los trabajadores sociales y la manera como su intervención exige una apropiación del proceso secuencial o del ciclo de análisis de políticas públicas para contribuir al análisis académico desde la reflexión de la intervención profesional. Las consideraciones finales, por su parte, son ideas concluyentes, abiertas para próximas reflexiones.
El capital social es un factor de crecimiento económico y desarrollo en la medida en que las regulaciones formales e informales implícitas en la interacción social disminuyen los costos de transacción económicos asociados a la información imperfecta, la selección adversa y el riesgo moral. El presente documento realiza una aproximación empírica a la categoría conceptual de "sinergia cognitiva" o "capital sinergético" propuesta por Boisier utilizando un diseño metodológico que contrasta una población de beneficiarios de programas sociales en un territorio insular y un territorio continental de la República de Colombia. Una vez se controlan los factores demográficos, tecnológicos e institucionales formales se indaga por los efectos de la formación de "sinergia cognitiva" a partir de la formación de capital social informal o cultural. Los resultados indican una mayor relevancia del capital social en la reducción de la pobreza vía mejoras en la habitabilidad de las viviendas que en relación con las posibilidades de generación de ingresos. Sin embargo, a niveles reducidos de ingresos la formación de capital social está asociada a incrementos en ingresos y a menores niveles de pobreza ; Social capital is an essential element in any growth and development social policy strategy that faces high exchange costs caused by either or both asymmetric information and moral hazard in transactional situations. Using a methodological design composed by an income -spending comparative analysis of an insular against a continental population besides of a poverty change´s probability decomposition, a local development epistemology category know as "cognitive synergy" proposed by Boisier as a measure of informal social capital is empirically approach. The research main findings show that social capital is more correlated with lower poverty levels if they are measured by housing living conditions instead of proving new avenues for improving income levels. However, the least the income level is the more effective is social capital to reduce poverty levels measured by income levels
Fuel poverty can be defined as "the inability to afford adequate warmth in the home" and it is the result of the combination of three items: low household income, housing lack of energy efficiency and high energy bills. Although it affects a growing number of households within the European Union only some countries have an official definition for it. In 2013, the European Parliament claimed the Commission and Estate Members to develop different policies in order to fight household energy vulnerability. The importance of tackling fuel poverty is based on the critical consequences it has for human health living below certain temperatures. In Spain some advances have been made in this field but main existing studies remain at the statistical level and do not deepen the understanding of the problem from the perspective of dwelling indoor habitability conditions. What is more, this concept is yet to be officially defined. This paper presents the evaluation of fuel poverty in a building block of social housing located in the centre of Zaragoza and how this issue determined the strategies implemented in the energy retrofitting intervention project. At a first step, fuel poverty was appraised through the exploration of indoor thermal conditions. The adaptive thermal comfort (UNE-EN 15251:2008) method was used to establish the appropriate indoor temperatures and consequently to determine what can be called 'comfort gap'. Results were collated and verified with energy bills collection and a survey work that gathered data from neighbours. All this permitted pointing out those households more in need. Results from the social analysis combined with the evaluation of the building thermal performance determined the intervention. The renovation project was aimed at the implementation of passive strategies that improve households thermal comfort in order to alleviate households fuel poverty situation. This research is part of the project NewSolutions4OldHousing (LIFE10 ENV/ES/439) cofounded by the European Commission under the ...
Following the radical programs of economic adjustment, international agencies and governments in Latin America have been shaping their policies to protect the very poor, either by compensating for a deterioration in standards of living to which they themselves had contributed to, or simply to avoid further social unrest. Today, the idea that the government should intervene to resol ve problems of poverty and disparity is accepted; but it is accepted from a liberalstandpoint, that is to say, expeling politics from the equation and giving the market free rein to regulate society. In this view, policy to protect the poor makes the State some kind of charitable organization, a safety-net for those shut out of the market. This is based on two principIes: be patient, wait till tomorrow. These principIes are to be found in Rawls and in Hayek, who differ on some matters but agree on four main themes: the decisive role of the market in forming society, the justification of the fetishism of commodities, the creative disparities and the social exclusion as an individual phenomenon. ; Luego de los programas de ajustes radicales, las entidades internacionales y los gobiernos de los países latinoamericanos vienen adoptando políticas en defensa de los más pobres, bien sea para compensar el deterioro del nivel de vida que aquellos originaron o bien para evitar un mayor descontento social. Hoy se acepta la intervención del Estado para afrontar los problemas de la pobreza y las desigualdades sociales, aunque desde una óptica liberal, es decir, expulsando la política y dando prioridad al mercado como entidad reguladora de la sociedad. Así, las políticas en la defensa de los pobres adquiere un carácter de mera beneficencia o de red de seguridad para quienes son excluidos por el mercado, y se basan en dos principios: hay que ser pacientes y esperar hasta mañana. Sus fundamentos filosóficos se encuentran en Rawls y Hayek, quienes aunque difieren en algunas cuestiones comparte cuatro temas fundamentales: el papel determinante del mercado en la formación de la sociedad, la apología del fetichismo de la mercancía, las desigualdades creadoras y la exclusión social como fenómeno individual.
The neoliberal justification of globalization affirms the need for the logic and dynamics of market institutions to penetrate and determine all spheres of social life; for the rules of market functioning, defined by the categories of productivity, growth, competition and utility, to become the determining axis of social organization. Against this "economist" vision of globalization, which by annulling politics causes demotivation and apathy, we are trying to develop another understanding in which the capitalist market system is framed by a conception of politics oriented towards the creation of the social, political and economic conditions that make possible the consolidation and enjoyment of real freedoms for all citizens. ; En la justificación neoliberal de la globalización se afirma la necesidad de que la lógica y la dinámica de las instituciones del mercado penetren y determinen todos los ámbitos de la vida social; que las reglas de funcionamiento del mercado, definidas por las categorías de productividad, crecimiento, competencia y utilidad, se conviertan en el eje determinante de la organización social. Contra esta visión "economista" de la globalización, que al anular la política provoca desmotivación y apatía, se intenta desarrollar otra comprensión en la cual el sistema del mercado capitalista esté enmarcado por una concepción de la política orientada a la creación de las condiciones sociales, políticas y económicas que hagan posible la consolidación y el disfrute de las libertades reales para todos lo ciudadanos.
Editorial ; Aguilera, Oscar ; Presentación ; Velázquez, Nelly; Romero, Liccia ; La importancia de los cultivos andinos. ; The importance of andean crops. ; Jacobsen, Sven Erik; Mujica, Ángel; Ortiz, Rene ; Colombia: Ambiente, pobreza, violencia. ; Colombia: Environment, poverty and violence. ; Márquez, Germán ; Ambiente, sociedad e historia en los valles altos andinos de Venezuela (1930-1999). ; Environment, society and history in the high valleys of the Venezuelan andes (1930-1999). ; Velázquez, Nelly ; Hacia una nueva racionalidad socioambiental en los Andes paperos de Mérida ¿De qué depende?. ; Towards a new socio-environmental rationality in the potato-producing areas of the Andes in Mérida. What does it depend on?. ; Romero, Liccia ; Modernidad, medio ambiente y equidad. Una propuesta para su estudio en los valles altos de los Andes Venezolanos. ; Modernity, environment and equity: A proposal for study in the high-mountain valleys of the Venezuelan. ; Peñalver, Luz ; Factibilidad de caza de subsistencia, comercial y deportiva en el Chaco semiárido de la provincia de Salta, Argentina. ; Viability of commercial and sporting subsistence hunting in the semiarid Chaco-Salta province, Argentina. ; Barbarán, Francisco Ramón ; Globalización y agricultura: ¿Nuevos tiempos para América Latina?. ; Globalization and agriculture: Better times for Latin America? ; González, Gustavo ; Legislación de aguas en Bolivia. Encontrando bases comunes. ; Water legislation in Bolivia. In search of a common basis. ; Alurralde Tejada, Juan Carlos; Salón, Pablo; Orellana, Rene ; "Del frailejón a la papa. entre la conservación y la agricultura" Maximina Monasterio. ; Una apuesta permanente por el reencuentro entre ecología y sociedad en el escenario de los páramos andinos. ; Entrevista: Lic. Nellyana Salas ; Reseñas ; 25-37 ; trimestral ; Nivel analítico
El artículo busca poner en diálogo tres perspectivas de análisis diferentes respecto a la pobreza: primera: el human development and capability approach o, más precisamente, el uso que diversos organismos internacionales han dado al enfoque de las capacidades; segunda: la producción social de la pobreza y, tercera: la del gobierno de la pobreza. La intención del documento es mostrar que la elección de unas u otras perspectivas teóricas, para entender y explicar el fenómeno de la pobreza, tiene implicancias políticas y prácticas, es decir, consecuencias efectivas en los modos de intervenir sobre la vida de la población identificada como pobre ; The article seeks to put into dialog three analytical perspectives regarding poverty: first, human development and capability approach, or, more precisely, the use different international agencies have given to the capabilities approach; second, social poverty production and third, government of poverty. The document intends to show that the choice of theoretical perspectives to understand and explain the phenomenon of poverty has political and practical implications, i.e. effective consequences on modes of intervention in the life of the population identified as poor ; Fil: Campana, Melisa. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Cs.politicas y Rel.internacionales. Escuela de Trabajo Social; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina